Big Moskvoretsky Choj yog qhov chaw tsim vaj tsev ntawm Moscow

Cov txheej txheem:

Big Moskvoretsky Choj yog qhov chaw tsim vaj tsev ntawm Moscow
Big Moskvoretsky Choj yog qhov chaw tsim vaj tsev ntawm Moscow
Anonim

Txhua lub nroog loj hauv ntiaj teb tau ua rau ntawm ntug dej. Moscow tsis muaj kev zam, nrhiav tau ntawm ntug dej ntawm Moscow River thiab muaj npe tom qab cov hlab ntsha dej. Thawj cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm muaj cov ntaub ntawv qhia txog tias muaj pes tsawg tus dej ntws los ntawm lub nroog. Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv 1926 yog thawj phau ntawv teev cov dej ntws ntawm lub xeev Moscow, nyob rau hauv uas nws tau sau tseg tias muaj 40 tus dej nyob rau hauv ciam teb ntawm Moscow. Ntawm cov no, tsuas yog 23 tus neeg muaj npe, tus so tsis muaj npe. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog tus dej Moscow, Yauza, Neglinka.

Choj hauv Moscow

Raws li kev tsim kho thaj chaw nyob hauv thaj chaw nyob ntawm ntug dej ntws, kev tsim cov choj tau ua, muab kev thauj mus los ntawm thaj chaw nyob. Txawm tias haiv neeg Muscovites tsis tuaj yeem teb tau pes tsawg tus choj nyob hauv Moscow niaj hnub no, vim tias lawv suav nrog kev hla hla, cov choj hla kev tsheb ciav hlau thiab hla hla (cov choj uas hla txoj kev). Tab sis ib qho ntawm kev kho kom zoo nkauj tseem ceeb ntawm lub peev yog embankments thiab 34 txuas hniav txuas tus dej ntug dej.

Loj Moskvoretsky chojdaim ntawv qhia
Loj Moskvoretsky chojdaim ntawv qhia

Cov laus tshaj plaws ntawm lawv: Lefortovsky, Borovitsky thiab Novospassky. Lawv tau ua nyob rau hauv tsarist lub sij hawm thiab tsis tau rebuilt txij thaum ntawd los. Nws ntseeg tau hais tias lub neej kev pab cuam ntawm ib tug choj qauv yog 100 xyoo, tom qab uas tus qauv yog dismantled thiab ib tug tshiab tsim. Qhov no tshwm sim rau ib qho ntawm qhov zoo nkauj tshaj plaws thiab tseem ceeb tshaj plaws - Bolshoi Moskvoretsky Choj.

Historical digression

Thawj tus choj txuas txuas ntawm ntug dej ntawm Moskva River ze ntawm Beklemishevskaya Ntauwd ntawm Kremlin tau tsim xyoo 1498. Lub sijhawm ntawd, Bolshoy Moskvoretsky Choj yog cov qauv ntab. Nws txuas nrog txoj kev Tverskaya thiab Serpukhovskaya. Kev tsim kho cov choj nyob ruaj khov tsis tau ua nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd, txij li thaum cov yeeb ncuab tawm tsam sab qab teb, tus choj ntab ntab tau yooj yim tshem tawm, thiab tus dej yog qhov cuam tshuam ntuj thaiv txoj kev mus rau lub nroog. Thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th, es tsis txhob siv cov ntoo hauv pem teb, tus choj ntoo tau ua rau ntawm pawg 10 meters dav thiab 120.5 meters ntev. Xyoo 1829, thawj qhov kev tsim kho tshiab tau ua tiav, vim tias lub pob zeb bulls thiab peb ntoo arched spans tau teeb tsa.

Tom qab hluav taws kub xyoo 1870, cov ntoo ntoo tau hlawv, thiab ob xyoos tom qab ntawd lawv tau hloov los ntawm cov hlau txuas. Tus choj tshiab tau muaj npe tom qab Moskvoretskaya Txoj Kev hla hauv qab nws. Nws ua haujlwm kom txog rau thaum xyoo 1936, tom qab ntawd tsim lub tsev tshiab.

Moscow - Bolshoi Moskvoretsky Choj
Moscow - Bolshoi Moskvoretsky Choj

Lub Bolshoi Moskvoretsky Choj paub niaj hnub no tau tsim los ntawm tus kws kos duab IG Sardaryan thiab A. V. Shchusev. Kev tsim kho tau ua nyob rau hauv 1937-1938 nyob rau hauv kev taw qhia ntawm engineer V. S. Kirillov.

Architectural nta

Tus Choj Bolshoi Moskvoretsky hauv Moscow yog ib qho loj tshaj plaws hauv Tebchaws Europe. Nrog rau qhov dav ntawm 40 meters, tag nrho qhov ntev ntawm tus choj yog 554 meters. Qhov no yog ib tug monolithic reinforced pob zeb qauv, lub ntsiab ncua ntawm uas yog 95 meters ntev. Nws thaiv txoj kev ntawm tus dej Moscow. Raws li qhov project, qhov ncua sij hawm tau nce siab tshaj theem ntawm lub reservoir, kom cov nkoj dej hla dhau ntawm tus choj

Bolshoy Moskvoretsky
Bolshoy Moskvoretsky

Lub tsheb thauj mus los ntawm txoj kev taug kev los ntawm sab laug lub txhab nyiaj hla mus rau Vasilevsky Spusk ua rau Red Square, ntawm sab xis sab xis ntawm txoj kev hla hla Chuguevsky Choj ua rau Bolshaya Ordynka. Lub ntsiab feature ntawm Moskvoretsky Choj yog tshwj xeeb balconies ua kom, thaum nyob rau ntawm lawv, koj tuaj yeem saib cov kev pom tshwj xeeb ntawm Kremlin thiab Red Square. Pink granite tau siv los tig lub facades thiab balconies, ua tsaug rau lub tsev pib ua kom sib haum xeeb nrog lub tsev tsim vaj tsev ntawm Kremlin.

Image
Image

Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom hauv daim ntawv qhia, Moskvoretsky Choj nyob tsis deb ntawm Spassky Gates. Nyob rau ntawm nws, cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws tuaj yeem qhuas qhov kev pom classic ntawm St. Basil's Cathedral, nyob rau ntawm Red Square, lub embankments ntawm tus dej Moscow: Kremlin, Moskvoretskaya, Sofia. Los ntawm tus choj koj tuaj yeem pom Balchug Hotel, pom zoo nkauj ntawm Zaryadye Park tshiab ua rau ntawm qhov chaw qub Rossiya Hotel.

xov xwm tseeb hais txog tus choj

Nyob rau hauv keeb kwm niaj hnub ntawm Bolshoi Moskvoretsky choj ob zaugmuaj cov xwm txheej tsis txaus ntseeg uas dhau los ua kev poob siab tsis yog rau Russia nkaus xwb. Ib tug ntawm lawv tshwm sim thaum lub sij hawm ntawm perestroika. Tus neeg ua txhaum ntawm qhov kev tshwm sim yog tus tsav los ntawm West Germany - Matthias Rust. Thaum kawg ntawm lub Tsib Hlis 1987, ntawm ib lub dav hlau me me los ntawm Hamburg mus rau Helsinki, tus kws tsav dav hlau tau hloov pauv sai sai thiab hla ciam teb huab cua ntawm Soviet Union yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam los ntawm tus neeg saib xyuas ciam teb. Tom qab ya hla 1,000 km, lub dav hlau tsaws nyab xeeb ntawm Bolshoi Moskvoretsky Choj hauv Moscow. Raws li Rust, nws thawj zaug npaj yuav tsaws ntawm Red Square, tab sis vim muaj neeg coob coob nws tau hloov qhov chaw tsaws.

muaj pes tsawg choj nyob rau hauv Moscow
muaj pes tsawg choj nyob rau hauv Moscow

Qhov xwm txheej thib ob uas ua rau lub ntiaj teb xav tsis thoob xyoo 2015 yog kev tua neeg ntawm ntiaj teb nto moo nom tswv Boris Nemtsov thaum yav tsaus ntuj ntawm Lub Ob Hlis 27th. Tom qab ntawd, muaj cov lus pom zoo kom hloov npe tus choj qauv mus rau Nemtsov Choj. Lub npe no tau kho ntawm cov phooj ywg thiab cov koom nrog ntawm cov nom tswv. Lub cim nco txog tau tsim nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw tua neeg, qhov chaw uas cov neeg tuaj yeem ua haujlwm txhua hnub, thiab Muscovites thiab cov qhua ntawm lub nroog nqa paj tshiab rau qhov chaw ntawm Boris Nemtsov txoj kev tuag.

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