Lub yees ntawm Moscow Kremlin: keeb kwm ntev

2024 Tus sau: Harold Hamphrey | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:14

keeb kwm ntawm Moscow Kremlin hnub rov qab mus rau nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua kaum ib, thaum thawj lub fortifications tau ua rau ntawm Borovitsky Hill, vaguely zoo li fortification barriers. Thawj lub sijhawm hais txog cov qauv no hnub rov qab mus rau 1147. Thiab nyob rau hauv 1238, lub Tatar-Mongol ntxeem tau razed fragile lug rau hauv av. Tom qab ntawd, los ntawm 1264 ntawm qhov chaw ntawm Moscow Kremlin, tshwj xeeb princes ntawm Moscow nyob. Lub Kremlin tau tsim kho dua tshiab los tiv thaiv cov vaj ntxwv vaj tsev nyob. Cov yees ntawm Moscow Kremlin tau tsim los ntawm cov ntoo qhib xaiv, tab sis cov tsev ntoo tau nyob luv luv, feem ntau hlawv thiab rhuav tshem los ntawm dej nyab.

Pib txij xyoo 1367, los ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm Tub Vaj Ntxwv Dmitry Donskoy, Kremlin tau pib rov ua dua tshiab hauv pob zeb dawb. Nyob rau hauv lub annals ntawm lub sij hawm, Moscow yog hu ua "dawb-pob zeb". Txawm li cas los xij, lub pob zeb tau dhau los ua cov khoom tawg yooj yim, tsis tuaj yeem tiv thaiv dej nyab, lub hauv paus "floated" thiab tsoo. Thaum kawg, nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 15th, ib pab pawg neeg ntawm Italian architects coj los ntawm Antonio Solari tau tsim ib tug tshiab Moscow Kremlin, raws li ib tug tub rog engineering qauv, ib tug fortress ntawm unprecedented hwj chim, ib tug impregnable citadel. khoomliab ci cib raug xaiv, thiab cov yees ntawm Moscow Kremlin pib tig los ntawm dawb mus rau liab-xim av.

Kev tsim kho txuas ntxiv mus txog 1495. Nees nkaum yees tau ua - plaub mus ncig thiab kaum rau fortifications. Cov yees tau txuas nrog nees nkaum kev sib ntaus sib tua nrog cov qhov khoob. Raws li tag nrho ntev ntawm phab ntsa muaj "kev sib ntaus sib tua", uas cov tub rog tuaj yeem txav mus los ntawm pej thuam mus rau pej thuam. Niaj hnub no lub Moscow Kremlin tsis txawv ntawm ib tug ua rau puas xyoo dhau los. Tib lub yees thiab tib phab ntsa. Tsuas yog nws tsis ua lub fortress los tiv thaiv cov yeeb ncuab tawm tsam, tab sis yog ib qho chaw zoo nkauj ntawm kev kos duab thiab keeb kwm muaj nuj nqis.

Lub Moscow Kremlin tau tsim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib daim duab peb sab tsis xwm yeem, ib sab ntawm uas, sab hnub tuaj, ntsib Red Square. Tag nrho cov yees ntawm Moscow Kremlin koom ua ke rau hauv ib qho. Lub ntsiab pej thuam - Spasskaya - nyob ib sab mus rau Pokrovsky Cathedral. Nyob rau ntawm qhov kawg ntawm Red Square, rov qab lub Tsev khaws puav pheej Keeb Kwm, yog Nikolskaya Passage Ntauwd. Raws li Alexander Garden stretches sab qaum teb sab hnub poob ntawm lub Kremlin. Thiab lub ces kaum Vodovzvodnaya Ntauwd muab nce mus rau Moskvoretskaya kab yav qab teb, xaus ntawm lub Beklemishevskaya puag ncig pej thuam. Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub Alexander Kab yog lub thib ob loj tshaj plaws Troitskaya Ntauwd, uas yog txuas nrog lub Kutafya Ntauwd los ntawm ib tug nyias muaj nyias ib ceg ntawm lub dav dav ntawm lub Kremlin. Qee cov yees ntawm Moscow Kremlin muaj cov ntawv zais cia hauv av.

Hauv thaj chaw sab hauv yog cov tsev teev ntuj ntawm Moscow Kremlin, nyob ntawm lub tsev teev ntujcheeb tsam. Tsuas muaj peb leeg xwb. Cathedral ntawm lub Dormition, qhov twg Lavxias teb sab tsars tau ib zaug crowned thiab nyob rau hauv qhov chaw uas lub ordination ceremonies ntawm lub siab tshaj plaws Lavxias teb sab txiv plig tau tuav. Qhov kawg yuav tsum tau crowned nyob rau hauv lub Assumption Cathedral yog Tsar Nicholas II nyob rau hauv 1886. Lub tsev teev ntuj tau tsim nyob rau hauv 1479 los ntawm tus kws kes duab vajtse Fioravanti Aristotle. Lub Assumption Cathedral raug nyiag thiab sim ua kom puas los ntawm Napoleon cov tub rog hauv xyoo 1812. Ib puas xyoo tom qab ntawd, lub tsev teev ntuj raug puas tsuaj thaum lub sij hawm kev tawm tsam ntawm 1917.

Tseem nyob rau ntawm Cathedral Square ntawm Moscow Kremlin yog lub Cathedral ntawm Annunciation, ua nyob rau hauv 1489 los ntawm Pskov architects. Lub tsev teev ntuj tau xeeb los ua ib lub tsev teev ntuj loj-ducal thiab tau ntev tau ua lub tuam tsev rau cov huab tais Moscow. Nws yog nto moo rau lub qub rooj iconostasis, lub icons uas tau pleev xim los ntawm Andrei Rublev thiab Feofan lub Greek. Lub Annunciation Cathedral kuj raug puas tsuaj loj heev thaum Kremlin raug foob pob hluav taws hauv xyoo 1917.

Nyob rau hauv tib qhov chaw ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj square, Archangel Cathedral, ua nyob rau hauv 1509 nyob rau hauv lub site ntawm lub qub Archangel Cathedral ua nyob rau hauv 1333, attracts mloog nrog nws zoo kawg li architecture. Nyob rau hauv lub dhau los, lub cathedral yog lub qhov ntxa ntawm cov kav Moscow; nws muaj ib tug necropolis. Muaj tsib caug-plaub faus hauv lub tsev teev ntuj. Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich thiab Ivan Kalita, Ivan the Terrible thiab Mikhail Fedorovich. Xyoo 1929, cov seem ntawm cov ntxhais huabtais thiab poj huab tais ntawm Ascension Monastery raug xa mus rau lub tsev teev ntuj. Tag nrho cov Kremlin lub tsev teev ntuj tab tom ua haujlwm tam sim no thiab txawm tias nqa lub tsev khaws puav pheej thiab cov khoom nthuav tawm thaum mus ntsib lawv los ntawm pawg neeg sawv cev.

Nyob hauv Moscow Kremlin muaj Armory - lub tsev khaws puav pheej loj thiab tseem ceeb heev nrog kev sau dav dav ntawm cov khoom pov thawj tsawg kawg ntawm 17th-20th centuries. Ntau lub exhibition halls paub cov neeg tuaj saib nrog lub neej thiab tus kheej lub neej ntawm Lavxias teb sab tsars. Carriages rau ceremonial departures thiab yooj yim carriages, nees harness nrog silver notches, nees harness, muaj koob muaj npe tableware, silverware, sets, txhiab thiab txhiab yam khoom ntawm lub sij hawm ntawd. Lub Armory tseem muaj cov khoom sau los ntawm lub tsev hais plaub nto moo Carl Faberge. Faberge Easter qe tau nthuav tawm nyob rau hauv ib qho kev nthuav qhia.