Oranienbaum

2024 Tus sau: Harold Hamphrey | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:14

Nrog lub tebchaws nyob hauv thaj chaw sab qaum teb Palmyra, Oranienbaum sawv tawm. Nws qhov kev pom tau suav nrog hauv kev kos duab, tsim los ntawm kev tshoov siab los ntawm cov kws kos duab nto moo, cov neeg txawj ntse, cov neeg pleev kob thiab cov kws ua yeeb yam thiab cov khoom siv tes ua ntawm xyoo pua 18th thiab tuav ib qho chaw tshwj xeeb hauv keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab thiab ntiaj teb kab lis kev cai.

Xyoo 1707, cov av nyob ze ntawm qhov sib txuas ntawm Karasta River mus rau Gulf of Finland tau tso cai los ntawm Peter I (emperor) rau nws tus khub Alexander Menshikov, uas nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd yog tus tswv xeev ntawm Ingermanland, uas tau muab rau Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws thaum kawg ntawm lub Northern War. Los ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm tus huab tais nyiam, ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Kotlin Island, architects G. Shedel thiab D. Fontana txhim tsa Grand Palace, uas yog qhov ua tau zoo tsis yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau huab tais lub palace hauv Peterhof. Lub Vaj Lower Regular Garden, ib qho ntawm thawj zaug hauv Russia, kuj tau tsim los ntawm no. Nyob ib ncig ntawm lub teb chaws nyob ntawm Alexander Menshikov, uas nws hu ua Oranienbaum,ib lub palace kev sib hais haum ntawm tib lub npe tshwm sim.

Lub hauv paus ntawm lub npe txawv txawv yog sim piav qhia los ntawm ntau qhov sib txawv. Ib qho ntawm cov lus dab neeg hais tias thaum lub sijhawm nyiam ntawm Peter kuv muaj lub tsev cog qoob loo txiv kab ntxwv (Oranienbaum hauv German txhais tau tias tsob txiv kab ntxwv). Nyob rau ntawm terraces thiab qhib staircases ntawm Grand Palace nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov, xav paub ntxiv rau sab qaum teb tau nthuav tawm hauv tubs - evergreens ntawm genus citrus.

History of Residence

Nyob hauv keeb kwm ntawm ntau tshaj 300 xyoo, qhov chaw nyob tau hloov ntau tus tswv, thiab kev sib hais haum tau txais cov xwm txheej ntawm lub nroog.

Nyob rau xyoo 1743 qhov chaw nyob tau muab khoom plig rau Peter III, uas tau nce lub zwm txwv hauv xyoo 1761. Tom qab lub palace coup xyoo 1762, lub palace tau tsim rau Catherine II hauv Oranienbaum, uas tau suav nrog hauv "Own Dacha" complex. Cov tuam tsev ntawm nws lub tsev tau dhau los ua cov piv txwv ntawm rococo architectural style nthuav tawm hauv Russia.

Txij li xyoo 1796, lub tebchaws nyob yog cov cuab yeej cuab tam ntawm tsev neeg imperial thiab dhau mus rau lwm tiam neeg. Ua ntej lub kiv puag ncig, nws cov tswv kawg yog Dukes ntawm Mecklenburg-Strelitz.

Tom qab cov xwm txheej ntawm xyoo 1917, ib feem ntawm cov tuam tsev ntawm keeb kwm thiab vaj tsev monument raug xa mus rau Forest College raws li thaj chaw ntawm Oranienbaum. Tsev khaws puav pheej tau qhib hauv qee lub tsev, tshwj xeeb hauv Suav. Nyob rau hauv 1948 lub nroog tau renamed Lomonosov. "Oranienbaum" (raws li lub npe) tau khaws cia tsuas yog tom qab lub keeb kwm complex. Lub luag haujlwm ntawm lub npe ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb loj hauv Lavxias rau lub nroog tsis tshwm sim los ntawm lub sijhawm. Tsis deb ntawm no, nyob rau hauv lub zos ntawm Ust-Ruditsa, muaj nws cov qub txeeg qub tes, thiab ib chav kuaj rau kev npaj cov xim iav.

Nyob rau lub sijhawm tom qab tsov rog, Oranienbaum poob rau hauv kev puas tsuaj, nws txoj kev kho mob hnyav pib tsuas yog thaum 90s lig.

Hauv xyoo 2007, qhov chaw tshwj xeeb tau qhia rau hauv Peterhof State Tsev khaws puav pheej-Reserve. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias nyob rau hauv lub suburbs ntawm St. Petersburg tsuas yog ib tug uas tsis tau puas thaum lub sij hawm lub ntiaj teb no ua tsov ua rog II thiab khaws nws cov keeb kwm authenticity yog lub keeb kwm thiab architectural pawg "Oranienbaum", lub sights uas ua kom tiav cov series ntawm cov neeg sawv cev chaw nyob. txoj kev Peterhof.

Architectural thiab toj roob hauv pes complex

Lub palaces thiab chaw ua si ntawm Oranienbaum ua peb lub suab paj nruag uas tau tsim thaum xyoo pua 18th. Antonio Rinaldi tau ua lub luag haujlwm tshwj xeeb hauv lawv cov kev tsim. Tus yam ntxwv ntawm tus kws kes duab vajtse Italian tau txawv los ntawm kev xav txog kev xav, cuam tshuam nrog kev saib xyuas. Hauv Oranienbaum, nws cov haujlwm yog Suav Palace, Opera House, Palace ntawm Peter III thiab Rolling Hill.

Txhua qhov chaw ua si ua rau muaj qhov tshwj xeeb, uas tau muab faib ua Lub Vaj Lower nrog Menshikov Palace thiab Upper Park nrog nws ntau keeb kwm monuments.

Unique vaj tse ntawm Peter the Great era

Kev tsim kho ntawm Grand Palace thiab tsim lub tiaj ua si qis nyob ib puag ncig nws, qhov tshwj xeeb uas yog kev sib koom ua vaj tsev thiab kos duab, yog qhov pib ntawm kev tsim cov complex. Oranienbaum. Cov kev pom ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub tsev tsim vaj tsev, ntxiv rau Menshikov Palace, suav nrog Catherine Tsev, Monplaisir Palace, Marly Palace, Hiav Txwv Canal thiab cov chaw zoo nkauj tshaj plaws ntawm cov ciav dej.

Txhua tus tau muaj sia nyob rau peb lub sijhawm. Lub Grand Palace nws tus kheej, txawm hais tias rov hloov dua, tsis tau hloov nws qhov tsos ntau. Nws yeej ib txwm nyob ze rau nws tus qauv tsim, uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm los txheeb xyuas nws ntawm cov kev tsim tshwj xeeb ntawm Petrine era.

Landscape Art

Nyob rau hauv toj roob hauv pes kos duab ntawm lub sij hawm ntawd, lawv twb sim deviate los ntawm cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua vaj. Thaum tsim Upper Park, Rinaldi tau tswj kom ua tiav kev hloov pauv ntawm ib qho ntawm nws qhov chaw mus rau lwm qhov. Tus kws txawj ntse coj mus rau hauv tus account lub peculiarities ntawm picturesque cheeb tsam uas distinguishes Oranienbaum. Lub tiaj ua si, suav nrog Tus Kheej Dacha thiab Petershtad Ensemble, tau muab tso rau hauv ib qho. Nws tsis muaj cov kab nruj, zoo nkauj trimmed ntoo crowns, tus yam ntxwv ntawm ib tug tsis tu ncua layout. Ntawm qhov tod tes, kev sib haum xeeb kev sib haum xeeb tau pom meej meej, nyob rau hauv uas cov qauv geometric nyuaj ntawm cov chaw ua si, cov chaw ua si, cov dej labyrinth ntawm cov pas dej thiab cov pas dej cuav txuas nrog cov kab, kev tawm tsam ntawm cov tsiaj qus thiab cov vaj tse tshwj xeeb tau sib koom ua ke. Lub tom kawg yog sawv cev los ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm rococo style nrog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm classicism.

Kev tsim qauv. Synthesis of beauty and expediency

Ib qho tshwj xeeb ntawm Upper Park yog tias nws qhov kev teeb tsa thiab kev tsim ntawm txhua tus qauv hauv nws yog tsim los ntawm ib qhotus kws kes duab vajtse. Kev kos duab tsim ntawm Rinaldi ua ke cov khawv koob ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm kev zoo nkauj thiab kev ua tiav. Kev sib xyaw ntawm cov qauv sib txawv hauv décor, kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov qauv kev niaj hnub thiab toj roob hauv pes, kev koom tes sib npaug ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm ob qho kev qhia txawv ntawm Oranienbaum, qhov pom ntawm kev sib haum xeeb sib koom ua ke rau hauv ib qho tag nrho nrog cov toj roob hauv pes, tawm tsam nrog lawv txoj kev zoo nkauj thiab zoo nkauj.

Architectural thiab artistic ensembles ntawm lub tiaj ua si

Nyob rau hauv qhov tob ntawm Upper Park, Suav Palace qhib, uas yog ib feem ntawm tus kheej Dacha complex. Interestingly, lub tsev yog Ameslikas hu ua "Dutch lub tsev". Lub npe tshiab tau tshwm sim tom qab thiab muaj feem ntau vim yog kev zam rau "Suav". Kev kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm lub tsev sab hauv ntawm lub palace yog ua raws li tus ntsuj plig ntawm Suav thiab Japanese kos duab.

Tus Kheej Dacha complex kuj suav nrog lub npe nrov Pergola arbor, muaj 54 pylons thiab pob zeb staircase nqis los rau hauv dej ntawm lub pas dej. Nws tau tsim nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua puv 19 thiab yog ib qho zoo nkauj kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm lub vaj thiab vaj tsev architecture ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd. Lub pergola tau tsim tsa rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm Lub Tsev Kas Fes, uas tsis tau coj los ntawm Rinaldi.

Txoj kev nyiam yog Rolling Hill, uas yog qhov chaw ua si loj heev. Ntawm no, cov courtiers muaj kev lom zem caij cov dej khov slides, mus ib tug tom qab lwm yam thiab ua ib tug ntev ntawm 532 meters. Hmoob kev lom zem kuj muaj nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov.

Lub tsev "Stone Hall" tej zaum yog npaj rau kev hais kwv txhiaj. Tam sim no nws muaj kev sib tham sib xinesmas thiabexhibition ntawm sab hauv thiab chaw ua si duab puab.

Nyob hauv lub tiaj ua si Upper koj tuaj yeem pom Cavalier Corps, Lub Rooj vag Honour, lub pavilion hu ua "Suav zaub mov".

YPetrovsky Park

Petrovsky Park yog lwm qhov tsim ntawm Rinaldi. Nws layout tau ua nrog kev koom tes ntawm tus tswv Lamberti. Thaum nws tau tsim los ntawm lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm Italian lub vaj, cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev coj ua tsis tu ncua kuj tau siv. Ntau cov cascades, terraces yog interspersed nrog me me pavilions, uas yog ob-zaj dab neeg Hermitage, Solovyov lub gazebo, Suav tsev.

Tam sim no Petrovsky Park tau ua hauv toj roob hauv pes style. Nws lub hauv paus muaj pes tsawg leeg yog Karasta River, Upper thiab Lower Ponds.

Yuav mus rau Oranienbaum?

Royal residences nyob ib ncig ntawm St. Petersburg yog suav nrog ntau yam kev mus ncig ua si. Koj tuaj yeem mus ntsib lawv ntawm koj tus kheej, yog tias koj paub ua ntej yuav mus txog qhov ntawd.

Oranienbaum nyob hauv lub nroog Lomonosov, nyob 40 mais ntawm sab qaum teb lub nroog. Txoj kev zoo tshaj plaws los ntawm no yog los ntawm sab qab teb sab hnub tuaj ntawm lub nroog. Yog li, koj tuaj yeem tau txais mus rau Oranienbaum railway chaw nres tsheb (hauv Lomonosov) los ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb loj Avtovo los ntawm minibus K-424a, tsheb npav 200; los ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb "Prospect Veteranov" - los ntawm lub npav 343. Cov tsheb ciav hlau hluav taws xob tawm tsis tu ncua los ntawm Chaw Nres Nkoj B altiysky mus rau Lomonosov.

Thaum ntxov, nws tuaj yeem tau txais los ntawm Kronstadt mus rau lub tsev cia puav pheej-reserve los ntawm ferry, tam sim no nws yooj yim dua los ntawm tsheb npav No. 175.

Portable travel guide

Muaj daim duab qhia chaw ntawm qhov nkag mus rau lub tiaj ua sinrog rau qhov chaw tseem ceeb uas Oranienbaum nto moo rau. Daim duab ntawm txoj kev npaj yav tom ntej yuav pab npaj koj qhov kev mus ncig kom raug. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum xyuam xim rau cov lus qhia rau rub tawm phau ntawv qhia nqa mus rau lub tiaj ua si - qhov no yog daim ntawv thov hluav taws xob "Park Oranienbaum". Nws muaj cov phiaj xwm, lub tsho tiv no ntawm caj npab, cov ntaub ntawv hais txog keeb kwm ntawm qhov nyuaj thiab cov yeeb yaj kiab luv luv.