Lub tsev khaws puav pheej tshuaj loj tshaj plaws hauv Moscow thiab Yekaterinburg

2024 Tus sau: Harold Hamphrey | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:14

Txhua tus neeg tsis koom nrog hauv kev kho mob yog xav paub seb cov cuab yeej tsis meej thiab txaus ntshai tau muab zais hauv qab daim ntawv tsis muaj menyuam hauv chav phais khaub ncaws lossis dab tsi tshwm sim hauv chav ua haujlwm hauv qab lub teeb ci ntsa iab. Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Tshuaj, tau kawg, nthuav tawm daim ntaub thaiv ntawm kev zais me ntsis, tab sis cov khoom pov thawj tseem ceeb qhia txog keeb kwm ntawm kev txhim kho tshuaj, kev ua tiav ntawm cov kws kho mob zoo, lawv txoj haujlwm thiab phau ntawv, duab thiab duab, khoom plig.

Kev piav qhia

Txog tam sim no hauv Russia tsis muaj lub tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm cov tshuaj ua ib lub koom haum ywj pheej hauv ib lub nroog. Lawv yog tag nrho cov koom haum koom nrog hauv tsev kawm qib siab, kev kawm, cov zej zog tshawb fawb kho mob lossis tsev kho mob. Cov tsim thiab cov neeg saib xyuas, nrog rau cov kws qhia, yog cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm cov tsev kawm ntawv saum toj no, uas yog, kws kho mob, cov kws kho mob, cov kws tshawb fawb.

Nws tsis tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv ntau lub tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm cov tshuaj, koj xav tau kev tawm mus rau kev tswj hwm thiab kev pom zoo ua ntej nrog cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm kev ncig xyuas. Feem ntau, cov neeg tuaj xyuas cov tsev khaws puav pheej no yog cov neeg hauv zos thiab tuaj xyuas cov tub ntxhais kawm kho mob,cov kws kho mob los ntawm cov nroog Lavxias thiab lawv cov npoj yaig txawv teb chaws.

Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm cov tshuaj hauv tebchaws Russia: keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim

Protomuseum collections twb tshwm sim nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th, feem ntau nyob rau hauv monasteries, qhov twg cov viv ncaus ntawm txoj kev hlub tshua kho tsis tau tsuas yog lub cev, tab sis kuj lub cev, raws li zoo raws li nyob rau hauv khw muag tshuaj.

Tus tsim ntawm Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Tshuaj yog Peter I, los ntawm nws txoj kev siv zog uas nto moo Kunstkamera tau lees paub hauv xyoo 1719 thiab tseem ua haujlwm hauv St. Tej zaum qhov no tsuas yog rooj plaub thaum tus kav pib tsim ib lub koom haum ntawm hom no. Feem ntau, cov tsim ntawm cov tsev khaws puav pheej kho mob yog cov tswv cuab ntawm cov zej zog kev tshawb fawb, kws tshawb fawb thiab kws kho mob. Kunstkamera yog ib qho ntawm ob peb lub tsev khaws puav pheej tshuaj uas txhua tus tuaj yeem tuaj xyuas.

Thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19, ntau lub tsev khaws puav pheej tau qhib rau ntawm lub tuam tsev kho mob: Pirogov Memorial Tsev khaws puav pheej, Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Lavxias Society rau Kev Tiv Thaiv Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv Hauv Tebchaws, thiab lwm yam. Thaum pib ntawm 20th. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua, thaum lub sij hawm tsim ntawm Soviet hwj chim, lub Moscow Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Social Hygiene pib nws cov hauj lwm. Expositions ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm cov tshuaj nyob rau hauv Moscow thiab lwm lub nroog (Kyiv, St. Petersburg, Yekaterinburg, Kazan, Novorossiysk) ranges ntawm memorial thiab keeb kwm mus rau kev lag luam. Piv txwv li, lub tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm kev kho hniav lossis kev phais.

Lub tsev khaws puav pheej kho mob loj tshaj plaws hauv tebchaws Russia

Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Kev Siv Tshuaj hauv Moscow yog thawj lub tsev khaws puav pheej loj ntawm nws hom tsis yog nyob hauv Russia nkaus xwb, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv Western lub teb chaws. Nws tau tsim nyob rau hauv kev taw qhia ntawm xib fwb Savelyev nyob rau hauv 1913.

Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm cov khoom pov thawj yog nyob rau hauv Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Keeb Kwmtshuaj ntawm ib lub tsev kawm ntawv qub tshaj plaws - University. Sechenov, uas yog nyob rau hauv Moscow nyob ze lub metro chaw nres tsheb "Frunzenskaya". Muaj ntau yam khoom pov thawj rau thaj chaw tshuaj hauv xyoo 1941-1945, "evolution" ntawm cov cuab yeej phais mob los ntawm cov ntoo thiab cov plooj (porcelain) rau cov niaj hnub no. Muaj ntau qhov kev pabcuam pom, khoom thiab khoom plig ntawm cov kws kho mob Lavxias zoo (Sechenov, Pirogov, Pavlov thiab txawm tias Chekhov, uas muaj kev kho mob luv luv).

Mechnikov Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Forensic Medicine hauv St. Petersburg yeej ib txwm ua rau muaj kev txaus siab tsis yog ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawm cov tsev kho mob nkaus xwb, tab sis kuj nrog cov neeg ntawm lwm txoj haujlwm. Txog rau xyoo 2000, tsuas muaj ib lub tuam tsev uas muaj kev pab cuam pom kev rau cov tub ntxhais kawm xyoo 6 uas kawm txog tshuaj forensic. Tom qab ntawd kev tswj hwm ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv tau qhib lub tsev cia puav pheej, uas tuaj yeem tuaj yeem tuaj xyuas los ntawm cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws uasi tau teem sijhawm los ntawm kev teem sijhawm. Ntawm cov khoom pov thawj txaus ntshai tshaj plaws, tus niam txiv ntawm tus ntxhais uas dai nws tus kheej hauv hav zoov, mummy ntawm tus neeg uas raug kev quav dej quav cawv zaum ntawm lub rooj, ntau yam kev raug mob pob txha taub hau, kab mob tib neeg lub cev, lub ntsws dub ntawm tus neeg haus luam yeeb hnyav thiab kev loj hlob. Kev tsis sib haum xeeb hauv cov kaus poom formalin yog qhov nco tshaj plaws ntawm no.

Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm cov tshuaj hauv Moscow

Muaj txog 10 lub tsev khaws ntaub ntawv kho mob hauv lub nroog, txuas nrog cov tsev kawm qib siab, tsev kawm, tsev kawm qib siab thiab tsev kho mob.

Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Keeb Kwm Tshuaj ntawm Moscow State University of Medicine thiab Kev Kho Hniav tau tsim muaj xyoo 1926 thiab tau mob siab rau rau kev lag luam tseem ceeb. Muaj cov rooj zaum kho hniav zoo nkauj raukev kho mob ntawm cov nom tswv, cov tshuab kho hniav, uas muaj tshaj 100 xyoo.

Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Kev phais plawv ntawm Lub Chaw Tshawb Fawb. Bakuleva ua kom pom ntau lub plawv li qub, chav ua haujlwm ntawm nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, cov cuab yeej siv rau cov ntshav ncig thiab tshuaj loog tau rov tsim kho dua ntawm no. Cov neeg ua hauj lwm muab kev kawm heev txog kev nkag siab ntawm tib neeg thaum ntxov ntawm cov hlab plawv.

Nyob rau hauv lub tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm keeb kwm ntawm kev phais muaj npe tom qab. Vishnevsky, koj tuaj yeem paub txog cov keeb kwm ntawm tus kws phais neeg nto moo Pirogov, saib nws cov ntawv thiab khoom plig, nrog rau thawj qhov chaw ntawm tib neeg lub cev, ua tsaug rau cov kws kho mob nres yuav luag "dig muag" thiab "los ntawm kov".

Ekaterinburg Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Tshuaj

Cov khoom nthuav qhia tau qhib thaum ntxov 80s. XX caug xyoo ntawm Sverdlovsk Regional Clinical Hospital No. 1 thiab muaj ntau tshaj 70,000 cov khoom pov thawj.

Ntau qhov chaw khaws cia yog txuam nrog cov haujlwm ntawm cov kws kho mob nto moo Ural Sheffer, Lidsky thiab Kushelevsky: ntawm no yog lawv cov khoom ntiag tug thiab khoom plig, sau ntawv thiab zaub mov txawv. Lwm cov khoom pov thawj muaj feem xyuam rau pej xeem cov tshuaj, suav nrog cov neeg Muslim, kuj tseem muaj cov koob tshuaj qub qub, cov kws kho qhov muag, kws kho hniav thiab kws kho hniav. Lub tsev khaws puav pheej muaj pub dawb rau txhua tus neeg uas xav siv tshuaj. Koj tuaj yeem hu rau tus thawj tswj hwm ua ntej thiab npaj kev ncig xyuas, qhov twg cov neeg ua haujlwm yuav zoo siab los qhia cov dab neeg lom zem thiab qhia txog lawv cov khoom sau.

RoleTsev khaws puav pheej ntawm cov tshuaj hauv zej zog

Ua ntej tshaj plaws, cov tsev khaws puav pheej no yog npaj rau cov tub ntxhais kawm uas tau txais txoj haujlwm ntawm kws kho mob, lossis rau cov tub ntxhais kawm theem siab uas xav txuas lawv lub neej nrog tshuaj rau yav tom ntej. Piv txwv li, Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Keeb Kwm Tshuaj hauv Yekaterinburg yog qhib rau txhua tus neeg tuaj xyuas. Txawm li cas los xij, cov neeg ua haujlwm nco ntsoov tias qee qhov khoom pov thawj zoo li creepy rau cov neeg zoo tib yam, yog li ib qho kev mus rau lub tsev cia puav pheej txaus rau lawv kom txaus siab rau lawv txoj kev xav paub. Cov tub ntxhais kawm kho mob tuaj ntsib kev nthuav qhia ntau zaus txhawm rau kom tau txais txiaj ntsig siab tshaj plaws rau lawv txoj haujlwm yav tom ntej.

Ua tsaug rau cov khoom pov thawj no, ib tus neeg nkag siab txog kev ua haujlwm zoo ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm kho mob, uas yog raws li kev paub ntau yam thiab tib neeg. Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm cov tub rog cov tshuaj qhia tias nws nyuaj npaum li cas rau cov kws kho mob thiab cov kws saib xyuas neeg mob ua haujlwm kho mob nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej tsis huv thiab tsis muaj kev hem thawj ntawm cov yeeb ncuab tawm tsam.

Tshuaj pov thawj tshuaj ua rau tib neeg xav txog lawv txoj kev ua neej, rov xav txog lawv tus cwj pwm phem, txaus siab thiab hlub txhua yam zoo nkauj uas nyob ib puag ncig peb.