Ancient landmark ntawm Crimea - Funa fortress

2024 Tus sau: Harold Hamphrey | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:14

Crimea tuaj yeem raug ntaus nqi rau thaj chaw pom ntau tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb. Qhov no siv rau ob qho tib si ntuj thiab kev coj noj coj ua ntawm cov ceg av qab teb, nyob rau ntawm txoj kev sib tshuam ntawm sab hnub tuaj thiab sab hnub poob ntiaj teb, kev vam meej ploj mus thiab cov xeev ua tiav. Qee tus ntawm lawv tau tuaj yeem tuaj ntawm no hauv ib lub sijhawm. Ib qho piv txwv ntawm ib tug tim khawv rau cov xwm txheej no yog Funa fortress nyob rau hauv Alushta.

Nco ntsoov dab tsi?

Lub npe "Funa" yog txhais los ntawm Greek li "smoky". Nws tau txais nws lub npe nyob rau hauv Honor ntawm Mount Demerdzhi. Funa Fortress yog tsim nyob rau ntawm ko taw ntawm lub ncov zoo nkauj tshaj plaws ntawm sab qab teb ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Crimea. Nyob rau hauv cov chaw no, los ntawm txoj kev, lub legendary "Cov neeg raug txim ntawm lub Caucasus" thiab lwm yam Soviet films tau filmed.

Nyob thaum ub, Txoj Kev Silk Me dhau los ntawm qhov chaw no, mus ntawm Gorzuvit (Gurzuf tam sim no) thiab Aluston (Alushta nyob rau niaj hnub nim no) mus rau Kafu (tam sim no Feodosia).ib lub fortress tau tshwm sim raws txoj kev lag luam los tiv thaiv kev lag luam caravans, thiab tib lub sijhawm khaws nyiaj los ntawm lawv rau lub sijhawm dhau mus.

Funa Fortress tau teev tseg raws li ib feem ntawm Orthodox Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm Theodoro, uas tau tawm tsam tas li nrog Genoese thiab Muslims. Qhov chaw ntawm lub fortification yog me me - 56 meters dav thiab 106 meters ntev. Los ntawm sab hnub poob, nws nkag mus rau hauv lub pob zeb, thiab los ntawm tus so nws tau npog los ntawm cov phab ntsa tiv thaiv 15 meters siab. Funa Fortress tau hais thawj zaug hauv 1384. Tab sis nyob rau hauv feem ntau qhov chaw, qhov kawg ntawm kev tsim kho ntawm lub complex yog hnub tim 1422.

Laj dab neeg

Ib qho av qeeg muaj zog uas tshwm sim tam sim tom qab hnub no tau ua rau qhov tseeb tias lub fortress tau pib rov tsim dua nyob rau xyoo 1425. Tab sis cov kev xeem tsis dhau. Thiab lub tshuab ntawm cov ntsiab lus tau hloov los ntawm kev rov ua hluav taws, txhua lub sij hawm cia li incinerating Funa fortress. Nyob rau hauv 1459, ib tug tseem ceeb reconstruction twb nqa tawm nyob rau hauv lub tsev, uas hloov cov qauv no mus rau hauv lub tsev fuabtais. Tom qab ntawd, ib tug donjon tau ua nyob rau ntawm lub rooj vag nkag nyob rau hauv peb tiers nrog ib tug siab ntawm 15 meters thiab ib phab ntsa thickness ntawm 2.3 meters. Nws muaj cov chav tsev ntawm tus qub txeeg qub teg ntawm Theodoria.

Xyoo 1475 lub fortress tau rov puas lawm, lub sijhawm no los ntawm Ottoman Turks. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog lub tuam tsev mob siab rau Theodore Stratilates - cov neeg dawb huv thiab zoo tub rog ntawm lub sij hawm ntawm Byzantine huab tais Constantine I, nicknamed lub Great. Tom qab ntawd, xyoo 1475, Crimea raug ntes los ntawm Turks, uas thaum kawg rhuav tshem Funa fortress. Thiab tag nrho cov neeg hauv zos tau tawm ntawm qhov chaw no tom qab qhov xwm txheej loj uas tau tshwm sim xyoo 1894tawg uas faus lub koob meej ntawm lub complex.

Tam sim no lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv keeb kwm cuab yeej cuab tam ntawm cov cuab yeej cuab tam ntawm Funsk fortress yog ua si los ntawm cov ruins ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm St. Theodore Stratilat, qhov zoo tshaj plaws khaws cia thaum lub sij hawm tawm tsam ntawm Ottoman Turks. Lub tsev teev ntuj tau rov ua dua thiab kho dua tshiab, yog li ntawd nws muaj mus txog thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th.

Tsis deb ntawm qhov ruins yog qhov hu ua blocky chaos nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov pob zeb pob zeb, pob zeb ntawm ntau qhov ntau thiab tsawg. Qhov no yog cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj ntawm ob qho tib si muaj zog tawg ntawm 1894 thiab tom qab me me-scale cataclysms. Yog li, kev puas tsuaj loj heev rau qhov seem ntawm cov qauv yog tshwm sim los ntawm Y alta av qeeg xyoo 1927.

Archaeological nrhiav

Thaum lub sijhawm excavations ntawm complex, archaeologists pom amulets nyob rau hauv lub masonry phab ntsa. Cov neeg tsim ntawm lub fortress nyob rau hauv masonry, feem ntau yuav tiv thaiv tawm tsam tsaus nti rog, tau walled li crosses nrog cov relics ntawm cov ntseeg. Ib lub pob zeb marble kuj pom nrog hnub tsim cov qauv thiab cov cim tseem ceeb ntawm Theodoro. Daim ntawv theej ntawm qhov kev pom no tau teeb tsa rau pem hauv ntej ntawm qhov nkag.

Tom qab kev ntes ntawm Crimea los ntawm Nazi invaders, kev khawb loj loj tau teeb tsa los ntawm cov lus dab neeg hauv zos txog poj huab tais ntawm Goths thiab cov khoom muaj nqis ntawm Gothic crown muab zais hauv cov chaw no. Lawv tsis tau ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb, tab sis cov lus dab neeg ntawm lub faus crown tseem muaj sia nyob.

xeev tam sim no

Hnub no, lub fortress Funa yog kev puas tsuaj, uas yog ib pawg pob zeb ntawm qhov chaw ntawm ob-zaj dab neeglub tsev teev ntuj, pem hauv ntej vaj thiab tag nrho Funa nrog cov khw ntawm cov tub lag luam, taverns thiab cov tsev nyob. Tsuas yog ib feem ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj apse, dai hla ib lub vaj loj ntawm txoj kev, nco txog lub qub zog ntawm lub fortification. Saib nyob ib ncig ntawm lub ruins, ib tug yooj yim xav txog tej yam lub teev ntawm kev tsim kho thiab lub zog ntawm lub fortification, qhov dav ntawm cov phab ntsa uas nyob rau hauv tej qhov chaw mus txog ob meters.

Ib lub voj voog ib puag ncig yog pom saum cov ruins - lub apse, uas ib zaug ua lub thaj ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj fortress. Lub thaj tau xyaum ua haujlwm kom txog rau thaum peb caug xyoo dhau los. Nyob ze yog cov tsev nyob, qhov chaw uas tam sim no tsuas muaj ib pawg pob zeb. Txog peb puas meters sab qaum teb ntawm cov ruins yog cov faus neeg ntawm lub zos thiab Funa fortress.

museum work

Hnub no, ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub fortress qub, muaj ib lub tsev cia puav pheej qhib. Ntawm nws thaj chaw, cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws tau txais tos los ntawm tus qauv qhia pom ntawm lub fortress tam sim no. Tours raug teeb tsa ntawm no los ntawm yuav luag txhua lub nroog ntawm Crimea. Tus nqi ntawm kev mus ncig ua si ncig thaj chaw ntawm lub tsev cia puav pheej qhib yog qhov qis tshaj. Taug kev ntawm cov pob zeb nyob sib ze yog dawb. Tsev khaws puav pheej qhib thaum 8:00 txog 17:00.

Funa Fortress: yuav ua li cas mus txog qhov ntawd?

Qhov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb ntawm Funa yog nws txoj kev nkag mus rau cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws. Cov neeg ncig tebchaws hla los ntawm nws, taug kev los ntawm Simferopol mus rau Alushta. Kev nres ntawm txoj kev, tsuas yog ib teev thiab ib nrab koj tuaj yeem pom cov ruins uas lub fortress medieval ntawm Funa tso tseg. Diam duab rau nco nyob rau hauv keeb kwm ntawm lub nto moo Crimean sightsyuav tsum nyob hauv koj qhov album.

Qhov no nthuav monument ntawm archaeology thiab medieval architecture nyob rau sab qaum teb ntawm lub zos Radiant, txog ob kilometers deb. Koj tuaj yeem mus rau qhov ntawd los ntawm sab ntawm Alushta los ntawm lub tsheb npav ib txwm los ntawm lub nroog chaw nres tsheb npav. Los ntawm Radiant sab, me ntsis qis dua tus ciav Kutuzovsky, muaj txoj kev asph alt. Koj tuaj yeem taug kev los ntawm tsheb. Los ntawm txoj kev, hauv Radiant nws tus kheej muaj lub sijhawm los caij nees. Ntau lub tuam txhab npaj cov kev ncig xyuas no.