Nyob rau sab hnub poob ntawm Russia yog lub nroog zoo nkauj ntawm Kaliningrad, nto moo rau nws qhov kev nyab xeeb me me, amber hniav nyiaj hniav kub, keeb kwm nthuav thiab pom. Txog rau thaum nruab nrab xyoo pua 13th, nws tau hu ua Tvangaste thiab yog Prussian fortification. Tom qab lub conquests ntawm cov cheeb tsam no los ntawm crusaders, nyob rau hauv 1255 lub Czech huab tais Premysl II Otakar tau txiav txim lub hauv paus ntawm ib tug fortress nyob rau hauv nws qhov chaw, hu ua Koenigsberg, uas yog, muaj koob muaj npe. Tsis ntev ib lub nroog tau tsim nyob ib ncig ntawm nws, thiab thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 14th, lub tsev zoo nkauj tau tsim nyob ze nws - Königsberg Cathedral. Niaj hnub no lub tsev no yog ib qho ntawm cov kev kho kom zoo nkauj tseem ceeb thiab feem ntau cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws uasi hauv nroog.
Lub tuam tsev tau tsim muaj xyoo 1333 los ntawm Npis Sov Siegfried. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis ntev nws tuag thiab kev tsim kho txuas ntxiv raws li kev coj ntawm Johannes Clare. Thaum pib, nws tau npaj los ua ib lub tsev teev ntuj-fortress. Txawm li cas los xij, los ntawm txoj cai ntawm Grand Master Luther ntawm Brunswick, nws raug txib kom tsim ib lub tuam tsev loj xwb.
Txoj haujlwm tau pib ntawm lub thaj thiab ua tiav los ntawm 1335. Ces pib kev tsim kho ntawm ob yees thiablongitudinal ib feem, uas yog npaj rau parishioners. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, lub Königsberg Cathedral (Kaliningrad) tau tsim ntau tshaj tsib caug xyoo, txog rau 1380. Lub tsev yog 101 meters ntev, 36 meters dav thiab 58 meters siab, coj mus rau hauv tus account qhov loj ntawm yees. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum muaj hluav taws kub hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 16th, ob leeg tau kub hnyiab, thiab tsuas yog ib qho, Sab Qab Teb, tau rov qab los, dai kom zoo nkauj nrog lub siab siab, thiab ib qho pediment tau ua rau sab qaum teb.
Koenigsberg Cathedral (Kaliningrad): keeb kwm
Bied nyob rau hauv 1344 nyob rau hauv lub thaj ntawm lub tsev, Npis Sov Johannes Clare tsis nyob mus pom kev fij rau lub tsev teev ntuj, uas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv 1351.
Lub tuam tsev muaj nyob ua ib lub tsev teev ntuj Catholic tsuas yog kwv yees li 170 xyoo, ua ntej cov tswv yim ntawm Kev Hloov Kho tau nkag mus rau thaj tsam ntawm Prussia. Raws li kev yeej ntawm Protestantism, twb nyob rau hauv 1523, Johann Brismann nyeem thawj evangelical lus qhuab qhia nyob rau hauv German nyob rau hauv lub tsev teev ntuj, thiab lub Lutheran lees txim tau lees paub tias yog kev cai dab qhuas. Tom qab 5 xyoos, lub tsev teev ntuj tau muab rau hauv lub nroog Kneiphof, thiab nyob ib ncig ntawm lub tsev nws tus kheej muaj kev sib haum xeeb ntawm cov txiv plig tau tsim nrog lub tsev teev ntuj, ib lub tsev kawm ntawv, vaj tse rau rectors ntawm lub tuam tsev, tus npis sov lub tsev thiab outbuildings..
University period
Nyob rau xyoo 1530, tau tsim ib lub tsev nyob ib sab ntawm lub tuam tsev, uas nyob hauv Albertina University. Txij thaum ntawd los, Königsberg Cathedral tau pib ua haujlwm raws li lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv nto moo, thiab txij li xyoo 1650 hauv nws.cov pej thuam yav qab teb tau pib ua lub tsev Wallenrod Library, uas yog ib qho zoo kawg nkaus sau ntawm scientific thiab kev cai dab qhuas manuscripts. Tsis tas li ntawd, nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, ib lub qhov ntxa xib fwb tau tshwm sim hauv lub tuam tsev, uas Immanuel Kant kuj tau faus. Nyob rau hauv 1924, nyob rau sab hnub tuaj ntawm lub Königsberg Cathedral, ib tug portico "Stoa Kantiana" raug tsa rau lub bicentennial hnub tseem ceeb ntawm cov philosopher.
Keeb kwm ntawm lub tuam tsev thaum Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob
Txog thaum lub foob pob xyoo 1944, Königsberg Cathedral sawv tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj. Hmoov tsis zoo, thaum muaj kev sib ntaus sib tua, nws raug kev puas tsuaj loj heev, thiab tom qab ntawd raug kev puas tsuaj. Lub tuam tsev kho kom zoo nkauj nplua nuj raug hlawv tag nrho. Tsuas yog ob peb lub pob zeb tombstones tseem muaj sia nyob, suav nrog monument rau Duke Albrecht ntawm Hohenzollern los ntawm Flemish architect thiab sculptor Cornelis Floris.
Tom qab tsov rog, lub tsev sawv tsis muaj ru tsev ntev ntev thiab maj mam poob rau hauv kev puas tsuaj.
Restoration of historical cuab yeej cuab tam
Nyob rau thaum ntxov 70s ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem, nws tau txiav txim siab los kho Königsberg Cathedral. Thawj theem ntawm kev txhim kho lub tuam tsev yog kev kho kom zoo nkauj ntau dua, thiab kev ua haujlwm puv ntoob tsuas yog pib xyoo 1992.
Vim tias lub tsev teev ntuj nyob ntawm peaty av, lub hauv paus poob ob peb millimeters txhua xyoo. Txij li thaum tsim lub tuam tsev, nws ntog ntau tshaj li ib thiab ib nrab meters, thiab lub kaum sab xis ntawm cov phab ntsa yog ntau tshaj plaub caug centimeters. Txhawm rau tawm tsam cov xwm txheej no, lub qhov rais cuav tau rov qab los rau xyoo 1903, tab sis lawv tsis tau pab ib qho twg,Yog li ntawd, cov restorers yuav tsum tau ua hauj lwm hnyav los kho lub zog ntawm cov qauv. Tsis tas li ntawd, plaub lub tswb raug teeb tsa nyob rau xyoo 90s, nrog rau lub pob zeb thiab lub moos ntawm Sab Qab Teb Ntauwd. Yog li ntawd, lub tuam tsev thiaj li nrhiav tau qhov ze ntawm qhov qub.
Kev piav qhia
Lub Königsberg Cathedral (Kaliningrad), uas nws daim duab yog adorned los ntawm ntau cov neeg mus ncig xyuas daim ntawv qhia, tau tsim nyob rau hauv B altic Gothic style. Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm architecture, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau nws cov pej thuam sab hauv nrog ib tug kauv staircase thiab nws arches, ib yam ntawm Sicilian architecture ntawm lub 11th-13th centuries.
Lub Kaum Hli Ntuj xyoo 1998, lub tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Immanuel Kant tau qhib rau hauv lub tsev ntawm lub tuam tsev, ib feem ntawm qhov nthuav tawm uas tau mob siab rau keeb kwm ntawm lub tsev nws tus kheej. Lub sijhawm tam sim no, kev ua haujlwm tab tom ua haujlwm los hloov Königsberg Cathedral mus rau qhov chaw tseem ceeb ntawm kab lis kev cai thiab kev ntseeg.
Lub tsev tsev Evangelical thiab Orthodox chapels, nrog rau kev ua yeeb yam classical thiab kev cai dab qhuas thiab kev sib tw thoob ntiaj teb.
Qee qhov tseeb
Cov thawj coj nyiam tua cov yeeb yaj kiab hais txog kev ua tsov rog hauv keeb kwm ntawm Kaliningrad, zoo ib yam li lub teb chaws Yelemees ua ntej ua tsov ua rog, thiab lub Cathedral feem ntau nyob rau hauv tus ncej.
Nyob rau lub sijhawm 750th hnub tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim lub nroog, ib lub thwj xa ntawv tau tshaj tawm qhia txog nws qhov kev pom. Ib tug ntawm lawv yog lub Cathedral. Qhov kev pom ntawm lub tuam tsev no tseem raug ntes ntawm kaum-ruble npib nco txog, uas yog ib feem ntawm Ancient Cities of Russia series, tawm xyoo 2005 nrog kev ncig ntawm tsib lab.
In 2007, KoenigsbergLub Cathedral yog ib tug contender rau lub title ntawm ib tug ntawm lub "Seven Wonders ntawm Russia", thiab nyob rau hauv lub xyoo tom ntej nws tau lees paub tias yog lub ntsiab cim ntawm lub Kaliningrad cheeb tsam raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm summing up qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov kev txiav txim "Seven Wonders of the. Amber Region."
Koenigsberg Cathedral (Kaliningrad): chaw nyob
Nrhiav lub tuam tsev no yooj yim heev, vim nws nyob ntawm ib lub koog pov txwv keeb kwm ntawm lub nroog - ntawm cov kob ntawm Kant, ncig ntawm tus dej Pregol. Qhov chaw nyob ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj yog 1 Kant Street.
