Hauv cheeb tsam Tverskoy ntawm Moscow muaj ib lub tiaj ua si hu ua Alexander Garden. Lub Italian grotto nyob rau hauv nws, kuj hu ua "Lub Ruins", tau tsim nyob rau hauv thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th. Qhov no architectural qauv yog dai kom zoo nkauj thiab decorates lub tiaj ua si. Txog lub grotto nyob rau hauv Alexander Garden, keeb kwm ntawm nws creation thiab nta nyob rau hauv kom meej nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm.
Ob peb lo lus hais txog kev tsim
Keeb kwm ntawm lub grotto hauv Alexander Garden (Moscow), nyob ib sab ntawm Arsenal Kremlin Ntauwd, pib thaum kaj ntug ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th. Nyob rau lub sijhawm xyoo 1820 txog 1823, kev ua haujlwm tau ua los txhim kho lub tiaj ua si memorial nyob ib sab ntawm Moscow Kremlin. Nyob rau hauv 1821, ib tug grotto tau tsim nyob rau hauv Alexander Garden nyob ib sab ntawm lub Middle Arsenal ntauwd. Raws li tau hais ua ntej, nws tau hu ua "Italian" lossis "Ruins". Qhov tseeb nthuav yog tias qhov thib ob ntawm cov npe no tau muab rau lub grotto vim qhov tseeb tias thaum lub sij hawm tsim kho cov vaj tse uas tseem tshuav hauv xyoo 1812 tau siv los ntawm Napoleon cov tub rog.
AuthorTus kws kos duab nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd, O. I. Bove, uas tau ua haujlwm loj rau kev kho dua tshiab ntawm Moscow tom qab kev puas tsuaj ntawm Patriotic War ntawm 1812, tau los ua qhov project. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias nws yog tus tsim ntawm ntau lub tsev tsim nyob rau hauv cov style ntawm classicism nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg, ib co ntawm cov uas muaj sia nyob rau niaj hnub no.
Kev piav qhia
Grotto hauv Moscow, hauv Alexander Garden, raws li kev npaj los ntawm O. I. Bove, tau dhau los ua lub cim ntawm kev txhawb siab ntawm lub nroog puas tsuaj. Yog vim li cas cov seem ntawm Moscow cov tsev tau siv nyob rau hauv nws kev tsim kho. Yuav kom tsim tau lub grotto nws tus kheej, ib tug dag toj roob hauv pes (bolwerk, bastion) tau tsim, nyob rau hauv ib feem ntawm cov grotto yog "embedded". Qhov tseeb nthuav yog tias bolverk tau tsim ib puas xyoo ua ntej, thaum npaj tau npaj rau kev tiv thaiv ntawm Kremlin thaum lub sij hawm Great Northern War. Tom qab ntawd nws tau xav tias cov tub rog Swedish yuav tawm tsam Moscow, tab sis qhov no tsis tau tshwm sim. Lub bastion tseem nyob thiab ib puas xyoo tom qab ntawd ua lub hauv paus rau kev tsim ib qho kev tsim vaj tsev.
Cov khoom tsim xws li lub pob zeb lossis lub qhov tsua yog qhov zoo nkauj zoo nkauj hauv vaj thiab chaw ua si hauv xyoo pua 19th. Lub grotto nyob rau hauv Alexander Garden, ntxiv rau ua ib tug memorial, kuj tau txais kev pab raws li ib tug zoo nkauj kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm lub tiaj ua si.
Raws li cov neeg sau keeb kwm, raws li cov ntaub ntawv, ib lub tsev tshwj xeeb uas muaj npog tau ua rau hauv lub xyoo pua 19th. Hnub so, lub suab paj nruag nyob ntawm no thiab ntaus ntau yam suab paj nruag, lom zem so.
Architecture thiab tsim
Lub grotto hauv Alexander Garden sawv cevib lub qhov tsua uas tsim tawm, qhov nkag mus uas yog crowned nrog lub pob zeb vault. Nyob ze ntawm qhov nkag yog plaub kab ntawv dawb nrog Doric xaj. Ntawm lub architrave (ib lub vaj huam sib luag horizontally nyob saum cov kab) muaj bas-reliefs nrog ntau lub cim ntawm kev ua tub rog muaj koob meej, nrog rau cov duab ntawm mythological creatures, xws li hippocampus (nees nrog ntses tails).
Cov qauv muaj ib lub voj voog ib puag ncig thiab yog ua los ntawm cov xim dub granite thiab cib liab. Rau kev tsim cov grotto, cov khoom tawg ntawm cov pedestals ntawm kev puas tsuaj monuments thiab cov qauv zoo nkauj tau siv. Sab saum toj ntawm lub qhov tsua nws tus kheej, muaj ob qhov tshwj xeeb scaffolds, uas cov duab ntawm tsov ntxhuav raug ntsia.
Visually, lub silhouette ntawm lub tsev zoo li ua txhaum txoj kab ntawm Kremlin phab ntsa, thaum tuav architectural sib haum xeeb. Raws li cov kws tshawb fawb, grotto, stylized li antique antiquity, symbolizes cov duab ntawm lub sijhawm ntawm lub sijhawm. Tib lub sijhawm, muab qhov kev zoo nkauj txawv txawv rau tag nrho cov khoom xyaw.
Qhov tseeb nthuav yog tias thaum lub sijhawm cov xwm txheej tshwm sim thaum lub sijhawm ua koob tsheej ntawm huab tais, grotto hauv Alexander Garden tau dai kom zoo nkauj ib yam li cov phab ntsa nrog cov yees ntawm Moscow Kremlin. Piv txwv li, thaum lub sij hawm coronation ntawm Alexander III, nws tau tshwj xeeb illuminated nrog sparklers thiab lwm yam illuminations. Tsis tas li ntawd, tus ciav dej ua haujlwm nyob ib sab ntawm lub tsev, uas tsis yog tsuas yog zoo nkauj xwb, tab sis kuj muab qhov txias txias thaum lub caij ntuj sov.
Ib tug Ensemble
Hauv xyoo 2004 lub grotto tau rov qab los. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv raug cai, kev kho yog tshwm sim los ntawm qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov qauv. Thaum lub sij hawmua hauj lwm, archaeologists tshuaj xyuas lub backfill ntawm cov kev txhawb nqa ntawm lub grotto, nrog rau cov seem cais nws los ntawm lub Kremlin phab ntsa.
Tib neeg seem, cov tais diav thiab lwm yam khoom qub tau pom. Cov kev tshawb pom muaj nyob rau ntau lub sijhawm - los ntawm 13th mus rau 18th caug xyoo. Tam sim no, tag nrho cov no tau raug xa mus rau Moscow Kremlin Tsev khaws puav pheej.
Hnub no txhua tus tuaj yeem pom lub grotto hauv Alexander Garden thiab qhuas nws cov architecture zoo heev. Txawm li cas los xij, txawm hais tias nws tau tsim nyob rau hauv ib qho kev sib txawv dua li cov phab ntsa Kremlin, ua ke lawv tsim ib pawg zoo kawg nkaus.
