Nyob hauv lub nroog Italian ntawm Milan yog lub tsev fuabtais Sforza, uas nws cov keeb kwm muaj ntau pua xyoo txuas nrog kev nce thiab nqis, kev puas tsuaj thiab kev kho dua tshiab. Ua tsaug rau kev siv zog ntawm Italian cov neeg tsim kho thiab cov kws tsim vaj tsev, niaj hnub no txhua tus muaj lub sijhawm los qhuas cov tuam tsev qub thiab cov phab ntsa fortress, taug kev ncig lub tsev fuabtais.
Nws pib ua li cas
Zoo li ntau lwm cov vaj tsev monuments, Castello Sforzesco, raws li cov neeg Italians lawv tus kheej hu lub tsev fuabtais no, sawv ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov tsev qub qub. Cov qauv kev tiv thaiv thawj zaug tau tsim tsa nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 14th los ntawm tsev neeg Visconti, uas tau tswj hwm lub hwj chim hauv Milan rau hauv lawv txhais tes ntev, thiab tom qab ntawd mus rau subjugate feem ntau ntawm cov nroog nyob ze.
Gianu Galeazzo I Visconti tswj tsis tau tsuas yog txuas nws lub hwj chim rau cov nroog hauv nruab nrab ntawm Ltalis xws li Siena thiab Pisa, tab sis kuj tseem yuav tau lub npe ducal rau nws tus kheej thiab nws cov qub txeeg qub teg. Nws cov xeeb ntxwv ua tsis tau tej yam tshiab rau lub Duchy ntawm Milan. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm ntau cov tub rog tsis sib haum xeeb nrog Venice hauvThaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 15th, Milan, ib lub nroog-xeev, poob ntau thaj chaw kov yeej.
Tom qab kev tuag hauv 1447 ntawm cov tswv cuab kawg ntawm tsev neeg Visconti - Duke Filippo Maria - cov neeg ntxeev siab hauv nroog tau tshaj tawm Ambrosian Republic thiab rhuav tshem lub tsev fuabtais ntawm cov thawj coj ntxub.
theem tsim
Tab sis lwm yam xwm txheej ntawm lub tebchaws no tau mus tsis zoo, thiab vim yog kev ua phem ntawm Venetians, Milan tau poob ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm nws thaj chaw. Cov neeg nyob hauv nroog tau pib nrhiav tus thawj coj muaj zog thiab caw ib tug tub rog tub rog, Francesco Sforza, uas yav dhau los ua haujlwm nrog Visconti thiab tau cuam tshuam nrog tsev neeg no. Nyob rau hauv 1450, lub senate ntawm Milan tau muab nws lub npe ntawm duke. Nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo, Francesco Sforza pib tsim nws Milanese tsev fuabtais, xeeb raws li ib tug exquisite thiab luxurious ducal chaw nyob, tab sis kuj raws li ib tug haib tiv thaiv qauv. Txhawm rau ua raws li txoj kev npaj no, xws li cov kws tsim vaj tsev zoo nkauj ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd xws li Antonio Filarete, Bartolomeo Gadio, Marcoleone da Nogarolo, Jacopo da Cortona thiab ntau lwm tus tau raug caw. Raws li kev coj noj coj ua ntawm thawj tus ntawm lawv, lub hauv paus pej thuam tau tsim tsa, tab sis Bartolomeo Gadio yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev tsim kho cov phab ntsa tiv thaiv loj thiab plaub lub kaum tsev tiv thaiv pej thuam.
Xyoo 1446, Francesco Sforza tuag, thiab nws tus tub hlob Galeazzo Maria (Galeazzo Maria Sforza) tau los ua tus kav Milan. Nyob rau hauv nws, lub tsev fuabtais Sforza txuas ntxiv txhim kho, thiab cov duke tshiab xa cov kws tsim qauv thiab cov kws ua haujlwm ntawm Florence mus rau Milan los ua haujlwm tsim kho. Tom qabKev tua neeg ntawm Galeazzo xyoo 1467, nws tus poj niam Bona ntawm Savoy, sim tiv thaiv nws tus kheej, tsim Bona lub siab siab thaum lub sijhawm ntawd - Torre di Bona hauv Rochetta - qhov chaw tiv thaiv tshaj plaws ntawm lub tsev fuabtais.
Lub sijhawm ntawm kev tsov rog Italian
Lodovico Maria Sforza, uas tau los ua lub zog hauv xyoo 1494, txuas ntxiv txhim kho Sforza Castle hauv Milan thiab caw cov kws tshaj lij Italian zoo tshaj plaws rau qhov no - Bramante, uas tau los ua tus sau ntau yam vaj tse thiab kho kom zoo nkauj, thiab Leonardo da Vinci, leej twg ua haujlwm ntawm cov qauv tiv thaiv thiab tsim cov frescoes series.
Nyob rau hauv 1500, thaum lub sij hawm ib qho ntawm Italian tsov rog ntawm lub teb chaws Ottoman thiab Fabkis, cov tub rog ntawm King Louis XII nkag mus rau Milan thiab ntes Ludovico Sforza. Nws raug coj mus rau Fabkis, qhov chaw nws tuag.
Lub Tsev fuabtais Sforza tau raug puas tsuaj loj hauv xyoo 1521, thaum xob laim ntaus lub hauv paus pej thuam ntawm Filarete, siv lub sijhawm ntawd los ua cov mos txwv.
Spanish Time
Cov Neeg Mev, uas muaj Milan nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 16th, ua kom lub tsev fuabtais zoo dua qub. Lawv tau tsim kho tshiab niaj hnub fortifications nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug rau-taw lub hnub qub nyob ib ncig ntawm lub qub phab ntsa, thaj tsam ntawm 26 hectares. Tus tswv nroog tau tsiv mus rau Royal Palace, thiab cov tub rog tub rog nyob hauv lub tsev fuabtais. Tom qab kev sib tsoo ntawm cov tub rog ntawm King Francis I ntawm Pavia, ua tsaug rau kev txhawb nqa ntawm huab tais thiab Spanish huab tais Charles V, Sforza tsev neeg rov qab los rau lub hwj chim. Francesco II dhau los ua Duke ntawm Milan.
Austrian domination
Tom qab nws tuag xyoo 1534Francesco II Maria Sforza, Austrian Habsburg faj tim teb chaws annexes lub Duchy ntawm Milan thiab tsa ib tug tswv xeev los tswj nws. Thaum lub sijhawm kav tebchaws Austrian, Sforza Tsev fuabtais tau siv los ua tub rog thiab tub rog cov tub rog. Qee lub tsev ntawm nws thaj chaw tau rov ua dua lossis rov ua dua tshiab. Qhov pom pom tshaj plaws ntawm lub sijhawm Habsburg yog tus pej thuam ntawm John ntawm Nepomuk ntawm tus choj taub hau.
Napoleonic sij hawm
Tom qab Napoleon Bonaparte tau tawm tsam Ltalis xyoo 1796, Austria, tau xaus lus cog lus kev thaj yeeb ntawm Campo Formio, yuav tsum tso Lombardy. General Bonaparte xaiv Milan ua nws lub nroog nyob rau tsib xyoos: los ntawm 1796 txog 1801. Txawm hais tias cov lus thov ntawm cov neeg hauv nroog uas tau thov kom rhuav tshem lub tsev fuabtais tag nrho, Napoleon tau hais kom rov ua haujlwm rov qab los ua haujlwm hauv nws. Txog thaum kawg ntawm Fabkis cov tub rog nyob rau hauv 1814, Milan yuav yog lub peev ntawm ntau lub xeev tsim nyob rau hauv ltalis los ntawm Napoleon.
Raws li cov txiaj ntsig ntawm tag nrho-European lub rooj sib tham hauv Vienna, lub nroog rov mus rau hauv Austrian muaj thiab dhau los ua qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm lub nceeg vaj Lombardo-Venetian tshiab. Nyob rau hauv 1848, thaum lub Tsib Milan Hnub, thaum cov neeg ntxeev siab tawm tsam kev ywj pheej los ntawm Austrian invaders, lub cannons ntawm lub tsev fuabtais Sforza ntaus Milan. Kev tawm tsam tau raug tsoo, thiab tag nrho nws cov neeg koom raug ntes thiab kaw.
Xyoo 1859, cov neeg Austrian tawm hauv Lombardy, thiab cov neeg hauv zos tau ntes thiab nyiag lub tsev fuabtais, tom qab ntawd nws tau poob rau hauv kev puas tsuaj.
keeb kwm niaj hnub
Ntau tus neeg nyob hauv Milan thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th tau thov kom lub tsev fuabtais hauv tebchaws Ltalis raug rhuav tshem, tshem tawm lub ntsej muag ntawm lub ntiaj teb thiab txhim kho hauv nws qhov chaw muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua, xws li thaj chaw neeg tseem ceeb. Hmoov zoo, lawv txiav txim siab tsis rhuav tshem lub fortress, tab sis, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, los kho nws. Kev kho dua tshiab ntawm lub tsev fuabtais hauv xyoo 1893 tau pib los ntawm tus kws kes duab vajtse Luca Beltrami, uas tau nrhiav kom rov tsim cov keeb kwm ntawm cov tsev thaum lub sij hawm kav ntawm Sforza. Xyoo 1905, lub tsev Filarete tau kho dua tshiab tau qhib, thiab nyob rau sab nraud ntawm lub tsev fuabtais, Sempione Park tau muab tso rau.
Thaum lub sijhawm foob pob ntawm Ntiaj Teb Tsov Rog II, ntau lub tuam tsev vaj tsev raug puas tsuaj, suav nrog Castello Sforzesco, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog Rochetta. Thaum kawg ntawm 50s ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem, lub tsev fuabtais tau rov qab los thiab qhib rau pej xeem.
Qhov kev hloov pauv zaum kawg ntawm qhov pom ntawm lub fortress yog ib tug ciav loj nyob rau hauv nws sab hauv square, nicknamed lub "Cua tshoob ncuav mog qab zib" los ntawm Milanese thiab tsim los hloov lub qub qub, demolished thaum lub sij hawm tsim lub subway nyob rau hauv lub 60s. ntawm lub xyoo pua XX.
Architecture
Lub tsev fuabtais Sforza niaj hnub yog lub tsev zoo li square, nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm uas yog Piazza delle Armi. Nws yog ib puag ncig los ntawm cov phab ntsa loj, thiab lub hauv paus rooj vag yog tsim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug square multi-tiered pej thuam - Filaret, uas nyob rau hauv ib lub sij hawm ua tus qauv ntawm lub Spasskaya ntauwd nyob rau hauv Moscow Kremlin. Mus rau sab xis thiab sab laug ntawm nws yog lub ces kaum puag ncig yees - di Santo Spirito thiab dei Carmini.
Tom qab dhau los ntawm qhov nkag nkag mus rau lub pej thuam Filarete, peb mus rau Piazza delle Armi thiab tuaj yeem pom tus pej thuam nyob ntawmqhov chaw ntawm lub rooj vag Porta Giovia. Nyob rau sab xis ntawm nws yog cov chav tsev ducal, thiab sab laug - feem ntau fortified ib feem ntawm lub tsev fuabtais - Rochetta. Nws muaj nws lub tshav puam me me, nrog rau ob lub tsev siab dua: Torre Castellana (Tsev Vaj Ntxwv) thiab Bona ntawm Savoy ntauwd. Hauv av pem teb ntawm Torre Castellana yog ib lub txhab nyiaj uas koj tuaj yeem pom cov frescoes tseem muaj sia nyob ntawm Bramantino.
Inside the ducal apartments, a me me is allocated, around a portico, known today as the "Portico of the Elephant" (Portico dell'Elefante), thiaj li muaj npe vim yog fresco depicting tus tsiaj no.
Castle Museums
Los txog hauv Milan thaum ub, qhov pom ntawm daim ntawv qhia uas kuv xav mus xyuas tuaj yeem tshawb nrhiav tsis kawg.
Tab sis koj yuav tsum xaiv rau lub tsev fuabtais Sforza: nws yog keeb kwm monument, nrog rau qhov chaw uas muaj ntau lub tsev khaws puav pheej. Ntawm lawv yog cov kos duab kos duab, Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Ancient Art, sau cov suab paj nruag, sau ntawm medieval tapestries thiab ntau lwm yam exhibitions. Tau nkag mus rau hauv lub tsev fuabtais dawb, koj tuaj yeem yuav ib daim pib mus xyuas txhua lub tsev khaws puav pheej lossis cais rau txhua qhov kev nthuav qhia uas koj nyiam.
