Dolmabahce Palace hauv Istanbul

2024 Tus sau: Harold Hamphrey | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:14

Lub Dolmabahce Palace hauv Istanbul yog qhov chaw zoo kawg nkaus uas ua kom zoo nkauj Bosphorus. Qhov piv txwv zoo nkauj ntawm lub tsev no qhia cov neeg tuaj ncig xyuas seb lub palace yuav tsum zoo li cas nrog tag nrho nws cov tsos. Txhua yam nyob rau hauv nws thiab ib ncig ntawm lub tsev yog elegant thiab nyob raws li nws lub npe. Hauv lus Turkish, lo lus "dolmabahce" txhais tau tias "tag nrho lub vaj." Qhov tseeb, lub tsev no muaj ntau yam khoom kim heev oriental thiab nyiaj txiag European.

Cov neeg ncig tebchaws muaj lus nug thawj zaug thaum lawv nyob hauv Istanbul: Yuav ua li cas mus rau Dolmabahce Palace? Kev xyaum ntawm cov neeg taug kev uas tau mus ncig ua si qhia tau hais tias qhov no tsis yooj yim ua. Nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia ntawm lub palace, muaj ib tug high-ceev tram T1. Nws qhov kawg nres yog hu ua "Kabatash". Los ntawm qhov ntawd, txoj kev mus rau lub mosque, uas tsis tuaj yeem nco. Tsis tas li ntawd koj tuaj yeem pom cov rooj vag ntawm lub palace. Ib txhia nyiam taug kev los ntawm ferry, caij nkoj mus rau Kabatash pier.

Muaj lwm txoj hauv kev mus rau Dolmabahce Palace. Lub funicular khiav los ntawm Taksim Square, uas kuj muaj qhov nres"Kabatash". Ntawd yog, nws yog qhov tseeb rau cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws uasi, tsis hais txog txoj kev xaiv, qhov kawg taw tes yog qhov nres lossis Kabatash pier.

Keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim lub palace

Thaj chaw bay siv los ntawm tub rog thaum Ahmed kav tau hloov mus ua vaj. Lub Besiktas Palace tau tsim nyob rau thaj chaw no. Vim muaj hluav taws kub nyhiab heev, nws muaj qhov tsis zoo.

Ob centuries tom qab, lub 31st Sultan ntawm lub Ottoman Empire Abdulmejid xaiv qhov chaw ntawm lub puas Besiktas rau kev tsim kho ntawm ib tug loj palace complex. Nws cov phiaj xwm suav nrog kev txav tsoomfwv tawm ntawm Topkapı Palace, uas yog qhov chaw nyob ntawm huab tais plaub caug xyoo. Abdul-Mejid tus tij laug Abdulaziz tau los ua tus kav thib ob nyob hauv lub tsev no. Sultan Abdul-Hamid II tso nws thiab kav lub tebchaws Ottoman los ntawm Yildiz Palace.

Cov tsev neeg imperial rov qab mus rau Dolmabahce Palace hauv Istanbul thaum lub sijhawm kav Mehmed V (1909-1918). Nws yog los ntawm no uas lub xeem Ottoman Sultan Mehmed VI raug ntiab tawm mus rau Paris. Qhov kev tshwm sim no tau ua ntej los ntawm kev tshem tawm ntawm Sultanate hauv 1921 los ntawm National Assembly ntawm Qaib Cov Txwv. Caliph Abdul-Mejit Efendi tseem nyob hauv lub palace kom txog thaum Caliphate raug tshem tawm hauv 1924. Ib txhia ntawm nws tus kheej paintings tseem adorn lub phab ntsa ntawm lub monumental qauv niaj hnub no.

Mustafa Kemal Atatürk yog thawj tus Thawj Kav Tebchaws ntawm Tebchaws Turkey. Nws tau txais cov qhua txawv teb chaws ntawm Dolmabahce Palace thaum nws mus ncig rau Istanbul. Nyob nruab nrab ntawm 1927 thiab 1949 nws tau siv los ua tus thawj tswj hwmthiab lub rooj zaum ntawm lub koom pheej tshiab. Nyob rau hauv 1952, lub restoration ua tiav nyob rau hauv lub palace. Tom qab ntawd, lub palace ntawm Ottoman sultans - Dolmabahce Palace - los ua ib lub tsev cia puav pheej.

Txij thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 2007, nws tau nyob hauv qhov chaw nyob ntawm Thawj Fwm Tsav Tebchaws. Thaj chaw niaj hnub no tuaj yeem nkag mus tau los ntawm Lub Rooj vag Nyiaj Txiag. Hnub Tuesday tav su thaum lub caij ntuj sov, cov tub rog ntaus suab paj nruag ua si hauv lub palace.

Architectural nta

Hauv kev sib piv rau qhov tseeb Ottoman txoj hauv kev ntawm lub neej nyob rau hauv Topkapi Palace, txoj kev ua neej ntawm Sultan thiab nws tsev neeg tau los ua European nyob rau ntau pua xyoo tom ntej, uas tau tshwm sim hauv lub tsev ua haujlwm. Tus nqi ntawm qhov chaw nyob yog siab heev. Kev tsim kho pib xyoo 1843 los ntawm tus kws kos duab Karapet Balyan thiab ua tiav xyoo 1856 los ntawm nws tus tub Nigogos Balyan. Cov tsev neeg Armenian Balyan tau paub tias yog ib lub dynasty ntawm lig Ottoman architects.

Tus qauv ntawm lub tsev tau khaws cia hauv nws daim ntawv qub. Tag nrho cov complex npog thaj tsam ntawm 110,000 m2. Ntawm nws thaj chaw, cov qauv vaj tsev sib xyaw tau siv: baroque, rococo thiab neoclassical, uas tseem cuam tshuam txog kev ua neej nyob hauv Ottoman. Cov qauv peb-zaj dab neeg, suav nrog hauv qab daus, muaj ob lub ntsiab nkag thiab tsib lub rooj vag ntawm ntug hiav txwv.

Daim duab ntawm Dolmabahce Palace tau nthuav tawm saum toj no. Nws yog nto moo rau nws symmetrical tsim thiab kho kom zoo nkauj. Lub ceremonial thiab harem halls ntawm lub tsev loj muaj cais rear vaj tiv thaiv los ntawm siab phab ntsa.

YPalace complex

Lub palace complex muaj ib pab pawg neeg pab vaj tse thiabib phab ntsa sab hauv lub palace raws li 700 m ntev waterfront. Nws yog Ameslikas siv los ntawm sultans los saib cov tub rog parades thiab lawv cov ntsiab lus. Lub pavilion ua haujlwm ua "qhov muag" ntawm lub palace saib lub ntiaj teb sab nraud.

Tseem muaj ib lub tsev me me ua rau xyoo 19th rau Sultan cov noog. Cais, muaj ib lub chaw zov me nyuam, chav ua noj me me, chav tsev ntawm tus thawj eunuch thiab cov ntaub pua plag rhiav.

Lub Rooj Tuav Nyiaj Txiag (Khazin Kapi) thiab Imperial Gate (Kapi Sultanate) yog qhov nkag mus rau cov tsev tswj hwm. Nyob ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv muaj tsib lub rooj vag loj los ntsib cov neeg tuaj txog ntawm dej. Cov neeg ncig teb chaw nkag mus rau lub palace yog nyob ib sab ntawm lub moos ornate.

Cov neeg ncig tebchaws tuaj yeem pom sab hauv lub palace nrog cov lus qhia. Kev ncig xyuas tag nrho ntawm lub palace yuav siv sijhawm 2 teev. Txawm li cas los xij, cov neeg taug kev tsis kawm tag nrho keeb kwm ntawm Dolmabahce Palace ib zaug. Tsis tas li ntawd, koj yuav tsis tuaj yeem pom txhua qhov pom. Hnub Mondays thiab Thursdays lub qhov rooj ntawm lub complex raug kaw. Cov sijhawm qhib ntawm Dolmabahce Palace nyob rau lwm hnub ntawm lub lim tiam ntawm 9.00 txog 16.00.

Palace Museum

Lub tsev zoo nkauj no muaj 285 chav, 44 chav me, 4 chav loj, 5 lub tsev loj thiab 68 chav dej. Tag nrho cheeb tsam siv tau ntawm peb-zaj tsev yog 45,000 m2. Cov phab ntsa sab nrauv ntawm cov qauv yog ua los ntawm cov pob zeb, thaum cov phab ntsa sab hauv yog ua los ntawm cib. Yuav kom decorate no txawv txawv thiabLub tsev extravagant coj 14 tons ntawm kub, 6 tons ntawm nyiaj thiab 131 units ntawm xuas tes ua ntaub pua plag. Cov rooj tog thiab cov khoom dai tau raug xa los ntawm Tebchaws Europe raws li kev coj noj coj ua ntawm Ambassador rau Fabkis Ahmed Fethi Pasa. Piv txwv li, vases los ntawm Sevres, txhob lo lo ntxhuav los ntawm Lyon, muaju los ntawm Bacarat thiab candlesticks los ntawm UK, iav los ntawm Venice, thiab chandeliers los ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees.

Lub palace muaj ntau qhov sau ntawm Czech, Lus Askiv thiab Venetian iav thiab siv lead ua. Lub tsev cia puav pheej muaj ntau tshaj 1,000 lub rooj zaum thiab couches hauv ntau hom kev coj los ntawm Tebchaws Europe. Txhua chav ntawm 285 chav muaj 4 cov quav thiab sofas. Qee cov rooj tog zaum tshwj xeeb tau xaj rau Dolmabahce. Lwm tus tau txais khoom plig los ntawm Tuam Tshoj, Is Nrias teb thiab Egypt. Cov rooj tog zaum no tau nthuav tawm hauv cov chav dai kom zoo nkauj nrog cov xim pleev xim rau lub qab nthab thiab mahogany ntoo pem teb. Cov cua sov ntawm lub palace tau pib ua haujlwm nrog kev pab ntawm cov phiaj xwm ceramic thiab qhov cub. Tom qab ntawd (nruab nrab ntawm 1910 thiab 1912) hluav taws xob thiab nruab nrab cua sov tshuab tau teeb tsa.

Administration part

Lub ntsiab kev nyiam neeg ncig tebchaws yog Dolmabahce Palace Tsev khaws puav pheej, uas muaj peb qhov tseem ceeb: Lub Xeev Chav Tsev, Ceremonial Hall thiab Harem. Hauv lub tsev no thawj zaug hauv ib lub tsev muaj cov poj niam thiab txiv neej ib nrab. Feem ntau tours ntawm lub palace muaj ob feem. Ua ntej, cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws tuaj xyuas Selamlik - pej xeem tis, thiab tom qab ntawd - Harem. Hauv kev tswj hwm ntawm lub palace, cov chav "ntseeg" mus rau sab ntug dej hiav txwv. Muaj plaub lub tsev loj nyob rau hauv ob pem teb, txuas nrog lub staircase loj nyob rau hauvcenter.

Dhau los ntawm Lub Vaj Secret mus rau qhov loj Ceremonial Hall nyob rau hauv pem teb, cov neeg tuaj xyuas yuav kov yeej los ntawm kev zoo nkauj ntawm cov khoom dai. Ib qho ntawm cov no yog Czech Baccarat Crystal chandelier loj loj nrog 464 teeb. Nws qhov hnyav yog kwv yees li 4.5 tons. Ua ntej kev teeb tsa hluav taws xob hauv lub palace, cov teeb ci tau noj nrog cov roj ntsha. Lub chandelier yog khoom plig los ntawm poj huab tais Victoria. Lub dome, uas lub chandelier nws tus kheej txuas nrog, muaj qhov siab ntawm 36 m. Dolmabahce Palace muaj cov khoom siv lead ua loj tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb.

Hauv chav tsev kuj tseem muaj cov vases ua hauv Sevres. Muaj plaub lub qhov cub ceramic, ib qho ntawm txhua lub ces kaum. Crystals dai rau lawv, xav txog cov xim sib txawv txhua teev ntawm hnub. Cov kws tshaj lij Fab Kis thiab Italian tau koom nrog hauv kev kho kom zoo nkauj thiab upholstery ntawm lub tsev. Qee lub rooj tog tau tuaj ntawm txawv teb chaws, thaum lwm tus tau ua hauv zos.

Tus Neeg Ua Haujlwm Hall

Tom ntej mus rau Ceremonial hauv Dolmabahce Palace ntawm Bosphorus sab yog lwm qhov chaw zoo nkauj - Tus Neeg Ua Haujlwm. Nws tseem hu ua Secretariat Room lossis Ceramic Room.

chav no muaj cov duab loj tshaj plaws hauv lub palace, pleev xim rau xyoo 1873 los ntawm Italian orientalist Stefano Ussi. Nws qhia txog cov neeg mus rau Mecca los ntawm Istanbul. Daim duab no tau nthuav tawm los ntawm tus kav tebchaws Iziv, Ismail Pasha, rau Sultan Abdulaziz. Ismail Pasha ntsib Ussi thaum qhib Suez Canal hauv 1869 thiab tso siab rau nws ua haujlwm. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau nws, lub palace muaj ib tug sau ntawm paintings Aivazovsky. Nws sau lawv hauv Istanbul thaum nws nyob ntawd ua tus neeg hais plaubtus neeg pleev kob. Muaj nuj nqis heev cov plooj (porcelain vases) tseem khaws cia ntawm no.

Lub monumental siv lead ua staircase nyob rau hauv qhov chaw hu ua imperial staircase. Nws txuas rau pem teb thib ob. Lub baroque staircase yog tsim los ntawm Nigogos Balyan. Luxuriously decorated, nws kuj qhia txog cov tsoos Ottoman style. Baccarat crystals tau siv nyob rau hauv nws tsim. Lub symmetrical thiab elegant tsim ntawm lub tsev nyob ib ncig ntawm lub staircase yog breathtaking.

Hall of Ambassadors

Chav luxurious tshaj plaws hauv lub palace yog Syufer Hall. Nws tseem hu ua Embassy. Nws thiab cov rooj sib tham liab tau siv yav dhau los rau cov rooj sib tham thoob ntiaj teb nrog cov kws tshaj lij thiab cov neeg sawv cev txawv teb chaws. Chav no yog tsim thiab dai kom zoo nkauj symmetrically.

Hauv lub tsev yog qhov thib ob loj tshaj plaws chandelier ntawm Dolmabahce Palace. Lub tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm lub ntiaj teb tsis txawm paub cov piv txwv ntawm cov khoom kim heev. Nws lub qhov rooj siab, tsom iav thiab qhov cub yog nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo nrog lub qab nthab zoo nkauj. Hall of Ambassadors thiab cov chav me nyob ib ncig ntawm nws tau siv los txais thiab lom zem qhua txawv teb chaws.

Cov hauv pem teb yog npog nrog Hereke ntaub pua plag, thiab nws cheeb tsam yog 120 m22. Lub Red Room tau siv los ntawm sultans kom tau txais ambassadors. Chav tsev tau muaj npe tom qab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov ntxoov ntxoo ntawm curtains, uas kuj yog xim ntawm lub hwj chim. Cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub kub thiab cov rooj tog hauv cov xim liab nrog cov xim daj, ua ke nrog lub rooj nyob hauv nruab nrab, tsim kom muaj zog heev. Tsis muaj phab ntsa ua hauv chav. Nws tau txawj ntse dai kom zoo nkauj nrog qhov pom tiag tiag ntawm Istanbul. Cov kab zais tom qab kab hlau rhuavtxuas nrog lub qhov rais loj saib lub Bosphorus.

Harem

Qhov chaw nyob, suav nrog chav khoom kim heev, npog yuav luag ob feem peb ntawm tag nrho Dolmabahce Palace - Harem. Daim duab hauv qab no qhia txog Blue Hall. Nyob rau sab hnub tuaj ntawm lub L-shaped Harem ntawm lub embankment, lub private suites ntawm Sultan, nws niam (Walid Sultan) thiab tsev neeg (Harem-i-Hummain) nyob. Cov tsev nyob ntawm txoj kev yog "nyiam" thiab concubines. Raws li kev npaj vaj tse, qhov no ntawm lub palace yog ua nyob rau hauv Neo-Baroque style. Nws yog decorated nrog European thiab tsoos Turkish qauv. Lub harem tsis sawv hauv qhov chaw sib cais, tab sis txuas nrog Selamlik los ntawm txoj kev ntev ntev. Sab hauv ntawm lub tsev no yog qhov tsis zoo hauv cov khoom kim heev rau kev pom ntawm Selamlik.

Qhov nthuav tshaj plaws ntawm Harem yog Blue Hall (Mavi Salon) thiab Pink Hall (Pembe Salon). Tsis tas li ntawd, cov xim ntawm cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws nyiam nyiam cov chav tsev ntawm Sultan, Sultan Abdulaziz, Sultan Mehmed Reshad thiab Ataturk. Lub Tsev Xiav muaj npe tom qab cov xim ntawm cov rooj tog zaum thiab cov ntaub thaiv. Thaum lub sijhawm kev cai dab qhuas, cov sultans tau tso cai rau hnub so rau hauv cov phab ntsa no rau cov neeg nyob hauv Harem thiab lwm tus neeg ua haujlwm ntawm lub palace. Lub Pink Hall kuj muaj npe tom qab ntxoov ntxoo ntawm phab ntsa. Nws lub qhov rais saib lub Bosphorus. Yog li ntawd, nws yog suav hais tias yog ib lub tsev zoo tshaj plaws hauv lub palace. Nyob rau hauv nws, leej niam ntawm Sultan (Walid Sultan) pheej txais qhua. Atatürk kuj tau siv lub tsev no rau cov neeg paub thiab sib tham.

Tsim nyog pom thaum nyob hauv Istanbul yog Beylerbey Summer Palace. Qhov chaw nyob no tau txib los ntawm Ottoman Sultan Abdulaziz. Beylerbey - ib qho kev zoo siab, nplua nuj, chaw nyob ntawm huab taisnrog ib tug ciav nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab saloon. Lub tsev muaj cov chav luxurious dai kom zoo nkauj nrog Czech siv lead ua chandeliers thiab suav vases. Lub palace feem ntau yog siv los ua tsev qhua rau kev mus xyuas tsev neeg huab tais thiab vaj ntxwv.

Mosque thiab Clock Tsev khaws puav pheej

Lub tsev teev ntuj imperial ua los ntawm Sultan nyob rau sab qab teb ntawm Dolmabahce Palace complex hauv Istanbul. Daim duab hauv qab no yog saib los ntawm Bosphorus.

Kev tsim kho tau ua thaum xyoo 1853 thiab 1855 los ntawm tus kws tsim vaj tsev Nigogos Balyan. Kev kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm lub tsev belongs rau Baroque style. Lub mosque tau siv los ua lub tsev khaws puav pheej naval ntawm xyoo 1948 thiab 1962. Tom qab kev kho dua tshiab hauv xyoo 1966, nws tau qhib rau cov neeg tuaj saib. Tus qauv ntawm lub mosque tau ua tiav kev kho dua tshiab hauv xyoo 2007.

Cov neeg ncig tebchaws yuav txaus siab rau Dolmabahce Clock Tsev khaws puav pheej. Nws yog nyob rau hauv lub qub Inner Treasury lub tsev nyob rau hauv lub harem vaj. Nws nthuav tawm cov kev xaiv tshwj xeeb xuas tes ua cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub uas yog National Watch Collection. Tom qab yim xyoo ntawm kev kho dua tshiab thiab kev saib xyuas, lub tsev khaws puav pheej tau rov qhib rau pej xeem hauv xyoo 2010. Niaj hnub no, 71 watches tau nthuav tawm hauv nws phab ntsa. Qhov kev nthuav qhia kuj tseem muaj cov duab kos duab txawv txawv los ntawm cov tswv ntawm Ottoman Empire.

Ataturk Room

Tus neeg kawg nyob thiab tuag hauv Dolmabahce Palace xyoo 1938 yog Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. Atatürk chav, qhov chaw uas nws tuag, tau siv los ntawm sultans nyob rau lub caij ntuj no ua chav pw. Lub tsev no tau khaws cia rau hauv nws daim ntawv qub. Nws yog dai kom zoo nkaujnyiam rooj tog, paintings thiab moos ntawm Ataturk. Lub simplicity ntawm nws chav yog heev zoo kawg li. Nws xaiv chav zoo tib yam tshaj plaws, piv nrog cov tsev loj tshaj plaws ntawm lub palace.

Cov neeg tuaj saib yuav pom tias txhua lub moos hauv lub palace tau teem rau tib lub sijhawm 9:05. Nws yog thaum cuaj teev thiab tsib feeb uas Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, uas tseem yog tus tsim ntawm Republic of Turkey, tuag. Kom meej meej, nws tuag thaum lub Kaum Ib Hlis 10, 1938. Hnub no paub txog txhua tus pej xeem ntawm Qaib Cov Txwv.