Cov neeg nyiam ntawm cov vaj tsev qub qub, cov kiv cua ntawm Fabkis thiab cov neeg paub txog keeb kwm yuav tsum tsis txhob plam lub sijhawm mus xyuas Château de Vincennes - lub palace uas tsis zoo li lwm yam hauv Paris, tab sis tuav ntau yam tsis muaj vaj ntxwv. Yuav ua li cas yog qhov txawv ntawm no architectural qauv thiab tus so, ntau yuav nug. Piv rau lwm lub tsev fuabtais Fabkis, yog li graceful thiab maj mam nyob rau hauv lawv manifestation, Vincennes, ntawm qhov tsis tooj, zoo nkaus li tsaus muag, txawm menacing. Tsis xav tsis thoob vim nws muaj keeb kwm tsis meej pem.
Qhov chaw ntawm Château de Vincennes
Lub fortress nyob rau hauv suburbs ntawm Paris, lub zos ntawm Vincennes, uas, nyob rau hauv lem, nyob 300 meters sab hnub poob ntawm lub chaw nres tsheb Chateau de Vincennes metro thiab 8 km sab qab teb ntawm lub Cite Island. Nws yog qhov tsim nyog hais tias, tsis zoo li lwm tus, lub tsev fuabtais Vincennes tau ua rau ntawm thaj chaw tiaj tus. Thiab lub kwj deg, uas yog ib qho thaiv kev nkag mus ntawm cov yeeb ncuab rog, tau puv nrog dej, vimtsis muaj tus dej nyob ze. Thaum lub sij hawm Nrab Hnub nyoog, ib tug hav zoov loj hlob nyob rau hauv qhov chaw no, yog li ntawd lub fortress twb surrounded ntawm tag nrho cov sab los ntawm cov ntoo. Yeej tsis muaj txoj sia nyob mus txog hnub no.
Kev piav qhia ntawm lub tsev fuabtais
Nws yog ib lub fortress loj nyob rau hauv cov duab ntawm ib tug tsis xwm yeem duab plaub, lub donjon ntawm uas yog tsim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug square nrog peb puag ncig yees ntawm lub ces kaum ntawm lub fortress phab ntsa, 6 m txoj kab uas hla. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv yog nruab nrog ib tug npog saib gallery. Vincennes Castle yog impregnable. Qhov no yog ib lub fortress nrog cov phab ntsa loj loj 3 meters tuab thiab yuav luag 12 meters siab, tag nrho coj mus rau donjon. Thiab cov qhov ntev no tau qhia yam tsis xav txog qhov tob ntawm lub moat. Tsuas muaj 6 plag tsev xwb, tab sis tsuas yog 5 tau txiav txim siab, txij li qhov kawg yog qhov tsawg heev hauv kev sib raug zoo nrog lwm tus. Tab sis ntawm qhov tod tes, qhov pom zoo nkauj ntawm thaj chaw ib puag ncig qhib los ntawm qhov ntawd.
Thaum xub thawj, cov phab ntsa ntawm lub fortress tau siab dua, tab sis tom qab ntawd lawv tau nce qib. Thiab nws yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv no uas lub tsev tau muaj sia nyob mus rau tam sim no. Ib hom pob txha ntawm donjon yog ib kem uas tuav lub vaults ntawm tag nrho tsib plag tsev. Tsis ntev los no, nws tau dim txoj kev tsim kho kom muaj zog, yam tsis muaj tus qauv hem kom tawg. Nco ntsoov tias muaj ib zaug ib daim duab rau ntawm phab ntsa sab hauv ntawm lub fortress.
Château de Vincennes: keeb kwm ntawm qhov tshwm sim
"Lub neej" ntawm lub fortress pib nrog kev tsim kho tsis yog lub tsev uas tuaj yeem pom niaj hnub no, tab sis ib lub tsev tua tsiaj me me, tsim nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm XII xyoo pua los ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm Louis VII (cov Hluas). Tsis xav tias huab taisxaiv qhov chaw no, vim hais tias nyob rau hauv Nruab Nrab Hnub nyoog muaj ib tug zoo nkauj hav zoov nplua nuj nyob rau hauv kev ua si. Tom qab ntawd ib lub tsev fuabtais tau tshwm sim, uas tau tshwm sim nyob rau xyoo pua 13th, thaum Philip Augustus thiab Louis Saint kav. Yog tias koj raus koj tus kheej hauv keeb kwm, koj yuav pom tias nws yog los ntawm lub fortress uas tus huab tais ntawm Fabkis tau tawm ntawm nws qhov kev sib tw kawg - Crusade, uas nws tsis tau rov qab los.
Zoo rau XIV xyoo pua, Château de Vincennes tau siv los ua qhov chaw ua koob tsheej. Piv txwv li, Philip III sib yuav ntawm no, thiab 10 xyoo tom qab nws, nyob rau hauv 1284, Philip IV. Tab sis tsis tsuas yog solemn txheej xwm tau tuav ntawm no. Xyoo 1316, Louis X tuag hauv tsev fuabtais, tom qab 6 xyoo - Philip V, thiab tom qab tib lub sijhawm - Charles IV.
Tab sis lub fortress tsis txawj tuag. Thiab twb nyob rau hauv 1337, Vaj Ntxwv Philip IV tau muab ib qho kev txiav txim ntawm qhov yuav tsum tau ntxiv dag zog rau nws, rau lub hom phiaj ntawm lub donjon tau tsim, tom qab ntawd tiv thaiv los ntawm nws cov phab ntsa. Yug nyob rau hauv lub tsev fuabtais, Charles V (tus Txawj Ntse) nyob ntawd, ua lub tsev nws tus kheej qhov chaw nyob, nyob rau hauv kev twb kev txuas nrog uas muaj zog phab ntsa ntau tshaj li ib kilometers ntev nrog rau rau yees thiab peb lub rooj vag tshwm. Tab sis xws li ib txoj haujlwm tsis tuaj yeem ua tiav sai, thiab yog li kev tsim kho txuas ntxiv mus rau 2 tiam. Tom qab ntawd kev tsim kho ntawm nws tus kheej lub Tsev Teev Ntuj Dawb Huv pib, thiab tus kav tom ntej, Louis XI, txav ntawm lub donjon mus rau lub tsev nyob rau hauv lub fortress phab ntsa.
Louis XIV mus ntxiv - nws tau hais kom tus kws tsim qauv tsim 2 tis txuas nrog lub tshav dav hlau loj. Ob leeg ntawm lawv tau dai kom zoo nkauj nyob rau hauv cov style ntawm classicism, tab sis ib tug belongs rau poj huab tais, thiab lwm yam rau huab tais. Tom qab ntawd lub tsev fuabtais Vincennes (Paris) yog qhov tseem ceeb thib pebqhov chaw nyob, tab sis twb nyob rau hauv 1670 lub hnub huab tais tsiv mus rau Versailles. Lub fortress hauv Vincennes tau poob nws txoj haujlwm.
Txoj hmoo ntawm lub tsev fuabtais thoob plaws nws lub neej los txog niaj hnub no
Txawm tias thaum Louis XIV nyob hauv lub fortress, lub donjon tau dhau los ua lub tsev loj cuj hauv xeev, tab sis tsis yog ib qho yooj yim, tab sis rau cov neeg raug kaw ntawm cov neeg muaj koob muaj npe. Qee leej tau tso cai coj cov tub txib thiab cov poj niam nrog lawv mus rau lub tsev fuabtais, yog li qhov chaw nyob ntawm cov neeg raug kaw yuav raug hu ntau dua li xis nyob. Piv txwv li, tam sim no tus kws txawj xav thiab kws sau paj huam Voltaire thiab tus brawler Marquis de Sade tau pab lawv cov kab lus nyob ntawd.
Thaum Vaj Ntxwv Sun tau tsiv mus rau Versailles, lub donjon txuas ntxiv mus rau hauv tsev lojcuj, txawm tias tom qab lub tuam txhab plooj (porcelain) tau nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 18th. Lub tsev yos hav zoov, los ntawm qhov keeb kwm ntawm qhov chaw muaj xwm txheej no tau pib, tsis muaj nyob hauv 1796, tom qab kev hloov pauv ntawm lub tsev fuabtais mus rau hauv arsenal. Lub sijhawm ntawd, ntau yam kev ua tub rog pib tshwm sim. Los ntawm txoj kev, lawv tseem tuaj yeem pom niaj hnub no, vim tias cov tsev khaws cia zoo thiab tsis tau raug puas tsuaj.
Xyoo 1804, lub nkuaj ntawm lub fortress saib cov xwm txheej ntshav - hauv nws, ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm Napoleon, tib tus tub ntawm Prince Condé los ntawm Bourbon dynasty, Duke ntawm Enghien, raug tua. Thiab nyob rau hauv 1917, lub npe nrov Mata Hari hais goodbye rau nws lub neej nyob rau tib qhov chaw. Niaj hnub no, lub tsev fuabtais Vincennes, daim duab uas muaj nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm, yog ib lub tsev cia puav pheej qhib rau sawv daws.
Château de Vincennes
Los ntawmhav zoov, ib zaug tuab, tsuas yog ib daim me me xwb. Ntxiv rau lub donjon, lub Tsev Teev Ntuj Dawb Huv thiab cov tsev tub rog, tam sim no muaj kev tshawb fawb thiab cov chaw khaws ntaub ntawv hauv thaj chaw:
- Department of Defense Historical Service.
- National Defense History Research Center.
- Inter-ministry commission in charge of restoration ua hauj lwm.
Château de Vincennes: yuav mus li cas?
Txoj kev yooj yim tshaj plaws yog txoj kev subway. Lub cheeb tsam nthuav qhia metro yog Vincennes chaw nres tsheb, lossis thawj ceg ntawm Paris metro yog Chateau de Vincennes chaw nres tsheb. Lub fortress feudal, qhov chaw nyob ntawm Fabkis cov vaj thiab lub tsev hav zoov yog ib tug architectural creation, unremarkable los ntawm sab nraud, tab sis muaj nuj nqis heev keeb kwm. Tom qab tag nrho, ntau tshaj ib tiam ntawm cov thawj coj ntawm Fabkis thaum lub sij hawm Nrab Hnub nyoog yug, loj hlob, sib yuav thiab tuag ntawm no. Tsev fuabtais Vincennes, uas cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws tsuas yog qhuas cov kev tshuaj xyuas xwb, yeej tsim nyog mus xyuas tsis tsawg dua Louvre lossis Stade de France.
