The Great Peterhof Palace: chaw nyob, piav qhia, kev mus ncig ua si

2024 Tus sau: Harold Hamphrey | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:14

Nyob ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Gulf of Finland, Peter kuv tau tsim ntau lub teb chaws nyob ntawm Lavxias teb sab tsars. Lub palace thiab chaw ua si complex suav nrog cov chaw ua si, uas cov palaces thiab cov kwj deg zoo nkauj nyob sib haum xeeb. Lub tswv yim ntawm kev tsim thiab architectural tsim muaj rau Peter I, thiab nyob rau hauv kev txhais lus los ntawm Dutch "Peterhof" - "Peter lub tshav puam". Lub hauv paus chaw hauv pawg yog nyob ntawm Great Peterhof Palace (chaw nyob: St. Petersburg, Razvodnaya st., 2).

Keeb kwm ntawm Peterhof

Ntau tshaj peb puas xyoo dhau los, kev tsim kho tau pib nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov lub teb chaws nyob ntawm Lavxias teb sab huab tais nyob rau sab nrauv ntawm St. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb tau pib xyoo 1714, thiab thaum Lub Yim Hli 1723, qhov qhib ntawm Peterhof tau tshwm sim, suav nrog Cov Tsev Kawm Ntawv Qib Siab (tam sim no Great Peterhof Palace), Monplaisir thiab Marly Palaces. Los ntawm kev qhib lub complex, ob peb lub tiaj ua si tau npaj thiab tso tawm, qee qhov chaw tau muab tso rau hauv kev ua haujlwm. Hauv kev rov tsim kho thiab kho dua tshiab tom qab Tsov Rog Tsov Rog Loj, cov kws tsim vaj tsevkhaws cia cov tswv yim ntawm tus poj Petus, raug ntes hauv nws cov duab kos thiab kos duab.

Upper Garden

Rau lub ntsiab nkag mus rau Grand Peterhof Palace, Lub Vaj Upper tau muab tso rau, uas tau tsim nyob rau hauv peb theem tshaj li tsib caug xyoo nyob rau hauv kev taw qhia ntawm ntau tus kws kos duab. Tab sis thaum xub thawj nws tau siv rau kev loj hlob zaub thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo, thiab lub pas dej sab saud tau txais kev pab rau cov kwj deg thiab ntses ua liaj ua teb. Lub vaj sab saud tau ua tiav raws li qhov project ntawm B. F. Rastrelli nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov mus rau ib nrab xyoo pua. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tus mlom nto moo ntawm Apollo Belvedere, Pomona (tus vajtswv poj niam ntawm fertility), Zephyr (vajtswv ntawm cua) thiab Flora (vajtswv ntawm lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav) tau tshwm sim hauv lub tiaj ua si, nrog rau cov muaj pes tsawg leeg "Neptune", nyob hauv central pas dej.

YThe Grand Peterhof Palace

Cov lus piav qhia ntawm lub palace tuaj yeem pib nrog keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim kho hauv 1714-1725, raws li qhov project ntawm architects I. Braunstein thiab J. Leblon, cov chav tsev me me tau tsim nrog ntau lub tsev rau kev txais tos, rooj noj mov thiab cov Emperor lub txaj txaj. Tom qab ntawd, nyob rau hauv 1745-1755, nws tau rebuilt los ntawm Empress Elizaveta Petrovna. Nyob rau hauv kev taw qhia ntawm lub ntiaj teb nto moo kws kes duab vajtse B. F. Rastrelli, ib tug peb puas meter palace nrog zoo kawg li facades rebuilt raws li tus qauv ntawm Versailles. Peb caug lub tsev, dai kom zoo nkauj nyob rau hauv txawv style, zoo siab nrog lawv zoo kawg li thiab nplua nuj. Tom qab taug kev los ntawm Upper Garden, cov neeg tuaj xyuas pom lawv tus kheej hauv Great Peterhof Palace. Daim pib muaj nqis 600 rubles thiab txo daim pib muaj nqis 300 rubles tuaj yeem yuav ntawm lub thawv ntawv thaum 10:30 txog 17:00. Lub palace niaj hnub no tau dhau los ua keeb kwm thiab kos duabTsev khaws puav pheej nrog ntau yam khoom pov thawj, paintings thiab sculptures. Lub palace, zoo li yav dhau los, yog lub caij ntuj sov kev coj noj coj ua hauv tebchaws Russia, qhov chaw muaj kev sib tham thiab kev txais tos, nrog rau cov xwm txheej kev coj noj coj ua.

Pem hauv ntej staircase, seev cev thiab txais tos txais

Raws li xeeb los ntawm tsev neeg imperial, lub palace yuav tsum ua raws li txoj cai thiab hais txog kev loj hlob ntawm lub xeev Lavxias. Thiab diplomatic receptions, pob thiab masquerades surprise nrog we alth thiab abundance. Tus kws kes duab vajtse Rastrelli tau ua tiav txoj haujlwm no. Twb tau mus rau ntawm lub ntsiab ntaiv, cov neeg tuaj saib pom cov duab zoo nkauj carved symbolizing lub caij, monumental bas-reliefs ntawm phab ntsa, cartouches nplua nuj nrog gilding. Tempera painting, stucco thiab forged hlau ntsiab yog harmoniously intertwined nyob rau hauv lub sab hauv. Tsis tas li ntawd, txoj kev yog ua nyob rau hauv cov style ntawm Arc de Triomphe, cov kab dawb-dawb uas txhawb nqa pediment nrog cov duab zoo nkauj "Loy alty" thiab "Kev Ncaj Ncees". Lub tsev seev cev ("Merchant") yog ua nyob rau hauv ib tug festive style rau pob thiab kev lom zem txheej xwm. Qhov no yog ib chav loj nrog thaj tsam ntawm 270 square meters. Ntau daim iav nyob rau hauv cov qhov rais cuav ntawm cov phab ntsa dawb paug nce nws ntim ntau zaus. Tom qab ntawd cov neeg tuaj saib nkag mus rau Chesme Hall, qhov chaw uas tseem yog los ntawm Blue Reception. Lub Great Peterhof Palace tau tsim los ntawm Peter I ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv txhawm rau txhawm rau hais txog kev lees paub ntawm Russia raws li lub zog hiav txwv. Chesme Hall yog lub npe hu ua tom qab yeej ntawm Turkish fleetnyob rau hauv Chesma thiab kev koom ua ke ntawm Russia tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub B altic, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv lub Black Seas. Kev kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm lub tsev thiab kev sib ntaus sib tua painting tau mob siab rau lub hom phiaj no. Los ntawm no cov qhua mus rau lub zwm txwv.

Center and Throne Room

Lub Grand Peterhof Palace muaj ib lub vestibule, uas yog ib qho kev hla ntawm lub Upper Garden thiab Lower Park. Ntawm no yog lub chaw ua haujlwm ntawm Peter I ("oak") thiab tus ntoo qhib staircase coj mus rau Duab Hall. Thaum xub thawj, nws cov phab ntsa tau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog Fabkis tapestries thiab ob peb paintings ntawm Italian tsev kawm ntawv. Thaum lub sij hawm lub reign ntawm Elizabeth Petrovna, suav Pietro Rotari tau raug xaiv los ua tsev hais plaub neeg pleev kob. Nws yog cov portraits ntawm nws cov hauj lwm uas thaum kawg puv tag nrho cov sab hauv. Tom qab kuaj xyuas cov duab kos, dhau lub txee sab hnub poob, cov neeg tuaj xyuas nkag mus rau Chav Ua Noj Dawb, uas yog ua los ntawm cov xim matte. Chav noj mov tau siv rau nws lub hom phiaj, thiab cov khoom siv niaj hnub no muaj cov rooj tog zaum hauv chav noj mov thiab ob puas daim ntawm faience crockery. Lub Throne Hall muaj qhov nkag los ntawm sab ntawm Chesme Hall thiab Audienz Hall, uas txuas nrog Chav Ua Noj Dawb. Qhov no yog chav loj tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub palace (330 square metres), muaj cov stucco loj uas piav qhia txog imperial thiab tub rog cov cim, nrog rau ntau cov duab ntawm tsev neeg muaj koob muaj npe.

West Wing of the Palace

Sab hnub poob tis yog poj niam ib nrab nrog cov chav ntawm Empress thiab nws lub voj voog sab hauv. Nws muaj ib lub kaum ob chav me me. Los ntawm Tuam Tshoj Sab Hnub Tuaj, cov neeg tuaj xyuas tau txaisPartridge chav nyob, qhov twg Empress siv sijhawm sawv ntxov. Nws txuas ncaj qha nrog poj huab tais cov chav: Divan, chav hnav khaub ncaws, Kev Kawm thiab Chav Crown. Nyob rau sab laug yog lub Secretarial, Blue Drawing Room, lub quarters ntawm cov tub rog tiv thaiv tub rog. Sab hnub poob tis xaus nrog lub tsev teev ntuj palace. Rastrelli tsim lub tuam tsev ntawm tsev neeg muaj koob muaj npe hauv nws tus kheej style - gracefully thiab zoo kawg li. Qhov no tsis yog lub tsev teev ntuj xwb, tab sis yog ib lub tsev me me uas muaj kev nplua nuj kho kom zoo nkauj thiab gilding ntau.

Lower Park

The Great Peterhof Palace tau ua rau ntawm lub roob ntuj thiab muaj xwm txheej cais lub vaj nyob sab saud los ntawm qhov pompous, gilded chaw ntawm Lower Park. Lub hiav txwv channel, khawb los ntawm lub palace mus rau Gulf of Finland, tau coj los ua qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm kev npaj ntawm lub tiaj ua si pawg. Plaub txoj kev taug mus rau Monplaisir Palace thiab Hermitage pavilion tawm ntawm tus kwj dej nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev. Lub tiaj ua si yog tsim los ntawm Fabkis style, uas tseem hu ua tsis tu ncua. Nws yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm lub xub ntiag ntawm sculptures, pavilions thiab symmetry nyob rau hauv kev npaj ntawm alleys thiab ntsuab chaw. Gardeners cog ntau tsob ntoo thiab tsob ntoo uas coj los ntawm thoob plaws Russia, sib txuas cov groves uas twb muaj lawm rau hauv ib qho nyuaj.

Lub ntsej muag ntawm lub palace saib lub hiav txwv sib haum xeeb ntws mus rau hauv cov ledges ntawm Grand Cascade nrog ntau yam dej ntws thiab cov duab puab. Kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm lub pas dej ua ke "Grand Cascade" tuaj yeem pib los ntawm kev tawm hauv Great Peterhof Palace tom qab ncig xyuas. Kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov ciav dej hloov txhua xyoo,nyob ntawm huab cua. Tentatively, qhov qhib yuav tshwm sim nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm lub Plaub Hlis, thiab lub grand kaw ntawm lub caij - nyob rau hauv nruab nrab lub Cuaj Hli. Daim pib nqi ntawm 500 mus rau 150 rubles. Lub cascade muaj ob lub pas dej tsaws tsag, nrog rau ntau cov duab puab ntawm Upper thiab Lower grottoes. Ob tug kwj deg uas muaj zog ntawm cov dej poob los ntawm cov cascade mus rau hauv lub thoob ntawm Hiav Txwv kwj dej, qhov twg lub hauv paus dej cannon "Samson tearing tus tsov ntxhuav lub qhov ncauj" nyob. Pawg ciav dej muaj yim tus ntses taub ntswg ntev thiab plaub tus tsov ntxhuav nyob ntawm ko taw. Nrog lawv cov dav hlau lawv tsim ib hom wreath ncig Samson. Nyob ib ncig ntawm lub hauv paus muaj pes tsawg leeg muaj ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov kwj depicting fairy maidens, naiads, tritons, ancient Greek vajtswv thiab heroes. Nws tsis tuaj yeem piav qhia ntau dua 140 qhov sib txawv ntawm cov duab puab hauv qhov kev tshuaj xyuas luv luv, yog li nws zoo dua los pom lawv ib zaug.

Kev mus ncig rau Great Peterhof Palace thiab cov tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Peterhof yuav tsis tso cov neeg tuaj saib tsis txaus ntseeg, thiab cov cascades thiab cov kwj deg yuav nco ntsoov mus ib txhis.