Naryn-Kala Fortress, Dagestan, Derbent. Description, ncig teb chaws, keeb kwm

2024 Tus sau: Harold Hamphrey | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:14

Lub Naryn-Kala Fortress (Dagestan) yog lub cim ntawm lub nroog Derbent. Lub citadel no tau suav nrog hauv cov npe ntawm UNESCO raws li keeb kwm thiab kab lis kev cai monument ntawm lub ntiaj teb tseem ceeb. Cov phab ntsa, cov rooj vag thiab cov yees ntawm kev tiv thaiv complex tau muaj sia nyob rau niaj hnub no. Nyob rau hauv lub fortress muaj dej cisters thiab reservoirs, da dej, ib tug ntoo khaub lig-domed lub tsev teev ntuj thiab lub Juma mosque. Ob lub tuam tsev kawg no yog qhov qub tshaj plaws nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation.

Cov kws tshawb fawb tseem tab tom sib cav tias Naryn-Kale muaj hnub nyoog li cas. Cov kev tsim kho ntxov tshaj plaws ntawm lub fortress hnub rov qab mus rau lub xyoo pua thib rau, thiab qhov tseeb tshaj plaws rau xyoo kaum tsib. Cia peb mus ncig ua si ntawm lub fortification thaum ub.

Naryn-Kala fortress: keeb kwm

Lub nroog Derbent nws tus kheej muaj ntau tshaj tsib txhiab xyoo. Nws ntseeg tau tias lub citadel, hu ua Naryn-Kala, uas yog, Hnub Ci Fortress, tau tsim los ntawm Shah Kavad nyob rau xyoo pua rau. Nws tus tub, Khosrov thawj Anushirvan, txuas ntxiv nws txiv txoj haujlwm thiab txhim tsa lub fortress phab ntsa thaiv txoj kev ntawm Caucasus thiab Caspian. Nws ntseeg tias nws qhov ntev yog plaub caug kilometers. Phab ntsa mus rau hauv hiav txwv, yog li thaivtxoj kev rau cov barbarians los ntawm sab qaum teb los ntawm cov dej ntiav thiab muab cov neeg tiv thaiv ntawm lub citadel nrog ib tug yooj yim chaw nres nkoj. Tab sis tag nrho cov tsev no muaj nyob rau hauv lub sijhawm ua ntej Arab ntawm lub Nrab Hnub nyoog thaum ntxov. Thiab niaj hnub kev tshawb fawb archaeological tau tshawb pom tias nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm lub fortress ntawm Naryn-Kala (Derbent), muaj ib tug qub kev sib haum xeeb nyob ib ncig ntawm ib tug phab ntsa ntawm raw bricks. Nws yog hnub los ntawm kev kav Yazdegerd II (438-457) thiab nyob rau lub sijhawm Albanian-Sarmatian thiab Sasanian lig. Tab sis tsis yog tag nrho. Cov cib nyoos tau muab tso rau ntawm lub pob zeb plinth. Thaj, qhov no masonry belongs rau cov phab ntsa tiv thaiv ntawm Derbent, uas muaj tsib txhiab xyoo dhau los.

Qhov twg thiab yog vim li cas Naryn-Kala ua

Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab Hnub Nyoog Kawg, lub xeev Persian tau raug kev tawm tsam los ntawm cov neeg tsis ncaj ncees los ntawm cov steppes ze ntawm Volga delta. Yog li ntawd, nws tau txiav txim siab los thaiv qhov hu ua Caspian Gates ntawm spurs ntawm Dzhalgan Range thiab hiav txwv. Lub resistant thiab txhim khu kev qha brickwork ntawm tuab thiab siab phab ntsa yog impregnable rau riam phom ntawm lub sij hawm ntawd. Tab sis txawm tias tom qab ntawd, Naryn-Kala fortress tiv thaiv ntau yam sieges. Tom qab tag nrho, thaj av tau pab cov neeg tiv thaiv. Nyob rau peb sab, tej toj roob hauv pes uas lub citadel nce siab heev.

Lub fort, tsis zoo li yav dhau los fortified complexes, tsis yog ib qho kev sib hais haum. Nws sawv ntawm qee qhov deb ntawm Derbent thiab tau nyob los ntawm cov neeg saib xyuas saib xyuas qhov nqaim. Tab sis lub fortress kuj yog qhov chaw nyob ntawm marzpans - Iranian tswv xeev. Yog li ntawd, tsis ntev nws tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev tswj hwm, kev lag luam thiab kev coj noj coj ua.

muaj zog citadel

Txog tam sim no, tib neeg xav tsis thoob los ntawm kev muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv ntawm lub fortress. Nws cov duab yog dictated los ntawm contours ntawm nyem. Lub fortress Naryn-Kala yog ib qho tsis xwm yeem polygon, piav qhia los ntawm phab ntsa peb meters tuab. Cov neeg tsim khoom siv txiv qaub mortar thiab pob zeb blocks rau soldering. Qhov siab ntawm cov phab ntsa no yog kaum mus rau kaum ob meters. Muaj cov yees nyob ib puag ncig - ntawm qhov deb li ntawm 20-30 m ntawm ib leeg. Thaj chaw ntawm lub fortress yog plaub thiab ib nrab hectares. Nyob rau sab qab teb hnub poob ntawm qhov chaw ruaj khov muaj ib lub xwmfab ntauwd, uas yog lintel nrog Dag-bara phab ntsa, uas kaw qhov "Caspian passage". Ib feem ntawm nws mus rau hiav txwv, thiab lwm yam mus rau lub roob. Muaj plaub lub tshav puam ntawm ntau theem ntawm lub fortress. Los ntawm sab ntawm Derbent, lub citadel tiv thaiv lub roob siab heev. Yog li lub chaw ruaj khov tsuas yog tuaj yeem nqa nrog artillery. Dab tsi tshwm sim nyob rau hauv 1796, thaum lub sij hawm Russia-Persian tsov rog.

Internal vaj tse ntawm Naryn-Kala fortress

Lub nroog uas saib xyuas ciam teb sab qaum teb ntawm Persia tau npaj rau kev tawm tsam ntev. Rau ib qho kev tswj hwm dej tswj hwm, cov kab hauv av tau tsim ua los ntawm cov toj roob hauv pes mus rau pob zeb reservoir hauv lub fortress. Ib lub tso tsheb hlau luam no yog … lub tsev teev ntuj ntseeg. Lub tsev ntoo khaub lig-domed tau tsim nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua plaub los yog tsib caug xyoo. Tom qab ntawd nws tau siv los ua lub tuam tsev ntawm cov neeg pe hawm hluav taws - Zoroastrians. Thaum Islam tsim nws tus kheej ntawm cov av no, lub tsev tau tso tseg. Nws maj mam mus rau hauv av thiab pib siv los ua ib lub reservoir khaws cia dej. Paradoxically,tab sis ua tsaug rau qhov no, pawg ntseeg tau muaj sia nyob rau peb lub sijhawm. Nov yog lub tsev teev ntuj qub tshaj plaws hauv tebchaws Russia.

YJuma Mosque belongs rau lub medieval monuments ntawm architecture. Nws tseem yog qhov qub tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv Russia. Nws kev tsim kho hnub rov qab mus rau xyoo pua yim. Tab sis nyob rau hauv lub xyoo tom ntej no lub tsev tau rebuilt ob peb zaug. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua kaum tsib, ib tug madrasah tau tsa nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm lub mosque. Kuv nyob hauv lub nroog Naryn-Kala (Derbent) thiab Shah lub palace. Tab sis nws tuaj rau peb hauv kev puas tsuaj.

Tsim Nyog Hnub Nyoog Tshiab ntawm thaj chaw Naryn-Kala

Lub fortress, thiab nrog nws lub nroog, tsis poob lawv cov tswv yim tseem ceeb txawm tias thaum kawg ntawm Nrab Hnub nyoog. Cov Derbent Khans nyob hauv lub citadel. Lawv tig lub fortress Naryn-Kala rau hauv lawv qhov chaw nyob. Lub Shah lub palace raug tso tseg, tab sis cov chav tshiab khan tau tsim nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm lub citadel hauv lub xyoo pua kaum yim (thaum lub sijhawm kav Fet-Ali). Tsis tas li ntawd, lub complex tau ntxiv nrog cov tsev tswj hwm. Cov no yog zindan (tsev loj cuj cellars), divan-khana (chaw ua haujlwm). Cov seem ntawm cov thawj coj ntawm Derbent so hauv mausoleums ntawm no.

Khan's da dej (XVI-XVII centuries) kuj tau khaws cia. Lub guardhouse belongs rau lub tsev nyob rau hauv Russia nyob rau hauv lub XIX caug xyoo. Tam sim no lub tsev no muaj lub tsev ua yeeb yam ntawm Derbent.

Achaeological excavations

Nyob rau xyoo pua nees nkaum, cov neeg keeb kwm pib ua haujlwm ntawm thaj chaw ntawm lub fortress txhawm rau tsim lub hnub nyoog tseeb ntawm Naryn-Kala. Ntawm chav kawm, kev tsim kho ntawm lub citadel thiab lub erection ntawm lub defensive phab ntsa ntawm lub Dag-bara, uas kaw lub Derbent txoj kev, nyob rau hauv lub thib rau.ib puas xyoo. Tab sis kev tshawb fawb archaeological tau ncua lub hnub nyoog ntawm kev sib hais haum rov qab mus rau qhov tob ntawm ntau pua xyoo. Nws hloov tawm hais tias thaum ntxov li yim xyoo pua BC muaj ib tug fortified kev sib hais haum. Stratigraphy ntawm kab lis kev cai txheej qhia tau hais tias nws tau ntsib ib tug nyuaj keeb kwm. Cov kev hloov ntawm cov tshauv ua tim khawv tias greying tau ntsib ntau qhov hluav taws kub. Tab sis qhov chaw nyob saum toj ntawm lub roob, uas lub fortress Naryn-Kala tam sim no sawv, yeej tsis tau khoob. Kev tswj hwm txoj kev hla ntawm Caspian thiab Caucasus yeej ib txwm tseem ceeb hauv kev ua tub rog thiab kev lag luam kev sib raug zoo. Kev sib haum xeeb tau loj hlob tsis tu ncua thiab txhim kho kom txog thaum Sassanian infiltration.

Open Air Museum

Nyob rau xyoo 1989, Lub Xeev Keeb Kwm thiab Kev Tshawb Fawb tau tsim tsa. Nws suav nrog cov cheeb tsam qub ntawm lub nroog Derbent thiab lub tsev khaws puav pheej "Naryn-Kala Citadel". Thaj chaw tiv thaiv npog 2044 hectares. Ntawm thaj chaw loj li no muaj txog ob puas thiab tsib caug monuments ntawm kab lis kev cai thiab keeb kwm. Cov no yog cov tuam tsev pej xeem thiab thaj chaw, cov tuam tsev ntseeg thiab Muslim, cov khoom qub qub qub tau rov qab los ntawm kev khawb. Tab sis tsis tsuas yog lub citadel yog nthuav rau tourists. Tsim nyog mus xyuas lub Nroog Qub. Derbent, uas nws lub npe txhais los ntawm Persian li "Locked Gates", yeej ib txwm tau inextricably txuas nrog nws lub fortress. Xyoo 2003, Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas UNESCO suav nrog tag nrho cov keeb kwm thiab kev tsim vaj tsev nyob hauv ntiaj teb cuab yeej cuab tam ntawm noob neej. Thiab nyob rau hauv 2013, raws li cov txiaj ntsim ntawm kev pov npav ntawm cov pej xeem ntawm Russia, lub Derbent fortress coj kaum tsib qhov chaw ntawm lub nto moo tshaj plaws thiab iconic sights.peb lub teb chaws.

Naryn-Kala: excursion

Tus neeg ncig teb chaw yuav tsum mus xyuas lub citadel ntawm nws tus kheej li cas? Ib feem ntawm Khan lub palace ntawm lub xyoo pua kaum yim yog qhib rau saib. Nws kuj yuav nthuav kom saib cov da dej. Cov qauv hauv qab daus no tau muab faib ua ob chav loj. Lawv nyob ib sab los ntawm ob peb chav me nrog vaulted ru tsev. Zindan underground tsev loj cuj kuj tsim nyog mus ntsib. Cov qauv no, kaum ib metres sib sib zog nqus, muaj cov duab ntawm lub jug. Cov phab ntsa nqes ua rau cov neeg raug kaw nce mus tsis tau. Qhov zoo nkauj tshaj plaws ntawm txhua lub rooj vag ntawm lub fortress yog Orta-Kala nyob rau sab qab teb phab ntsa. Koj yuav tsum paub koj tus kheej nrog cov dej xa dej ntawm lub citadel. Pob zeb thiab cov kav dej ceramic tau khaws cia. Thiab nyob rau hauv Derbent nws tus kheej, cov neeg nyob hauv tseem nqa dej los ntawm Khaibulakh thiab Dgiarchi-bulakh qhov chaw, uas yog muab los ntawm roob springs los ntawm ib tug qub aqueduct. Thiab ntawm chav kawm, koj tsis tuaj yeem tawm hauv lub nroog yam tsis tau mus xyuas Juma Mosque thiab lub tuam tsev Christian thaum ub.