Reims Cathedral hauv Fabkis: duab, style thiab keeb kwm. Dab tsi nthuav txog lub tsev teev ntuj hauv Reims?

Cov txheej txheem:

Reims Cathedral hauv Fabkis: duab, style thiab keeb kwm. Dab tsi nthuav txog lub tsev teev ntuj hauv Reims?
Reims Cathedral hauv Fabkis: duab, style thiab keeb kwm. Dab tsi nthuav txog lub tsev teev ntuj hauv Reims?
Anonim

Reims Cathedral (Fabkis) tsis yog ib qho txuj ci ntawm Gothic architecture xwb. Ntxiv nrog rau tus nqi ntawm cov khoom qub, lub tsev no muaj lwm lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb. Thaum tag nrho cov huab tais ntawm Fabkis coj lub coronation nyob rau hauv nws. Myrrh (cov roj tsw qab) tau khaws cia ntawm no, raws li cov lus dab neeg, xa los ntawm Vajtswv nws tus kheej los saum ntuj los rau kev cai raus dej thiab pleev xim rau lub nceeg vaj ntawm Clovis. Thiab txawm hais tias Fabkis tau ntev los ua ib lub tebchaws, lub tsev teev ntuj yog ib yam ntawm lub cim ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm lub teb chaws thiab nws cov yeeb yam yav dhau los. Rau connoisseurs ntawm medieval architecture, Cathédrale Notre-Dame de Reims kuj tseem ceeb heev. Tsis zoo li Notre Dame de Paris, uas sib xyaw ua ke sib txawv, lub tsev teev ntuj hauv Reims yog qhov piv txwv zoo tshaj plaws ntawm Gothic siab. Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias lub tsev tau tsa los ntawm ib tug tag nrho galaxy ntawm successive architects, tag nrho cov nyob rau hauv nws tsim ib tug organic tag nrho. Cia peb saib ze dua ntawm qhov monument ntawm medieval architecture, suav nrog hauv UNESCO World Heritage List.

Reims Cathedral
Reims Cathedral

Reims Cathedral qauv

Ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub tsev thaum lub sijhawm kov yeej Gaul los ntawm Rome, muaj da dej. Qhov hnyav ntawm Champagne ua rau cov legionnaires tsim hauv Reims thiab nthuavLub rooj sab laj: tsis zoo li lwm lub nroog, nws tau them, uas tso cai rau cov pej xeem tuaj sib sau ua ke nyob rau hauv kev tiv thaiv ntawm phab ntsa los nag thiab txias. Thaum cov ntseeg tau los ua lub xeev kev ntseeg, thawj lub tsev teev ntuj tau ua rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub sijhawm. Npis Sov ntawm Reims, foom koob hmoov rau Nicasius, fij nws nyob rau hauv kev hwm ntawm leej niam ntawm Vajtswv. Thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 5, hauv 498, tus thawj coj ntawm Franks, Clovis, tau ua kev cai raus dej hauv lub tsev teev ntuj no los ntawm txhais tes ntawm Remigius. Tom qab ntawd, qhov kev hloov dua siab tshiab no los ntawm paganism mus rau cov ntseeg Vajtswv tau koom nrog kev ua koob tsheej. Tom qab tag nrho, Clovis kuv raug hu ua huab tais ntawm Fabkis. Nyob rau hauv 816, Louis tus Pious kuj xaiv Reims ua qhov chaw ntawm nws coronation. Nws coj tag nrho lub Vaj Kaj Siab Roman. Txhawm rau thim lawv txoj kev thov kom muaj hwj chim nrog Vajtswv lub siab nyiam, kev tshaj tawm muaj koob muaj npe tau nthuav tawm cov lus dab neeg ntawm Vaj Ntsuj Plig Dawb Huv. Hais tias, thaum lub sijhawm Clovis ua kev cai raus dej, ib tug nquab nqis los saum ntuj, nqa ib lub raj mis ntawm kev kaj siab lug rau hauv nws tus beak.

Cathedral hauv Reims
Cathedral hauv Reims

Tam sim no Reims Cathedral: keeb kwm

Cov lus dab neeg kub ntawm lub khob iav, nrog rau lwm yam txuj ci tseem ceeb ua los ntawm Remigius (lawv hais tias nws, zoo li Tswv Yexus hauv Cana ntawm Kalilais, tau hloov dej los ua cawv txiv hmab), ntxiv dag zog rau kev nom kev tswv thiab lub hwj chim ntawm Archbishops. Reims. Lub Koom Txoos Roman twb tau tso cai rau kev nqis peev. Txhawm rau ua tus kav raug cai, ib tug yuav tsum tau crowned hauv lub tsev teev ntuj no. Lub tsev tau nthuav dav thiab rov tsim dua ob peb zaug. Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 13th, nws yog ib qho piv txwv zoo ntawm Romanesque architecture. Tab sis nyob rau hauv 1210 muaj hluav taws uas yuav luag tag nrho lub tsev teev ntuj. Tus Archbishop ntawm Reims, Aubry de Humbert, tau hais kom cov ruins raug tshem tawm thiab ib xyoos tom qab ntawd, lub Tsib Hlis 6, 1211, nws tau tso thawj lub pob zeb hauv kev tsim kho.lub tsev tshiab. Cov kws kes duab vajtse ua haujlwm ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj, kuj tau muab siab rau rau Leej Niam ntawm Vajtswv, rau 64 xyoo. Nws tau tsim, raws li lawv hais, los ntawm kos. Ntawd yog, cov tsev Romanesque raug rhuav tshem tag nrho thiab tsis suav nrog hauv txoj kev.

Architects

Muab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj rau Fabkis Crown, cov kws tsim vaj tsev zoo tshaj plaws ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd tau raug caw los tsim nws. Lub hom phiaj ntawm lub tsev tau tsim los ntawm thawj tus kws kos duab - Jean d'Orbe. Raws li nws txoj kev npaj, nws yuav tsum yog peb-nave basilica, hla los ntawm transept. Lub tuam tsev yuav tsum tau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog xya turrets nrog taw tes. Thiab ntawm qhov no, lub tswv yim ntawm thawj tus kws kos duab yeej tsis tau ua tiav. Tam sim no lub tuam tsev yog crowned nrog tsuas yog ob tug yees, lub sab sauv tiers ntawm uas tau ua tiav nyob rau hauv 1427. Tab sis lawv yeej tsis tau npog nrog cov tsev pheeb suab ntse. Tus so ntawm lub ntsiab architects "nrog kev saib xyuas zoo thiab mob siab rau" (raws li lub chronicler) txuas ntxiv ua haujlwm ntawm Jean d'Orbe. Xyoo 1231 nws tau ua tiav los ntawm Jean le Loup, thiab hauv 1247 los ntawm Gaucher ntawm Reims. Ib qho txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev tsim kho tau ua los ntawm Bernard los ntawm Soissons, uas tuaj nrog lub tswv yim ntawm rosette loj loj nyob rau sab hnub poob facade. Ob tug yees thiab Gallery ntawm Vaj Ntxwv tau tsim thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 14th los ntawm Robert de Coucy. Txawm hais tias muaj kev tsim kho ntev thiab muaj tswv yim ambitions ntawm eminent architects, cov style ntawm Reims Cathedral tseem nyob twj ywm. Tsuas yog sab hnub poob façade tuaj yeem raug faib ua "flaming gothic". Tab sis nws tsis ua txhaum lub pob zeb symphony. Tom qab tag nrho, cov style ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj yog classical Gothic.

Gothic Cathedral hauv Reims
Gothic Cathedral hauv Reims

Kev piav qhia

Lub tsev yog 140 meters ntev thiab yuav luag 30 meters dav. Yog li, qhov no yog lub tsev dawb ceev tshaj plaws nyob rau Fabkis,muaj hnub nyoog nyob rau hauv lub Gothic style. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov loj ntawm lub tsev yog imperceptible vim muaj ntau taw tes openwork arches, pyramidal spiers, thiab ntxhab gables. Nyob deb, zoo li lub tuam tsev soars saum ntuj. Ib tug ntawm ob tug yees ua ib tug tswb pej thuam. Lub Gothic Cathedral hauv Reims, zoo li lwm lub tuam tsev ntawm cov qauv no hauv Strasbourg, Chartres lossis Cologne, tau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog ntau cov duab puab. Feem ntau ntawm lawv, alas, tau ploj mus - Kev Tsov Rog Fab Kis Loj thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib Ib tau ua rau hnyav rau ntawm cov tsev dawb huv ntawm Champagne. Txawm li cas los xij, dab tsi seem tuaj yeem saib tau ntev. Cov duab puab nto moo tshaj plaws, uas tau dhau los ua lub cim ntawm tsis yog lub tsev teev ntuj, tab sis tag nrho lub nroog Reims, yog Smiling Angel. Nws yog tsim nyog them sai sai rau daim duab ntawm Atlas, uas tau tshoov siab V. Hugo los tsim cov duab ntawm Quasimodo. Lub portals ntawm lub tuam tsev yog dai kom zoo nkauj nrog scenes ntawm coronation ntawm leej niam ntawm Vajtswv, lub siab nyiam ntawm Tswv Yexus thiab lub xeem txiav txim. Lub Gallery ntawm Vaj yog ib kab ntawm 56 tus mlom loj.

Photo reims cathedral
Photo reims cathedral

Greek lub sijhawm ntawm gothic duab puab

Cov kws tshaj lij qhia dab tsi los ua tib zoo saib yog cov ntsiab lus ntawm Mary lub rooj sib tham nrog Elizabeth. Qhov kev pab no yog nyob rau sab xis ntawm lub ntsiab nkag. Ob tug poj niam cov duab nyob ze rau lub canons ntawm Ancient tim Nkij teb chaws uas qhov no yeej tsis tso tseg rau amaze art critics. Hmoov tsis zoo, lub npe ntawm tus kws kos duab ci ntsa iab uas tau koom nrog kev tsim kho lub tuam tsev nyob ib ncig ntawm 1220 tsis tau khaws cia. Tab sis nws qhov kev txawj ntse tau hnov hauv lwm cov mlom thiab bas-reliefs. Lub tsev teev ntuj hauv Reims yog dai kom zoo nkauj nrog lub qhov rais zoo nkauj thiab cov gothic roses classic. Kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb yuav tsum tau them rau lub qhov raissab qaum teb façade, uas qhia txog kev tsim lub ntiaj teb.

Reims Cathedral style
Reims Cathedral style

Meaning for France

Reims Cathedral tau rov ua qhov chaw ntawm cov xwm txheej loj rau txoj hmoo ntawm lub tebchaws. Yog li, xyoo 1429, nrog kev koom tes ntawm Virgin ntawm Orleans Joan ntawm Arc, lub coronation ntawm Charles VII tau tshwm sim ntawm no. Qhov kev tshwm sim no yog ib qho kev hloov pauv hauv Kev Tsov Rog Pua Xyoo. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 16th, Archbishop ntawm Reims tau txais Slavic Txoj Moo Zoo los ntawm kev tsis paub. Tau ntev, txhua tus vajntxwv Fab Kis tau cog lus rau kev ntseeg siab rau Cyrillic cov ntawv sau, raws li kev sau tsis meej. Kev xaiv tsa zaum kawg rau kev ua vajntxwv tau tshwm sim rau lub Tsib Hlis 29, 1825. Tab sis lub sijhawm kho dua tsis tau ntev, thiab tsis ntev Charles X tau tawm ntawm kev nom kev tswv.

reims cathedral france
reims cathedral france

Cathedral thiab sijhawm

Txawm hais tias lub tuam tsev ntawm XIII-XIV centuries zoo li tam sim no nyob rau hauv daim duab, Reims Cathedral yog rau qee qhov "remake". Thaum Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib 1, kev sib ntaus sib tua nto moo ntawm Marne tau hloov lub nroog mus rau qhov chaw ntawm kev ua phem heev. Lub tsev teev ntuj tau yuav luag tag nrho vim yog kev foob pob German. Cov seem lossis cov seem ntawm cov duab puab qub tau tsiv mus rau lub tsev teev ntuj nyob ze (Palais Du Tau). Thiab dhau lub tsev teev ntuj nws tus kheej, kev kho kom zoo nkauj ntev tau pib. Lawv tsuas yog xaus rau xyoo 1938. Lub qhov rais stained-iav tau rov qab los (nrog kev pab ntawm sketches los ntawm Marc Chagall) tsuas yog xyoo 1974.

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