Choj ntawm St. Petersburg: daim duab nrog cov npe thiab cov lus piav qhia

2024 Tus sau: Harold Hamphrey | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:14

St. Petersburg yog lub nroog deservedly hu ua Venice ntawm North.

Nws nyob ntawm 42 lub tebchaws, nruab nrab ntawm cuaj kaum ob lub kwj dej thiab cov kwj deg ntws. Lub neej vibrant ncig los ntawm lawv, xws li los ntawm cov hlab ntsha me me, thiab 342 txuas hniav tuav lub nroog ua ke zoo li hlau thiab cam khwb cia hlau hoops. Thiab txawm hais tias txhua tus ntawm lawv muaj nws keeb kwm thiab hnub nyoog, tab sis ua ke lawv yog ib pawg architectural.

Qhov tseeb nthuav yog tias tus tsim lub nroog, Peter the Great, txwv tsis pub cov kev tsim kho zoo li no hauv nws cov xeeb ntxwv txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawb cov neeg hauv nroog kom muaj kev hlub rau kev ua dej hiav txwv. Tom qab ntawd, txawm li cas los xij, nws raug tso cai los tsim xws li kev hla ib ntus xwb, tab sis lawv tau cag, los ntawm ntoo mus rau hlau lossis pob zeb.

dabridges

Tau kawg, cov txheej txheem ntawm kev nqa cov hlau ntau-tuj lossis pob zeb thaiv yog qhov zoo heev. Qhov no yog qhov ntau pua txhiab tus neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws uasi mus rau lub nroog ntawm Neva txhua xyoo. Hmo dawb nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov, sab qaum teb lub teeb nyob rau lub caij ntuj no, ntau cov kwj dej thiab cov pas dej da dej hauv St. Petersburg, cov duab nrog cov npe thiab cov lus piav qhiauas tau muab tso rau hauv tsab xov xwm no - qhov no yog dab tsi tsim cov tsos ntawm lub nroog majestic. Yog tsis muaj lawv, Petus yuav poob tus tsov ntxhuav feem ntawm nws lub siab tawv.

Tab sis thawj zaug cov drawbridges ntawm St. Petersburg tau sawv, es, los ntawm kev xav tau ceev, thiab tsis yog rau kev zoo nkauj. Qhov tseeb yog tias lub nroog ntawm Neva tau tsim los ua qhov chaw nres nkoj, uas yuav tsum tau txais ntau lub nkoj. Yog li ntawd, thaum nruab hnub, cov choj ntawm St. Petersburg tau txais kev pabcuam txuas rau qhov chaw ntawm lub nroog, thiab thaum tsaus ntuj lawv sawv, cia cov tsev hais plaub siab dhau mus. Rov qab rau xyoo 2008, 21 ntawm lawv tau koom nrog qhov kev ua yeeb yam hmo ntuj no, uas zoo ib yam li zaj dab neeg, thiab tam sim no tsuas muaj 13 leeg xwb.

Thiab cov choj ntawm St. Petersburg paub txog dab tsi, daim duab nrog cov npe uas tau muab tso rau hauv qab no?

Symbol of the city

Lub Palace Choj hla Neva tau tsim hauv xyoo 1916 los txuas rau Admir alteysky thiab Vasilyevsky Islands, qhov twg thaum lub sijhawm tswj hwm (Lub caij ntuj no Palace) thiab kev lag luam hauv nroog (Main Exchange) nyob. Kev tsim kho yog ob zaug nyob rau hauv kev txaus ntshai: nyob rau hauv 1914, thawj zaug, dej nyab puas ib tug ncej, thiab ces lub ntiaj teb no ua tsov ua rog thawj zaug tau hloov nws tus kheej. Tus choj muaj 5 ntu, ib qho yog drawbridge. Nws yog 260 m ntev thiab 27.8 m dav; tsheb tuaj yeem txav mus rau hauv 6 txoj kab nyob ntawd. Qhov hnyav ntawm tag nrho cov qauv yog 7, 7 tons.

Bridges ntawm St. Petersburg: Blagoveshchensky

Nws tau hloov pauv ntau yam hauv qhov tsos, lub npe kuj hloov pauv: thaum lub sijhawm Nicholas II nws tau los ua Nikolaevsky, xyoo 1918, kom ua raws li cov tub ceev xwm tshiab, nws ris lub npe ntawm Lieutenant Schmidt, thiab hauv 2007 txhua yam rov qab los rau. lub voj voognws. Tus choj no, qhib rau xyoo 1850, yog thawj tus choj nyob hauv nroog; tag nrho cov yav dhau los yog ib ntus pontoons. Hnyav cam khwb cia hlau tau siv los ua cov khoom siv, thiab ua ntej Ntiaj Teb Tsov Rog II, xyoo 1936, nws tau hloov nrog cov hlau sib zog. Tom qab rov tsim kho dua xyoo 2007, nws qhov ntev yog 331 m, thiab qhov dav yog 37 m. Cov qauv muaj 8 spans. Thaum pib, qhov kawg ntawm lawv, uas nyob rau sab xis ntawm lub Neva, yog txav tau, tab sis tam sim no lub hauv paus ntawm tus choj nce. Los ntawm 1918 txog 2005, ib lub tsheb ciav hlau khiav raws nws.

Bridges ntawm St. Petersburg: nees epic

Anichkov Choj nyob ntawm Nevsky Prospekt. Nrog nws lub npe, nws immortalized lub npe ntawm tus thawj tub rog uas nws tub rog tau tsim nws. Tus choj ntawm ib zaug yog thawj ntoo nyob rau hauv tag nrho lub nroog, thiab nws tau hnav nyob rau hauv lub pob zeb nyob rau hauv thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th. Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, nws nto moo rau nws nto moo sculptural muaj pes tsawg leeg nyob rau hauv 4 guises, uas yog hu ua "Conquest ntawm ib tug nees los ntawm ib tug txiv neej", depicting ntau theem ntawm cov txheej txheem no. Nws yog qhov nthuav tias thaum xub thawj tsuas yog ob tug ntawm lawv, sawv ntawm sab hnub poob ntawm tus choj, raug cam khwb cia hauv tooj dag, thaum sab hnub tuaj tsuas yog dai kom zoo nkauj nrog lawv cov ntawv plaster. Tab sis sai li sai tau thaum tus sculptor tsim cov bronze mlom, lawv raug coj mus rau Berlin ua khoom plig rau tus huab tais ntawm Prussia. Cov khub niam txiv tom ntej mus rau Sicily. Tom qab ntawd tus sculptor muab txoj sia rau cov mlom uas tsis luam thawj zaug, tab sis txuas ntxiv zaj dab neeg. Lawv kho tus choj Anichkov rau hnub no.

Paj Huam Sib Hlub

Kiss choj ntawm keeb kwm ntawm St. Isaac'sCathedral hla granite ntug dej ntawm Moika - ib qho ntawm cov nyiam qhov chaw rau hnub (lub npe obliges, tab sis nws feem ntau yuav yog los ntawm lub npe ntawm tus tswv ntawm ib tug nyob ze tavern, uas nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 18th). Thaum pib, nws tau npaj tsuas yog rau cov neeg taug kev, thiab xyoo 1768 lub pob zeb arched qauv tau dhau los ua kev thauj mus los. Tsis tas li ntawd, xyoo 1908, txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau tau muab tso rau ntawm nws. Tus choj no tsis txav mus los, thiab qhov tseeb no nyiam cov niam txiv tshiab uas ntseeg tias kev hnia ntawm tus choj no cog lus tias yuav muaj kev sib yuav zoo siab uas yuav tsis ua rau kev sib nrauj.

Thawj outboard

Lub tsev teev ntuj Panteleimon tau muab nws lub npe rau tus choj uas nyob ze. Nws tau tshwm sim thaum lub sij hawm tsim kho cov kwj deg ntawm Lub Caij Ntuj Sov Lub Vaj, vim xav tau ib qho dej xau los ntawm kev xa dej. Nws tau ua haujlwm txog dej nyab xyoo 1777. Tom qab 48 xyoo, thawj choj ncua kev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv Russia, tsim nyob rau hauv pawg, tab tom tsim nyob rau tib qhov chaw. Muaj tseeb, lawv hu nws Chain. Nws kho kom zoo nkauj nyob rau hauv ancient Egyptian style yog tiag tiag luxurious: friezes decorated nrog gilded ornaments, cornices nrog tsov ntxhuav, teeb, rosettes. Cov qauv raug tshem tawm tau ruaj khov rau ntawm cov hlua hlau, thiab tus choj tuaj yeem txav mus rau qhov hnyav. Nws yog kev xav paub rau cov neeg hauv nroog, thiab lawv nyiam qhov kev nyiam no. Nws muaj txoj sia nyob thawj qhov kev tsim kho tshiab los ntawm 1905 txog 1914. Tom qab ntawd nws tau renamed Panteleimonovsky. Teeb, teeb hauv pem teb, cam khwb cia hlau railings, entwined nrog ribbons thiab decorated nrog shields, kuj tshwm sim. Kwv yees li hauv daim ntawv no, nws tseem sawv, zoo siab nrog nws cov khoom kim heev hauv cov style ntawm classicism.

Varietyarchitectural forms

pib qhov twg yog tias koj xav pom nrog koj tus kheej ob lub qhov muag ntawm cov choj iconic tshaj plaws ntawm St. Petersburg? Cov duab nrog cov npe ntawm cov qauv tsim thoob plaws Neva tuaj yeem pom hauv yuav luag txhua lub nroog qhia. Tsis muaj tsawg nthuav yog cov uas txuas cov ntug dej ntawm Fontanka thiab Moika. Piv txwv li, Peter lub Great Choj muaj yees nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm lighthouses uas ci thaum hmo ntuj. Trinity yog suav hais tias yog ib qho ntawm qhov zoo nkauj tshaj plaws hauv lub nroog. Qee tus ntawm lawv tau txais lawv lub npe vim yog xim - Liab, Ntsuab, Daj, Xiav - thiab qhov dav ntawm qhov kawg mus txog yuav luag 100 m. Lub Hermitage drawbridge yog ua los ntawm pob zeb. Bolshoy Obukhovsky tsis muaj qhov sib npaug ntawm qhov ntev - 2824 m. Kantemirovsky yog tus yau tshaj plaws ntawm qhov hloov tau.

Thiab cov no tsuas yog qee qhov tseeb txog cov choj ntawm St. Petersburg. Cov duab, tau kawg, tsis tuaj yeem nthuav tawm txawm tias ib nrab ntawm qhov loj heev ntawm cov qauv no, ntau yam uas qhib lawv txhais tes rau nkoj thaum hmo ntuj.