Klyazma yog tus dej nyob hauv Russia, nyob rau sab Europe ntawm lub tebchaws. Nws ntws los ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Nizhny Novgorod, Ivanovo, Vladimir thiab Moscow cheeb tsam. Nws yog sab laug tributary ntawm lub Oka. Zaj no yuav tham txog tus dej no zoo kawg li.
Key Features
Klyazma yog tus dej uas muaj qhov ntev ntawm 686 kilometers thiab thaj tsam ntawm lub phiab ntawm 42.5 km. Qhov nruab nrab txhua xyoo kev siv dej yog 139-147 m 3/ s (185 mais ntawm qhov ncauj, nyob ib puag ncig ntawm lub nroog Kovrov). Tus dej feem ntau yog pub los ntawm cov daus. Klyazma khov rau lub Kaum Ib Hlis, qhib rau thawj ib nrab ntawm lub Plaub Hlis. Muaj ntau lub nroog ntawm tus dej: Schelkovo, Dolgoprudny, Korolev, Noginsk, Losino-Petrovsky, Pavlovsky Posad, Gorokhovets, Vyazniki, Kovrov, Vladimir, Sobinka, Orekhovo-Zuevo. Cov tsev txhab nyiaj ntawm Klyazma nyob hauv kwv yees li 1.7 lab tus tib neeg. Ntau tshaj 3.3 lab tus tib neeg nyob hauv cheeb tsam tus dej phwj tuaj.
Geographic description
Tus dej Klyazma pib nyob rau hauv Moscow Upland. Daim ntawv qhia qhia tias nws qhov chaw nyob ze ntawm lub nroog Solnechnogorsk. Tom qab ntawd tus dej ntws mus rau sab qab teb sab hnub tuaj, dhau ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Moscow (lub nroog ntawm Khimki). Nws txoj kev txuas ntxiv raws ciam teb ntawm Molzhaninovsky koog tsev kawm ntawv ntawm lub peev, nyob ze ntawm lub zos Cherkizova, tig mus rau sab hnub tuaj. Cov ntug dej ntawm tus dej nyob rau hauv lub Upper nce mus txog siab, lub hav yog es nqaim. Ntawm Klyazma reservoir, qhov dav yog 12 meters. Tus dej ntws los ntawm Pirogovskoye thiab Klyazma reservoir, qhov chaw uas nws mingles nrog lub Volga. Hauv qab, qhov ntws tau tswj hwm, qhov dav ze ntawm Klyazma railway platform yog 20 meters. Cov dej ntws dhau los ntawm Meshcherskaya lowland, nyob rau hauv qhov chaw sab xis yog qis dua sab laug. Klyazma yog tus dej puv puv thiab dav. Nyob rau hauv Noginsk, nws cov tsev txhab nyiaj yog 50 meters sib nrug, nyob rau hauv Vladimir - 130 meters. Hauv qee qhov chaw qhov dav yog 200 meters. Qhov tob yog me me, qhov siab tshaj plaws yog 8 meters, feem ntau yog 1-2 meters. Hauv qab ntawm Klyazma yog clayey, feem ntau yog xuab zeb. Hauv qee qhov chaw, tus dej raug txiav los ntawm limestone strata.
Txiv kab ntxwv
Klyazma yog ib tug dej uas muaj ntau tributaries. Ntau ntawm lawv muaj cov npe qub, Finno-Ugric thiab yog cov dej ntws puv. Cov tributaries yog Suvoroshch (14 km), Lukh (68 km), Istok (79 km), Tara (110.7 km), Msterka (111 km), Teza (135 km), Shizhegda (151 km), Nerekhta (190 km)..), Sudogda (244 km), Nerl (269 km), Rpin (285 km), Koloksha (326 km), Shalovka (329 km), Vorsha (336 km), Teb (378 km), Peksha (396 km), Berezka (416 km), Shchitka (445 km), Kirzhach (459 km), Dubna (466 km), Vyrka (476 km), Drezna (481 km), Vokhonka (502 km), Plotnya (514 km), Sherna (516 km), Zagrebka (524 km), Chernogolovka (526 km), Lavrovka (526 km), Shalovka (540 km), Vorya (551 km), Ucha (577 km),Alba (640 km), Radomlya (665 km), Chernavka (671).
Ancient settlements
Tus dej Klyazma, cov duab uas tau luam tawm hauv tsab xov xwm no, tau ua qhov chaw sib haum xeeb rau cov neeg sib txawv txij li thaum ub. Archaeological excavations qhia tau hais tias cov neeg ntawm lub Paleolithic era (Sungir), Neolithic (lub zos nyob rau hauv lub Yeoginsky koog tsev kawm ntawv nyob ze lub zos Bunkova), Mesolithic (lub Pavlovsky Posad cheeb tsam, ib ncig ntawm lub zos ntawm Saurovo) nyob rau hauv nws shores. Tom qab ntawd, cov Merya, Muroma, thiab Meshchera pab pawg neeg nyob ntawm Klyazma. Ntau lub tributaries ntawm tus dej muaj npe nyob rau hauv cov lus ntawm cov pab pawg neeg thaum ub. Pom nyob rau hauv lub tsev txhab nyiaj thiab thawj faus mounds ntawm Slavic faus av nyob rau hauv cov qhov chaw.
Siv
Klyazma yog tus dej uas txoj kev loj hlob ntawm tag nrho sab qaum teb-sab hnub tuaj ntawm Russia yog txuam nrog, pib los ntawm lub xyoo pua 12th, los ntawm lub sij hawm ntawm tus thawj tswj hwm Vladimir-Suzdal. Nyob rau hauv cov hnub, tus dej yog navigable nyob rau hauv tag nrho nws ntev. Txawm tias ua ntej Slavic kev sib hais haum, kev lag luam txoj kev Klyazma - Skhodnya - Moscow ua kom muaj kev lag luam loj hlob ntawm cheeb tsam. Nrog rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm ntau yam crafts nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 17th, ntau ceramics, textiles thiab ntawv industries tshwm nyob rau hauv tus dej, thawj handicrafts, thiab ces Hoobkas thiab Hoobkas.
Nyob rau xyoo 20th, xyoo 1937, kev tsim kho kwj dej muaj npe tom qab. Moscow, nyob rau hauv lub Upper nce mus txog ntawm tus dej twb thaiv los ntawm lub Pirogov pas dej ua ke, thiab lub Klyazma reservoir tau tsim. Cov dej ntws los ntawm cov dams tau tswj hwm thiab pib pub los ntawm Volga thiab cov dej ntws ntawm sab qaum teb ntawm thaj av Moscow. Xyoo 1941, ob lub chaw nres tsheb hluav taws xob tau pib ua rau ntawm Klyazma, tab sis nrog kev tawm tsam ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog, lawv cov kev tsim kho tau raug tso tseg. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua xeem, nyob rau hauv lub 70s, muajib qhov project rau kev tsim kho ntawm Eastern Shipping Canal nyob rau sab nrauv ntawm lub peev tau xa mus rau kev txiav txim siab.
Tam sim no, tus dej hauv nws qhov qis thiab nruab nrab ncav cuag ntau yam kev lag luam thiab cov neeg nyob hauv ntau qhov chaw nrog dej. Klyazma yog navigable rau ib tug deb ntawm 267 kilometers, los ntawm nws lub qhov ncauj mus rau lub nroog ntawm Vladimir, nws yog siv los thauj cov khoom los ntawm barges. Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ncav cuag, navigation yog txwv los ntawm lub pob zeb hauv qab thiab qhov tob tob ntawm seem ntawm Mstera thiab Kovrov. Muaj qhov chaw nres nkoj thauj khoom (Vyazniki) ntawm tus dej thiab muaj chaw nres nkoj qub hauv Gorokhovets.
Hydraulic qauv
Muaj ntau cov qauv hydraulic ntawm tus dej Klyazma. Ob peb dams tau tsim: nyob rau hauv lub Solnechnogorsk cheeb tsam (lub zos ntawm Lunevo), nyob rau hauv lub zos ntawm Pirogovsky, nyob rau hauv lub nroog ntawm Korolev, lub zos ntawm Tarasovka, nyob rau hauv lub zos ntawm Obukhov thiab Sverdlovsky, nyob ib ncig ntawm lub nroog ntawm Schelkovo. (lub zos Amerovo). Lub pas dej ua ke hauv Noginsk tsim nyog sib tham sib cais. Nws qhov siab yog 2.5 meters. Nws yog nruab nrog ib tug ntug dej spillway thiab rau adjustable weirs.
Muaj ntau ntau cov dej thiab cov kav dej hauv Klyazma: Orekhovo-Zuevskaya, Pavlovo-Posadskaya, Noginskaya, Obukhovskaya, Shchelkovskaya. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev saib xyuas dej tsis tu ncua yog ua nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam Moscow los ntawm cov chaw haujlwm ntawm Moscow Center for Environmental Monitoring thiab Hydrometeorology. Muaj peb lub ntsiab lus hydrochemical: hauv Pavlovsky Posad, Shchelkovo thiab Orekhovo-Zuyevo.
Nuv ntses
Tus Dej Klyazma yog qhov chaw zoo rau cov neeg nuv ntses. Kev nuv ntses hauv thaj chaw no zoo heev. Yuav luag tag nrho cov neeg sawv cev ntawm tus dej fauna ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm lub teb chaws yog pom nyob rau hauv cov dej. Lub sijhawm ua haujlwm hnyav tshaj plaws yog caij nplooj ntoos hlav. Nws yog thaum ntawd cov shoals ntawm ntses pib ua luam dej rau hauv tus dej los ntawm lub reservoir. Nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, ide yog ntes tau nyob rau hauv txoj hlua, pike thiab perch raug ntes ntawm spinning, thiab bream thiab roach raug ntes ntawm ntab tackle thiab khoom noj txom ncauj. Nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov muaj lub sijhawm los ntes asp, carp, silver bream, crucian carp, carp, tench. Burbot raug ntes ntawm cov snags hauv qab. Qhov tsawg tshaj plaws thiab tseem ceeb tshaj plaws tsiaj nyeg ntawm Klyazma yog sterlet.
Nqaij
Daim duab qhia chaw ntawm thaj av Vladimir qhia tau hais tias Klyazma ntws los ntawm nws thaj chaw feem ntau los ntawm cov teb, tsuas yog qee zaum muaj hav zoov tuab ntawm nws txoj kev. Cov av ntawm ntug dej hauv cheeb tsam no muaj cov xuab zeb thiab av nplaum. Muaj ntau qhov chaw ntxhab thiab cov xuab zeb ntog ntawm tus dej, Klyazma nyiam mus thiab ntxuav ntau qhov chaw nthuav. "Horseshoe" yog ib qho xwm txheej xav paub uas tshwm sim thaum tus dej dheev tig 180 degrees thiab pib ntws mus rau qhov sib txawv. Qhov kev ncua deb ntawm txoj kab ntawm tib tus dej tuaj yeem ncav cuag ib mais. Tom qab ntawd ob lub kwj deg maj mam txuas nrog ib leeg thiab tsim cov kob zoo nkauj. Nov yog daim duab zoo nkauj heev. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov chaw zoo li no muaj ntau yam ntses. Ua ntej, asp nyob rau hauv lawv, ces zander thiab pike coj qhov chaw. Tom qab ntawd, ntawm cov xuab zeb rov qab nrog cov duab zoo nkauj, cov ntses ntses thiab burbot pib tuaj. Hauv dej nrog ntshiabYuav luag tag nrho cov ntses tshwm nyob rau hauv qab uas tsis overgrown nrog zaub: perch, roach, chub, garter, bream, thiab lwm yam. Thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm, lub "horseshoe" overgrows nrog nyom, ua heev swampy, tab sis ntau tshaj li kaum xyoo yuav tsum dhau mus. qhov no. Nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov xyoo ntawm nws muaj nyob, qhov chaw no yog lub vaj kaj siab tiag tiag rau tus hlub nuv ntses.
nquag thiab so tsis txaus
Tus Dej Klyazma (Vladimir cheeb tsam) yog qhov chaw zoo rau kev ua si lom zem hauv qhov xwm txheej. Vim muaj zog tam sim no, kayaking yog ua tau ntawm no. Lub sijhawm rau hnub so haujlwm zoo li no los txog rau lub Tsib Hlis thiab xaus rau lub Cuaj Hli. Koj tuaj yeem tuaj rau Klyazma tsuas yog qhuas nws cov ntug dej hiav txwv zoo nkauj, overgrown nrog sedge thiab willow, reed, cattail, chastukha, hav zoov geranium, tripartite succession thiab lwm yam greenery. Cov dej ntawm tus dej yog dai kom zoo nkauj nrog hornwort, Canadian elodea, qe-pods, dej lilies, duckweed thiab ntau yam ntawm cov poov xab.
Peach vacation
Nyob rau lub caij sov, koj tuaj yeem mus so ntawm ntug hiav txwv. Muaj ntau qhov chaw rau kev ua si ntawm tus dej Klyazma. Cov ntug hiav txwv dej hauv nroog raug ntxuav tas li, cov kws kho mob ua haujlwm thiab muaj kev pabcuam cawm. Ntawm cov ntug dej hiav txwv uas muaj qee yam tsev so, piv txwv li, Klyazma boarding lub tsev nyob rau hauv lub reservoir ntawm tib lub npe, catamarans, tej nkoj nquam, dav hlau skis thiab tej nkoj nquam. Muaj hnub loungers thiab umbrellas, cafes thiab tuav. Cov dej mus ncig ua si muaj nyob rau ntawm cov nkoj ncig ua si dai kom zoo nkauj hauv cov qauv qub frigates thiab lwm lub nkoj txawv txawv. Rau ecological xeev ntawm cov dej txiasKlyazma raug saib xyuas los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij. Yog li ntawd, kev ua luam dej hauv tus dej tsis yog tsuas yog qab ntxiag xwb, tab sis kuj muaj kev nyab xeeb.
