Yog tias koj tab tom mus ncig rau Tebchaws Europe thiab tab tom xav txog dab tsi yuav pom hauv Prague ntawm koj tus kheej, ces Clementinum yuav tsum dhau los ua qhov yuav tsum tau pom nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm kev mus xyuas. Tau kawg, qhov chaw no tsis suav nrog kev mus ncig ua si hauv Prague hauv Lavxias, tab sis txawm tias muaj cov phau ntawv lus Lavxias hauv koj txhais tes, koj yuav txaus siab rau qhov koj pom. Txhawm rau pib, koj tuaj yeem paub koj tus kheej nrog Clementinum nyob rau hauv absentia.
Pearl of Prague
Charles Choj, Old Town Hall, Tyn Palace - tag nrho cov architectural monuments yog undoubtedly txuam nrog amazingly zoo nkauj lub nroog ntawm Czech koom pheej. Tab sis tsis muaj cov lus piav qhia ntawm qhov pom ntawm Prague tuaj yeem ua yam tsis muaj qhov tshwj xeeb architectural complex, piv txwv zoo ntawm qhov zoo nkauj baroque style, zoo siab nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub nroog keeb kwm, tsis deb ntawm Charles Choj. Peb tab tom tham txog Clementinum, lub tuam tsev nto moo ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiabkos duab tsim centuries dhau los los ntawm enigmatic Jesuits.
Lub Hwj Chim Ntawm Tswv Yexus
Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 16th, cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub npe nrov Jesuit txiav txim nyob rau hauv Prague nrog lub teeb tes ntawm Ferdinand kuv, uas yuav tsum tau pab nws nyob rau hauv confronting lub Reformation. Lawv lub tsev yog qub Dominican monastery ntawm St. Clement, ua nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 11th nyob ze ntawm Charles Choj nyob rau hauv lub qub nroog. Nws nyob ntawm no tias cov tswvcuab ntawm kev sib raug zoo tau tsim lub Tsev Kawm Qib Siab Jesuit, uas tau los ua ib qho loj tshaj plaws ntawm nws hom.
Cov neeg Jesuits, siv zog rau kev nthuav dav ntawm kev ntseeg Catholic, loj hlob sai sai thiab nce lawv lub zog. Lawv muab lub tsev teev ntuj me me rau hauv lub tsev loj heev ntawm Baroque cov tsev, tsis muaj qhov zoo tshaj plaws hauv lawv txoj kev zoo nkauj thiab kev zoo nkauj. Kev tsim kho boom txuas ntxiv los ntawm 1622 mus txog rau nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th. Clementinum vam meej nrog rau cov lus txib Jesuit.
Nyob rau xyoo 1622, Clementinum thiab Charles University, suav tias yog ib lub tsev kawm ntawv tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv Czech koom pheej, tau rov los koom ua ke los ntawm Jesuits. Ua ke, cov tsev qiv ntawv colossal tau tsim, uas tau tsim ib lub tsev cais.
Los ntawm 1654, lub tsev kawm ntawv tshiab tau tsim los hu ua Carlo-Ferdinand University kom txog thaum nws tau muab faib ua Czech thiab German nyob rau xyoo 19th.
Dab tsi suav nrog hauv Prague Clementinum complex?
Clementinum hauv Prague tau hloov ntau zaus. Ntau thiab ntau lub tsev tshiab thiab cov tsev teev ntuj tau tsim, lub vaj zoo nkauj tau cog. Tab sis qhov complex no tau mus txog peb hnub nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej zoo heev thiab tam sim no yog qhov piv txwv zoo tshaj plaws ntawm Baroque lig,thib ob hauv qhov ntsuas tom qab lwm qhov chaw keeb kwm loj heev - Prague Castle.
Cov neeg nyiam keeb kwm, architecture thiab kos duab yuav tsum tau mus xyuas cov chaw hauv qab no ntawm no:
- daim iav chapel.
- University Library.
- Astronomy tower.
- Christ the Savior Church.
- Mathematical Museum.
- Meridian chav.
Vim tias muaj qee qhov kev mus ncig ua si hauv Lavxias hauv Prague, txhua tus neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws tau muab ib phau ntawv ua nws hom lus. Thiab txawm nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej no, kev zoo nkauj, kev nplua nuj thiab kev tshav ntuj ntawm thaj chaw qub yuav tsis ploj mus tsawg kawg.
Capella ntawm Virgin Mary
Daim iav Lub Tsev Teev Ntuj, ua rau xyoo 1724, yog kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov cim kev cai dab qhuas thaum ub thiab lub tsev hais plaub zoo nkauj.
Lub tsev teev ntuj tau txais nws lub npe rau kev kho kom zoo nkauj sab hauv. Cov phab ntsa ntawm cov vaj tsev zoo nkauj yog lined nrog iav los ntawm hauv pem teb mus rau qab nthab, thaum lub hemispherical qab nthab stucco kuj muaj cov iav ntsiab lus uas muaj kev cuam tshuam cov hnub qub ntawm marble zoo nkauj hauv pem teb. Tag nrho cov no tsim ib qho kev xav tsis sib xws ntawm infinity thiab lightness ntawm qhov chaw.
Zoo nkauj frescoes ntawm lub qab nthab yog mob siab rau cov xwm txheej hauv phau Vaj Lug Kub Npaiv Npaum ntsig txog Kev Tshaj Tawm ntawm Nkauj xwb. Yav dhau los, nyob rau hauv qhov tob ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj muaj ib tug nplua nuj lub thaj, uas tam sim no hloov lub cev ntawm lub ancient ua hauj lwm ntawm lub lig 18th caug xyoo. Lub tsev teev ntuj muaj lwm lub cev nyob ze rau ntawm qhov nkag. Lub hnub nyoog ntawm qhov txawv tshaj plawsuab paj nruag yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj, vim hais tias nws tau tsim los ntawm masters thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua kaum yim. Nws kuj muaj npe nrov rau qhov tseeb tias nws nco txog Mozart zoo, uas tau ntaus cov cuab yeej no thaum nws nyob hauv Prague.
Vim nws cov khoom tsis muaj suab nrov, lub tsev teev ntuj tau dhau los ua qhov chaw rau kev sib tw suab paj nruag classic. Lub uniqueness ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj yog nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb hais tias ob lub cev nyob rau hauv nws muaj peev xwm suab kiag li nyob rau hauv unison, uas yog tsis tshua muaj rau cov twj paj nruag.
Temple of Science thiab Art
Reorganized los ntawm cov neeg Jesuit, tam sim no Lub Tsev Qiv Ntawv Hauv Tebchaws ntawm Czech koom pheej yog qhov chaw uas yooj yim tsis tuaj yeem tsis quav ntsej thaum tham txog Prague's Clementinum.
Lub tsev ntawm lub tsev qiv ntawv tshwj xeeb no, lub hlaws ntawm Czech koom pheej, tau tsim tsa xyoo 1727. Tam sim no, lub tsev qiv ntawv nyiaj muaj ntau pua txhiab phau ntawv uas tsis muaj nqi, suav nrog cov ntawv sau. Cov phau ntawv hauv pem teb-rau-qab nthab yog qhov tseeb tawg nrog ntau cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig, feem ntau yog sau ua lus Latin, German thiab Italian.
Lub qab nthab ntawm lub tsev yog dai kom zoo nkauj nrog cov duab zoo nkauj uas qhia txog Kev Tshawb Fawb thiab Kos duab. Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub qab nthab yog lub tuam tsev nto moo ntawm kev txawj ntse fresco los ntawm Joseph Diebel.
Tsis tas li ntawd, lub tsev ntawv yog qhov tseem ceeb rau nws cov khoom sau ntawm cov ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj thaum ub, thaj chaw thiab cov hnub qub saum ntuj tsim los ntawm Jesuits. Hmoov tsis zoo, nws tsis tuaj yeem xav txog lawv hauv kev nthuav dav vim qhov txwv tsis pub nkag mus rauHall.
Tau kawg, cov folios uas tsis tshua muaj tsuas yog muaj rau cov kws tshaj lij, thiab tom qab ntawd nrog kev tso cai ntawm tus kheej, tab sis Clementinum hauv Prague tseem muaj chav nyeem ntawv, ua rau nws cov neeg tuaj saib hauv qhov chaw tsis nco qab txog xyoo 18th baroque.
Visegrad Codex
Thiab txawm tias koj yuav tsis tuaj yeem nrhiav tau ib daim ntawv qub ntawm phau ntawv qub hauv chav tsev qiv ntawv, koj yuav tsum tsis txhob chim. Hauv ib lub tsev me me ua ntej lub tsev nrog cov phau ntawv, ib daim qauv ntawm cov ntawv sau tsis tshua muaj nyob rau xyoo pua 11th - Visegrad Codex tau nthuav tawm tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov neeg nyiam qub txeeg qub teg.
Visegrad Code (tseem hu ua Coronation Code), tsim nyob rau hauv 1086, tau mob siab rau kev txhawb nqa ntawm thawj tus huab tais Czech, Vratislav II. Ib qho ntawm cov ntawv sau uas tsis tshua muaj thiab muaj txiaj ntsig tshaj plaws hauv Czech koom pheej yog ib phau ntawm txoj moo zoo thiab cov ntawv theological. Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm phau ntawv no zoo heev uas nws tau raug pov hwm rau 1 billion crowns.
Clementinum hauv Prague - tsuas yog lub tsev khaws khoom ntawm keeb kwm tsis tshua pom pom nyob txhua qhov chaw ntawm no. Yog li ntawd, nyob ib sab ntawm Visegrad Codex, nyob rau hauv chav tsev ntawm lub tsev qiv ntawv, koj tuaj yeem pom Kepler's astronomical instrumental - ib tug sextant uas pab tus kws tshawb fawb hauv nws txoj kev tshawb fawb.
Astronomy tower
Yog tias koj tseem tab tom nrhiav ib yam dab tsi los pom hauv Prague ntawm koj tus kheej, ces, tsis muaj kev poob siab, mus rau Clementinum Astronomical Tower.
Lub pej thuam tau tsim hauv 1723 los ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm Chancellor Frantisek Retz. Nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm nws dome flaunts daim duab ntawm Atlanta nrogcelestial sphere nyob rau hauv tes. Los ntawm nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th, nws tau txais cov xwm txheej ntawm kev soj ntsuam thiab tau los ua qhov chaw rau kev tshawb fawb astronomical, meteorological thiab lej. Muaj ib qho kev nthuav qhia ntawm telescopes, lej thiab astronomical instruments. Ib qho ntawm cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm Prague's Clementinum thiab Astronomical Tower yog lub moos qub qub uas tseem yog qhov tseeb.
Nyob rau xyoo 1928, kev tshawb fawb txog hnub qub tau pib ua nyob rau hauv qhov chaw soj ntsuam tshiab, thiab txij li xyoo 1939, tsuas yog kev soj ntsuam huab cua cuam tshuam rau niaj hnub Central Europe tau sau tseg hauv tus pej thuam.
Lub lawj saib ntawm tus pej thuam, nyob ntawm qhov siab ntawm 50 m, yog qhov pom tiag tiag rau cov neeg tuaj saib. Nce toj ntawm no raws tus nqaim nqaim staircase, koj tuaj yeem xav txog qhov zoo nkauj ntawm qhov chaw keeb kwm ntawm Prague, nyob rau hauv tag nrho saib.
Hmoov tsis zoo, hauv kaum xyoo dhau los ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem, Astronomy Tower raug kaw rau cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws. Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv 2000, lub architectural monument ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th, uas tau nqis los rau peb nyob rau hauv nws thawj daim ntawv, tau tshem ntawm cov khib nyiab thiab nas thiab yog rov muaj rau mus xyuas.
Meridian Room
Ntawm lub Nroog Qub Qub, tsis deb ntawm lub monument rau Jan Hus, muaj ib txoj kab pav uas txawv ntawm cov paving ntawm cov square. Qhov no yog Prague meridian. Qhov tseeb yog tias thaum tav su astronomical tus duab ntxoov ntxoo ntawm ib kem nyob tsis deb ntawm kab no ntog rau ntawm nws. Nov yog kev ceeb toom ntawm cov neeg hauv nroog txog qhov pib thaum tav su.
chav tsev muaj npe tom qab lub meridian nonyob rau hauv ib qho ntawm cov yees ntawm Clementinum. Tsuas yog nws cov qauv ntawm no yog ib txoj hlua stretched thoob plaws hauv chav tsev. Thaum tav su los, ib lub hnub ci ci, peering los ntawm ib lub qhov me me ntawm phab ntsa, hla txoj hlua no. Qhov no tau ua lub cim qhia rau cov neeg hauv nroog txog qhov pib thaum tav su. Txog rau xyoo 1918, lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb no tau ua los ntawm rab phom turret los ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj, thiab tom qab ntawd lawv tsuas yog taw qhia ntawm lub turret, waving tus chij.
Lub Koom Txoos ntawm tus Cawm Seej Dawb Huv
Thaum lub sijhawm muaj kev vam meej ntawm Jesuit kev txiav txim, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws architectural monument ntawm Baroque thaum ntxov tau suav hais tias yog lub tuam tsev tseem ceeb ntawm Kev Txiav Txim. Nws tau tsim nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub qub tsev teev ntuj Dominican.
Kev sim siab dab tsi hauv pawg ntseeg yuav tsum tau nyiaj dhau! Thaum lub sijhawm Hussite tawm tsam, nws tau hlawv rau hauv av, thiab tom qab ntawd rov qab los ntawm cov neeg Yeluxalees nplua nuj. Cov kws tshaj lij thiab cov kws kos duab zoo tshaj plaws tau koom nrog nws txoj kev tsim kho thiab kho kom zoo nkauj: Carlo Lurago, Francesco Caratti, Giovanni Bartolomeo Cometa thiab ntau lwm tus.
Ua ntej nkag mus rau hauv lub tsev teev ntuj, cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws tau txais tos los ntawm kev kos duab kos duab los ntawm Giovanni Cometa, thiab cov neeg txawj ntse ntawm pawg ntseeg cov txiv, cov ntseeg ntawm Yexus txoj kev txiav txim, Tswv Yexus thiab nkauj xwb Mary tau txais tos los ntawm lub portico. Kev kos duab plaster thiab kev lees paub, dai kom zoo nkauj nrog cov duab ntawm 12 tus tubtxib, xav tsis thoob nrog lawv txoj kev zoo nkauj thiab kev zoo nkauj.
Nws kuj yog lub chaw ua yeeb yam zoo heev, uas tau txais txiaj ntsig tsis yog los ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv zos, tab sis kuj los ntawm ntau tus neeg ncig tebchaws.
Nco qhov tseeb
Kuv xav tiasdab tsi:
- Ntau pua xyoo dhau los, ib tug neeg Yudais hu ua Conias hlawv 30,000 phau ntawv nyob rau hauv lub tsev qiv ntawv hauv zos uas suav tias yog "kev txhaum cai".
- Raws li cov lus dab neeg, cov neeg Yudais tuaj txog hauv nroog nrog ib phau ntawv thiab tsuas yog sau tau ib lub tsev qiv ntawv loj.
- Nyob rau xyoo 2005, lub tsev qiv ntawv Clementinum tau txais qhov tshwj xeeb UNESCO nqi zog "Nco txog ntiaj teb".
- Ib feem me me ntawm cov ntawv qub tau muab los ntawm Google los luam tawm thiab ua kom muaj dawb hauv Google Books.
- Txij thaum Lub Ib Hlis 2017, Clementinum tau raug kaw rau kev kho dua tshiab rau 2 xyoos.
