Karkinitsky Gulf ntawm Hiav Txwv Dub: piav qhia, xwm, kev ua si

2024 Tus sau: Harold Hamphrey | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-02 09:50

Karkinitsky Gulf yog ib lub bays loj tshaj plaws ntawm Hiav Txwv Dub ntawm sab hnub poob ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Crimean ceg av qab teb thiab cov teb chaws Europe loj. Nws tau tsim los ntawm kev ua txhaum cai, uas kis tau raws li axis ntawm tectonic trough. Ntev - ntau dua 118 km.

Kev piav qhia

Karkinitsky Bay yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm cov ntug dej hiav txwv tawg. Nyob rau hauv nws cov kev txwv, muaj cov ntaub ntawv accumulative (Dzharylgach Bay, Bakalskaya Spit, Kalanchak Islands) thiab hauv paus txawm Peninsulas (Domuzgla, Gorkiy Ugol, Dengeltip), uas faib cov dej cheeb tsam ntawm lub bay mus rau hauv me reservoirs. Ntawm cov tom kawg, cov hauv qab no sawv tawm: Dzharylgachsky, Korzhinsky, Kalanchaksky, Wide, Gorky thiab Perekopsky bays.

Bakalskaya Spit faib Karkinitsky Bay ntawm Crimea mus rau sab hnub poob (txog 36 m tob) nrog cov xuab zeb, sib npaug ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv, thiab sab hnub tuaj (txog 10 m tob) nrog av nplaum shores. Hauv qab yog ua los ntawm xuab zeb, silt, plhaub pob zeb. Sand underwater ntug dej kuj muaj.

Lub ntug hiav txwv dej muaj qhov kev teeb tsa nyuaj vim muaj ntau yamme me bays thiab sandbars. Geologically, lub bay yog nyob rau saum npoo ntawm Karkinit trough, uas yog yus muaj los ntawm tectonic zog ntawm tus nqi ntawm 2.5-3.5 hli / xyoo. Cov dej kub hauv lub caij ntuj sov yog los ntawm +22 txog +24 ° C. Thaum lub caij ntuj no txias heev, lub bay freezes tshaj. Salinity yog 17-18 _0/00.

thaj chaw yam ntxwv

Qhov ntev ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Karkinitsky Gulf yog li 308 km, suav nrog 246 km hauv cheeb tsam Kherson. Lub bay yog 90 km dav thiab 118.5 km ntev. Thaj chaw yog 87,000 hectares. Qhov siab tshaj hiav txwv theem: yam tsawg kawg nkaus - 0.4 m, siab tshaj - 2.2 m.

Qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm qhov chaw nres nkoj tawm tsam qhov chaw nyob ntawm Zhelezny Chaw nres nkoj thiab Bolshevik yog 17-20 m. Qhov tob ntawm ntug hiav txwv kab raws tag nrho cov kab ntawm lub bay nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam Kherson yog li ntawm 0.6 m txog 0.8 m. 0.6m txog 4m.

Flora

Cov zaub hauv qab yog sawv cev los ntawm ntsuab, char, liab thiab xim av algae thiab hiav txwv nyom. Hiav txwv nyom (6 hom) thiab charophytes (2 hom) dominated nyob rau hauv dej ntiav, thaum liab algae (2 hom) dominate nyob rau hauv dej tob.

Flora ntawm thaj chaw dej yog sawv cev los ntawm:

• 11 hom macrophytes teev nyob rau hauv Phau Ntawv Liab ntawm Ukraine;
• 1 hom tiv thaiv raws li Berne Convention;
• 4 hom kab mob sib txawv ntawm ntau yam.

fauna

Ichthyofauna suav nrog 46 hom ntses, ntawm 4 yam muaj npe hauv CCU. Raws li kev tiv thaiv ntawm Phau Ntawv Liab ntawm Ukraine thiab kev ruaj ntseg thoob ntiaj tebCov npe tseem muaj 3 hom amphibians thiab cov tsiaj reptiles, 3 hom cetaceans (dolphin-dolphin, azovka thiab bottlenose dolphin).

Thaj chaw dej ntawm Karkinitsky Gulf ntawm Hiav Txwv Dub yog nyob rau ntawm ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws nyob sab Europe txoj kev tsiv teb tsaws chaw noog. Cov tsiaj ntub dej ntau tshaj plaws ntawm tag nrho cov ntug dej hiav txwv Dub yog nyob ntawm no (ntau tshaj 260 hom, ntawm 160 tau tiv thaiv).

kev txuag nqi

Lub ntuj complex ntawm Karkinitsky Gulf yog qhov tseem ceeb heev rau kev tiv thaiv cov neeg tsiv teb tsaws chaw thiab nyob mus ib txhis ntawm cov noog, cov ntses lag luam thiab kev txuag ntawm biodiversity ntawm tag nrho cheeb tsam Dub hiav txwv. Lub pas dej ua ke haum rau ntau tshaj 3 lab tons ntawm cov nroj tsuag hauv nws cov dej ntiav, uas yog 50% ntawm tag nrho cov macrophyte reserves hauv Hiav txwv Dub (siv rau qhov kev puas tsuaj tuag ntawm phytophthora hauv xyoo tas los).

Nyob ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm lub hiav txwv, cov tsiaj dej ntawm cov nroj tsuag tau nthuav dav, ntawm qhov chaw ua haujlwm yog Zostera Marina. Zostera nana kuj loj hlob ntawm qee qhov chaw hauv qab. Nws tsis yog qhov xwm txheej uas Karkinit Bay yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws raws li lub hauv paus zaub mov rau cov noog tsiv teb tsaws chaw. Thaj chaw no yog kev tiv thaiv los ntawm Ramsar Convention. Nyob rau hauv lub fauna nyob rau hauv cov dej ntawm lub bay, feem ntau yog muaj ntau yam hydroid daim ntawv (jellyfish, combs, thiab lwm yam), mollusks, crustaceans thiab ntses.

Swan Islands

Ib qhov chaw zoo nkauj tshaj plaws hauv lub bay, nyiam ntau txhiab tus neeg ncig tebchaws. Lawv yog ib tug ornithological ceg ntawm Crimean Reserve,npog thaj tsam ntawm 9612 hectares. Cov av muaj kev tiv thaiv raws li qhov chaw nyob rau ntau tshaj 250 hom dej fowl thiab lawv nres thaum lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav thiab caij nplooj zeeg tsiv teb tsaws. Ntawm lawv:

• herons;
• swans;
• waders;
• flamingos;
• pelicans;
• grey terns;
• ntau yam os.

Raws li lub tswv yim ntawm lub cev-geographical zoning, thaj chaw ntawm thaj chaw cia yog nyob rau yav qab teb steppe subzone ntawm thaj chaw steppe. Raws li geobotanical zoning, cov nroj tsuag ntawm Lebyazhy Islands tuaj nyob rau hauv Sivash koog tsev kawm ntawv ntawm lub Dub hiav txwv steppe xeev ntawm lub European-Asian steppe cheeb tsam.

Rest

Karkinitsky Bay yog qhov chaw so hnub so nrov ntawm cov pej xeem hauv zos vim nws cov xuab zeb ntev thiab lub plhaub ntug hiav txwv. Vim qhov nruab nrab qhov tob me me, cov dej sov tuaj sai sai - koj tuaj yeem ua luam dej hauv lub Tsib Hlis. Kev nyab xeeb yog me me, steppe. Nrov destinations ntawm cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws uasi yog lub nroog Armyansk, Krasnoperekopsk (ob leeg - Crimean Autonomous koom pheej), Skadovsk, Iron Port (Public of Ukraine).