Lub Nroog Shamakhi, Azerbaijan: keeb kwm, piav qhia, pom

Cov txheej txheem:

Lub Nroog Shamakhi, Azerbaijan: keeb kwm, piav qhia, pom
Lub Nroog Shamakhi, Azerbaijan: keeb kwm, piav qhia, pom
Anonim

Lub nroog ntawm Shamakhi hauv Azerbaijan yog ib qho chaw qub tshaj plaws hauv lub tebchaws, nrog ntau tshaj 2000 xyoo keeb kwm. Nws yog qhov chaw tswj hwm thiab kev coj noj coj ua ntawm thaj av Shirvan. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, cov pejxeem tau nce ntau, tshaj 30,000 tus neeg. Cov haujlwm tseem ceeb yog kev ua liaj ua teb thiab ntaub pua plag. Lub khw sib dhos ntawm Iranian Azsamand tsheb tau pib ua haujlwm tsis ntev los no.

Geographic information

Shemakha (Shamakhi) nyob ntawm qhov siab ntawm 749 meters saum toj no hiav txwv theem nyob rau sab hnub tuaj toj ntawm lub Caucasus, nyob rau hauv lub hav ntawm tus dej Pirsagat. Qhov kev sib haum xeeb yog ruaj ntseg los ntawm ib lub roob uas tiv thaiv los ntawm cua sab qaum teb. Yav dhau los, lub ncov nyob ib puag ncig tau ua cov ntsiab lus tiv thaiv thaum tawm tsam los ntawm cov yeeb ncuab. Thaj chaw muaj cov roob siab ntshiab.

Image
Image

Lub nroog Shamakhi (Azerbaijan) nyob 122 mais sab hnub poob ntawm Baku, ntawm txoj kev loj Baku-Gazakh. Qhov chaw tsheb ciav hlau ze tshaj plaws yog Desert Skys, txog 25 km sab qab teb.

Kev nyab xeeb yog qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov kub thiab txias ntawm lub caij. Yog hais tias nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov qhov nruab nrab txhua hnub kub nce mus txog +30 ° C, ces frosts yog tsis tshua muaj nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no. Los nag yog nruab nrab (595 hli hauv ib xyoos) nrog qhov siab tshaj plaws thaum lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav.

Lub nroog hauv Azerbaijan
Lub nroog hauv Azerbaijan

Seismic txaus ntshai

Shemakha yog ib lub nroog txaus ntshai tshaj plaws hauv Azerbaijan. Cov ntaub ntawv ntawm 11 qhov av qeeg loj tau khaws cia, tom qab ntawd qhov kev sib haum xeeb yuav tsum tau rov ua dua. Qhov kev puas tsuaj loj tshaj plaws yog av qeeg hauv xyoo 1667, vim li ntawd ib feem peb ntawm lub tsev tau tawg, thiab tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg raug tsim txom, raws li Persian keeb kwm, tau tshaj 80,000 tus neeg.

Ancient keeb kwm

Ntawm txhua lub nroog hauv Azerbaijan, Shemakha yog qhov qub tshaj plaws. Qhov kev sib hais haum yog thawj zaug hais nyob rau hauv lub npe ntawm Kamachiya los ntawm Greek-Egyptian geography Claudius Ptolemy nyob rau hauv lub 1st-2nd centuries. Nws yog ib feem ntawm Albania, ib lub xeev muaj zog nyob hauv Caucasus. Txawm li cas los xij, archaeological excavations tau nthuav tawm cov seem ntawm kev sib hais haum loj los ntawm nruab nrab ntawm thawj txhiab xyoo BC.

Lub nroog tam sim no tau muab rau hauv kev hwm ntawm pawg neeg Ijmah (Shamak), uas kav hauv thaj av hauv lub xyoo pua 4. Nws thib ob yug tau pib nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua VI, thaum tus kav ntawm lub Sassanid faj tim teb chaws, Khosrov kuv Anushirvan, tsim muaj zog fortifications. Interestingly, txawm tias muaj kev ruaj ntseg zoo, Shemakha feem ntau plundered los ntawm cov neeg nyob sib ze thiab ib pab pawg neeg nyob ib puag ncig.

Sunni Muslims
Sunni Muslims

Hnub Nyoog Kawg

Averagexyoo pua, lub nroog yog tiag tiag lub peev ntawm Azerbaijan. Shemakha yog lub chaw tswj hwm ntawm lub xeev Shirvan los ntawm 8th mus rau 15th centuries. Nws yog ib qho chaw loj thiab nplua nuj uas pauv nrog Persia, Caucasian cov thawj coj, lub khanates ntawm Central Asia, Is Nrias teb thiab txawm nyob deb Tuam Tshoj.

Nco txog cov tub lag luam Venetian thiab cov neeg sawv cev uas tuaj xyuas Shemakha xyoo 1476 tau khaws cia: "Nov yog lub nroog zoo, nws muaj li ntawm plaub mus rau tsib txhiab lub tsev. Txhob lo lo ntxhuav, paj rwb thiab lwm yam khoom tsoos yog tsim los ntawm no. Feem ntau ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv yog Armenians. " Los ntawm txoj kev, tom kawg raug yuam kom hnav cov cim tshwj xeeb ntawm lawv cov khaub ncaws uas txawv ntawm cov neeg Muslims.

Juma Mosque
Juma Mosque

Kev txhim kho ntxiv

Xyoo 1501, thaj av ntawd tau kov yeej los ntawm Persians. Caravans hla lub nroog mus rau sab qaum teb Caucasus, thiab tom qab ntawd mus rau Golden Horde thiab Russia. Cov nyiaj tseem ceeb tau muab faib rau kev txhim kho ntawm Shamakhi. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv 1647 muaj 70 mosques, 40 caravanserais, 40 lub tsev kawm ntawv rau cov tub hluas, thiab cov tsev nyob muaj txog 7000.

Xyoo 1721, cov Lezgins, nrog kev txhawb nqa ntawm Sunni Muslims, tsis txaus siab rau cov neeg txawv teb chaws thiab Armenians (uas yog cov neeg feem coob hauv nroog 60,000), plundered Shemakha, ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj loj rau nws. Ntau tus tub lag luam Lavxias tuag, uas ua rau Russo-Persian Tsov Rog ntawm 1722-1723. Tom qab ntawd, lub sij hawm muaj teeb meem ntawm internecine strife thiab punitive ua hauj lwm ntawm Persians tuaj, uas yuam cov thawj coj ntawm Shirvan tig mus rau Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws rau kev pab. Xyoo 1805, tau poob lwm qhov kev tsov rog, Iran raug yuam kom muab thaj chaw rau Russia.

Lub nroog yog lub peevkev tswj hwm ntawm Shamakhi (yav tom ntej Azerbaijan). Shemakha nyob rau xyoo 1859 tau dim ntawm av qeeg txaus ntshai, vim tias cov thawj coj tau hloov mus rau Baku. Qhov no ua rau poob qis, cov neeg nyob hauv tau txo qis rau 20,000.

Tom qab Azerbaijan tau txais kev ywj pheej, lub nroog tau txais lub zog tshiab rau kev txhim kho. Ntawm no, tsis tsuas yog cov kev ua si ib txwm khaws cia (cov ntaub pua plag weaving, viticulture, tsiaj ua liaj ua teb), tab sis kuj tseem qhib kev lag luam tshiab. Muaj cov chaw tsim khoom rau kev tsim khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab tsheb, lub chaw kuaj mob tau tsim, thiab kev sib pauv xov tooj niaj hnub tsis siv neeg tau teeb tsa.

Excursion tours rau Azerbaijan
Excursion tours rau Azerbaijan

kev lom zem

Kev mus ncig ua si rau Azerbaijan tau dhau los ua neeg nyiam ntau dua ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv Russia thiab Europe. Lub teb chaws txoj kev coj noj coj ua tau nqis peev ntau hauv kev tsim kho kev lag luam tourism. Ua tsaug rau cov monuments keeb kwm khaws cia, Shamakhi yog qhov yuav tsum tau pom rau pawg neeg ncig tebchaws uasi. Tom qab qhib cov chaw caij ski niaj hnub hauv cheeb tsam, lub nroog tau nce zuj zus los ntawm cov neeg mus ncig.

Pom dab tsi hauv Shamakhi? Ua ntej tshaj plaws, cov no yog:

  • Cov ruins ntawm Gulistan fortress, uas tiv thaiv lub nroog rau ntau pua xyoo, tab sis tam sim no feem ntau puas lawm.
  • Juma Mosque. Ib qho piv txwv zoo ntawm cov architecture ntawm Caucasian masters. Ib lub mosques qub tshaj plaws hauv Transcaucasia, ua hauv 743 thiab tom qab ntawd rov tsim dua.
  • Yeddi Gumbez Mausoleum.
  • Imamzade Mosque.
  • Alley of martyrs.
  • Shahandan Cemetery.
  • Heydar Aliyev Tsev khaws puav pheej.

Tom qab mus saib cov architectural sights, koj tuaj yeem tshawb xyuas qhov zoo nkauj ib puag ncig los ntawm sab saum toj ntawm Mount Pirdireki lossis ua kom koj tus kheej nyob hauv dej ntawm Zogalavachan reservoir.

Pom zoo: