Shumshu Island: piav qhia. Sib ntaus ntawm Shumshu Island

Cov txheej txheem:

Shumshu Island: piav qhia. Sib ntaus ntawm Shumshu Island
Shumshu Island: piav qhia. Sib ntaus ntawm Shumshu Island
Anonim

Muaj ib zaug, nyob rau sab qab teb ntawm Kamchatka Peninsula, nyob rau sab qis ntawm Amur, ntawm Sakhalin thiab Kuril Islands, cov neeg Ainu thaum ub nyob. Cov aborigines no kuj nyob hauv cov kob ntawm Shumshu. Xyoo 1711, tus neeg ncig tebchaws Siberian Ivan Kozyrevsky tau mus xyuas qhov chaw sab qaum teb ntawm Kuril Islands.

shumshu kob
shumshu kob

Ib qho kev tshem tawm ntawm Cossacks, coj los ntawm nws thiab Danila Antsyferov, tsaws ntawm Shumsha nrog lub hom phiaj ntawm kev txhim kho thiab koom nrog ntau tus Kuril Islands tuaj rau Russia. Nyob rau hauv Honor ntawm Ivan Kozyrevsky, lub bay thiab ib tug cape muaj npe nyob rau hauv Shumshu. Thiab nyob rau hauv kev hwm ntawm Antsyferov, nyob rau tom ntej no occupied kob, Paramushir, lub roob hluav taws, ib lub roob thiab ib tug cape muaj npe. Tsis tas li ntawd, ib qho ntawm 56 Kuril Islands tau muab npe rau nws.

Orphan Islands

Nyob rau xyoo 1787, 21 lub tebchaws tau raug muab tso rau hauv tebchaws Russia, suav nrog cov kob ntawm Shumshu. Thaum pib, cov Russians pib tsim cov av no. Thiab yog hais tias koj nco ntsoov hais tias nyob rau hauv lub ua ntej ntawm kev sib tham nyob rau hauv 1792, txawm Fr. Hokkaido tsis yog ib ncig ntawm Nyij Pooj, thiab cov Kuriles tsis yog rau leej twg, ces qhov kev txaus siab ntawm Lavxias teb sab cov neeg lag luam hauv kev ncaj ncees rau thaj chaw tsis muaj neeg nkag siab zoo heev. Tab sis tag nrho cov Romanovs, pib nrog Catherine II, tsis taupom tsis muaj kev txaus siab nyob rau sab hnub tuaj, thiab qhov no tau lees paub los ntawm kev muag khoom ntawm Alaska.

Txoj kev rau kev rov qab los ntawm cov Islands poob ploj

Tom qab Russia swb hauv Russo-Japanese Tsov Rog xyoo 1904-1905, Kuril Islands thiab South Sakhalin mus rau Nyiv, thiab thaj tsam Sakhalin tam sim no tau muab faib ua ob ntu.

Sakhalin cheeb tsam
Sakhalin cheeb tsam

Xyoo 1945, Tebchaws Meskas thiab Tebchaws Askiv tau tig mus rau Soviet Union nrog kev thov kom nkag mus ua rog nrog Nyij Pooj. Lub USSR tau cog lus tias yuav ua qhov no raws nraim peb lub hlis hauv kev pauv rau South Sakhalin rov qab los thiab tag nrho cov Islands tuaj Kuril. Peb lub teb chaws khaws nws tej lus.

Thiab ntawm no yav dhau los qhov tsis tseem ceeb Shumshu nkag mus rau hauv keeb kwm kev sib tw, cais los ntawm Kamchatka los ntawm 1st Kuril Strait, qhov dav ntawm qhov chaw no yog 11 kilometers. Shumshu raug cais los ntawm cov neeg nyob sib ze Paramushir los ntawm 2nd strait ntawm tib lub npe, qhov dav tsuas yog 2 km.

Kuril Islands Nyiv thiab Russia
Kuril Islands Nyiv thiab Russia

Kev piav qhia ntawm cov kob tuaj yeem pib nrog nws qhov loj me. Nws ntev yog 30 km, dav - 20. Nws yog qhov qis tshaj ntawm tag nrho cov 56 Islands tuaj. Nws muaj cov dej tshiab me me, qhov loj tshaj plaws uas tuaj yeem hu ua Bolshoye Lake. Ozernaya thiab Mayachnaya yog ob tus dej ntws los ntawm nws thaj chaw, thaj tsam ntawm 388 square meters. km. Qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov kob no nce mus txog 189 meters saum toj no hiav txwv theem, thiab nws yog hu ua High Roob. Yooj yim thiab nkag siab cov npe Lavxias. Nws nto moo rau dab tsi? Kev ua haujlwm tsaws ntawm cov tub rog Soviet, tau ua ntawm no thaum lub Yim Hli.

kawgSoviet-Japanese Tsov rog

Cov kob no yog qhov chaw ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua kawg ntawm Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob, uas tso tsheb hlau luam tau koom nrog, thiab nws ua phem heev. Kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Shumshu Island yog ib feem ntawm Kuril tsaws haujlwm, uas tau kav txij li 18 txog 1 Cuaj hlis. Lub hom phiaj ntawm kev ua haujlwm yog txhawm rau ntes Kuril Islands. Nws tau ua los ntawm cov tub rog ntawm 2nd Far Eastern Front, txib los ntawm General ntawm Army MA Purkaev, thiab Pacific Fleet, coj los ntawm Admiral I. S. Yumashev. Ib txoj haujlwm ua tiav tau ua tiav hauv Manchuria, qhov twg Kwantung Army tau swb tag nrho. Qhov kev tawm tsam hauv qhov kev taw qhia no tau xaus nrog kev ywj pheej ntawm South Sakhalin. Cov kev vam meej no tau tsim cov xwm txheej zoo heev rau kev ywj pheej ntawm Kuril Islands los ntawm Nyiv.

Island militarization

Nyob rau sab qaum teb ntawm cov kob ntawm Shumshu, muaj lub hauv paus loj tshaj plaws hauv Nyij Pooj, Kataoka, uas cov nkoj Nyij Pooj tau xa mus ntes Pearl Harbor. Kuj tseem muaj lub tshav dav hlau, qhov chaw tsaws tsaws uas tau muaj sia nyob mus txog hnub no, thiab rov qab rau xyoo 90s ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem, lub dav hlau L-410, 19-lub rooj zaum ob lub cav rau cov dav hlau hauv zos, tsaws ntawm Yelizovo (Kamchatka) tsaws. ntawm no.

piav qhia ntawm cov kob
piav qhia ntawm cov kob

Cov tub rog Soviet tso siab rau qhov kev tawm tsam tam sim ntawd, lub hom phiaj yog lub koog pov txwv ntawm Shumshu - ntes nws thiab tsim lub taub hau ntawm no rau kev ntes Paramushir, Onekotan thiab lwm cov Islands tuaj, txhua tus muaj cov tub rog Nyij Pooj. Txog li 80 txhiab tus tub rog tau tsom mus rau ntawm no, 9 lub tshav dav hlau tau tsim, muaj peev xwm txaus siab txog 600aircraft.

Impenetrable Fortress

Ncaj nraim ntawm cov kob ntawm Shumshu muaj 60 lub tso tsheb hlau luam ntawm 11 lub tank tub rog, 100 phom, thiab cov tub ceev xwm muaj 8.5 txhiab tus neeg. Tag nrho cov kob yog ib tug zoo-fortified defensive system. warehouses, tsev kho mob, fais fab nroj tsuag thiab chaw sib txuas lus tau muab zais rau ntawm qhov tob ntawm 50-70 meters. Feem ntau ntawm cov phom tau zoo camouflaged, thiab cov lus txib ntawm Soviet tsis paub txog lawv, thiab muaj ntau yam khoom cuav. Tsuas yog 300 pob zeb bunkers tau tsim rau ntawm cov kob, cov qauv tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv amphibious tau txhim kho raws tag nrho cov ntug dej hiav txwv 3-4 km hauv av.

Qhov kev tawm tsam tsis txaus ntseeg kuj tseem tsim nyog vim hais tias los ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd USSR, txawm hais tias nws tau ua tiav kev pom zoo nrog Tebchaws Meskas txog kev rov qab los ntawm Kuriles thiab South Sakhalin, qhov qeeb qeeb tshaj plaws tau ua rau txoj haujlwm ntawm txhua lub tebchaws los ntawm Cov tub rog Asmeskas. Ntxiv mus, Hirohito, tus huab tais Nyij Pooj, thaum Lub Yim Hli 15 tau hais kom cov tub rog npaj rau kev tso siab, feem ntau yog rau cov neeg Amelikas. Tam sim no ntawm kev tawm tsam, uas tau muab tso rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov tub rog Soviet, feem ntau, ua rau nws tus kheej, tshwj tsis yog qhov tseeb tias cov tub rog Soviet tuag dua thaum lub sij hawm ntes ntawm sab qaum teb cov kob.

Cov tub rog Soviet

Lub zog tsaws, uas yuav tsum tau cua daj cua dub ntawm Shumshu, suav nrog yuav luag txhua yam uas thaj chaw tiv thaiv ntawm Kamchatka muaj. Cov pab pawg nws tus kheej muaj 8,3 txhiab tus tub rog tub rog, muaj 118 phom thiab mortars, txog 500 lub teeb thiab hnyav tshuab phom. Huab cua nws tus kheejCov pab pawg tau muab faib ua ib qho kev detachment siab heev thiab ob qho kev faib ntawm lub ntsiab rog. Tsis tas li ntawd, 64 lub nkoj thiab cov nkoj, uas suav nrog cov minesweepers, minelayers, lub roj teeb ntab, thauj cov nkoj, cov nkoj soj ntsuam thiab nkoj, nkoj torpedo thiab nkoj tsaws, yuav tsum tau txhawb nqa kev tawm tsam. Qhov armada no kuj tau muab faib ua 4 qhov chaw - ib qho kev txhawb nqa phom loj, pab pawg thauj, tog tsaws, trawling thiab kev ruaj ntseg detachments. Kev tawm tsam Soviet tau txais kev txhawb nqa los ntawm kev sib xyaw huab cua ntawm 78 lub dav hlau, thiab cov roj teeb ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv 130-mm nyob ntawm Cape Lopatka. Shumshu Island (nyob rau hauv daim ntawv qhia hauv qab no, qhov no yog pom tseeb) nyob ze heev rau qhov kawg point ntawm cape Lopatka.

Shumshu Island ntawm daim ntawv qhia
Shumshu Island ntawm daim ntawv qhia

Paratroopers tiv thaiv tank

Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias cov tub rog tsis raug rho tawm haujlwm thiab tsis tau koom nrog hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua yav dhau los, thiab cov tub rog ntawm sab hnub poob tsis raug xa mus vim muaj kev txwv nruj ntawm kev ua haujlwm. Cov tub rog tau pom meej tsis txaus, thiab thawj hnub uas pawg nkoj tau poob 9 lub nkoj, thiab 8 lub nkoj tau puas lawm. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev tso tawm ua ntej, suav nrog 1,3 txhiab tus neeg, tau tswj hwm los tsaws ntawm ntug dej thiab tau txais ib qho foothold nyob ntawd. Ntawm 22 walkie-talkies ntawm ntug dej, tsuas yog ib qho ua haujlwm. Tus neeg tsav nkoj G. V. Musorin, uas xa nws, mus hauv qab dej, tuav lub nkoj uas tsis muaj nqi tshaj saum hiav txwv. Feem ntau, raws li ib txwm muaj, cov tub rog Lavxias thiab cov neeg tsav nkoj tau ua txuj ci tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua siab loj - ob ntawm lawv rov ua qhov kev ua yeeb yam ntawm A. Matrosov. Qhov tseeb, kev tso tawm mus tom ntej tsuas muaj riam phom teeb tawm tsam Japanese tso tsheb hlau luam. Kev ua phem rau Shumshu tau dhau los ua qhov kev txiav txim siab nyob rau hauv chav kawm ntawm tag nrho cov kev ua haujlwm tsaws, thiabQhov kev hloov pauv uas tau txiav txim siab txiav txim siab yeej ntawm cov tub rog Soviet yog kev ntes ntawm qhov chaw siab tshaj ntawm cov kob - Mount High. Thiab cov Russians yeej.

sib ntaus ntawm shumshu kob
sib ntaus ntawm shumshu kob

Kev ua haujlwm tshwm sim

Tam sim lub Yim Hli 20, Soviet nkoj mus rau Kataoka lees txais kev tso siab, tab sis tau ntsib hluav taws. Raws li kev tsaws nce mus, Japanese cov lus txib txhua zaus pom zoo rau kev tso siab, tab sis rub nrog tag nrho nws lub peev xwm kos npe tiag tiag. Lub Yim Hli 22, Fusaki Tsutsumi, uas tau txib cov tub rog Nyij Pooj, lees txais tag nrho cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev tso siab, thiab 20 txhiab tus tub rog Nyij Pooj tau tso tseg: 12 ntawm cov kob ntawm Shumshu thiab 8 ntawm Paramushir. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, 30 txhiab tus neeg surrendered nyob rau sab qaum teb Islands tuaj.

Cov txiaj ntsig tu siab ntawm kev ua haujlwm no yog tib neeg kev raug mob los ntawm sab Soviet. 1567 tus neeg tau ploj, ntawm 416 tus neeg raug tua, 123 tus neeg ploj lawm (feem ntau yuav poob dej), thiab 1028 raug mob. Cov tub rog Nyij Pooj ntawm cov kob poob 1018 tus neeg, 300 ntawm lawv raug tua.

Peb cov Islands

Raws li kev ua tsov ua rog, tag nrho cov Kuril Islands tuaj rau peb lub tebchaws, thiab thaj tsam Sakhalin rov qab los lees txais lawv rau hauv nws cov khoom. Nyiv tseem tab tom thov South Kuril Islands, hu lawv lawv thaj chaw qaum teb.

Kev sib cog lus ntawm kev ua tswv cuab ntawm cov Islands tuaj, uas Thaj Av ntawm Lub Hnub Nyoog Kawg tsis muaj cai, tseem tab tom rub mus. Nyiv xav tau tiag tiag, thiab Tebchaws Meskas pab nws hauv qhov no, kom tsim nyog rau South Kuril Islands, nplua nuj nyob hauv cov nqi tsis ntev los no, suav nrog cov rhenium, hlau tsis ntev los no. Nyiv thiab Russiatus cwj pwm tsis tsim nyog ua ntej tej zaum yuav tsis pom zoo.

Pom zoo: