Mir Castle nyob hauv lub nroog Mir. Nws nyob hauv cheeb tsam Grodno. Qhov no tshwj xeeb architectural monument yog ib tug tiv thaiv qauv. Txog 1568, cov tswv yog Ilinichi, ces - txog 1828 - Radziwills. Tom qab lawv, Wittgensteins yog cov tswv ntawm qhov chaw nyob kom txog rau thaum 1891. Cov tswv kawg ntawm lub tsev fuabtais complex yog Svyatopolk-Mirsky. Tom qab ntawd, lub tsev fuabtais Mir, cov duab uas tau nthuav tawm hauv qab no, raug xa mus rau cov tswv cuab ntawm lub xeev.
cov ntaub ntawv dav dav
Lub tsev architectural complex yog suav hais tias yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom loj tshaj plaws thiab cov cim tseem ceeb ntawm txhua tus qauv tseem muaj sia nyob ntawm thawj Gothic ntawm Republic of Belarus. Lub Tsev fuabtais Mir yog ib lub tsev square nrog sab txog 75 meters ntev thiab cov yees nyob ntawm cov ces kaum. Lawv qhov siab yog 25-27 meters. Thaum pib ntawm kev tsim kho, uas kav ntev txog 4 xyoos, plaub lub yees tau tsim, sib cuam tshuam los ntawm phab ntsa. Mir Castle muaj qhov qub layout. Cov yees yog tsim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm octagonal prisms, mounted, nyob rau hauv lem, ntawm tetrahedral sawv daws yuav. Qhov siab ntawm phab ntsa yog txawv - los ntawm 10 mus rau 12 meters. Nyob rau sab hnub poob (ntawm txoj kev mus rau Vilna) ib qhopej thuam nyob nruab nrab. Muaj ib zaug, nws tsuas yog nkag mus rau lub tshav puam tsev fuabtais, thiab muaj lub tsev loj cuj hauv qab daus. Lub tsev teev ntuj nyob rau hauv pem teb thib ob ntawm tus pej thuam. Nws yog los ntawm no uas cov hlau grate nqis los, uas tiv thaiv cov ntoo nkag rooj vag.
Chronology ntawm txheej xwm
Lub tsev tsim vaj tsev tau koom nrog yuav luag txhua qhov kev ua tub rog uas ib zaug tau hla tebchaws Belarusian zoo li cua daj cua dub. Lub sijhawm pib nrog kev sib ntaus sib tua Lavxias-Polish (1654-1667) thiab xaus nrog kev tsov rog Lavxias-Fabkis (1812). Lub sijhawm no, lub tsev kev cai dab qhuas tau rov ua cua daj cua dub thiab raug kaw. Lub xyoo 1665 thiab 1706 yog qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj yog deplorable rau architectural monument. Lub sijhawm no, nws raug kev puas tsuaj loj. Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th Mir Castle tau rov qab los, thiab hauv 1784 nws tau raug puas tsuaj dua. Nyob rau hauv 1812, muaj kev sib ntaus sib tua nyob ze ntawm cov phab ntsa ntawm lub tsev fuabtais complex, nyob rau hauv uas Davout tus (Fabkis marshal lub) cavalry thiab rearguard ntawm Platov lub thib ob Lavxias teb sab pab tub rog. Txij li thaum 1989, tus thawj Gothic masterpiece yog ib ceg ntawm National Art Museum nyob rau hauv lub koom pheej ntawm Belarus. Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 21st, ib qho kev tsim kho tshiab ntawm lub complex pib. Nws yog ib nqi sau cia hais tias nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, lub architectural monument tseem qhib rau cov qhua. Rau koj cov ntaub ntawv, kev mus ncig ua si rau Mir Castle tus nqi ntawm 120,000 bel. rub. (txog 400 Russian). Nyob rau hauv 2001, lub architectural complex tau muab tsub lub xwm txheej ntawm ib tug ywj siab tsev cia puav pheej.
Mir Castle: keeb kwm
Lub tuam tsev vaj tsev sawv cevyog lub pob zeb qauv, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov uas tau tsim nyob rau hauv XVI-XVII centuries. Raws li qee cov kws tshawb fawb thiab cov kws tshawb fawb, lub manor ntawm feudal lords siv nyob rau tib qhov chaw. Lub tsev fuabtais nws tus kheej yog ib puag ncig los ntawm thaj chaw tiaj tus, thiab tus dej Miranca ntws los ntawm nws. Lub hnub tseeb ntawm kev tsim kho vaj tse monument tseem tsis tau paub. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj cov lus qhia tias nws qhov kev tsim kho tau pib tsis ntxov dua 1522. Nws yog thaum ntawd tus tswv ntawm thaj chaw hauv zos, Yuri Ilyinich, tswj hwm nws cov khoom lag luam thiab kev sib raug zoo nrog Litavor Khreptovich.
Vim li cas lub tsev no thiaj tsa tau?
Cov kws tshawb fawb tseem tsis tuaj yeem pom zoo rau lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim lub tsev fuabtais. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tuaj yeem xav tias cov qauv Gothic tau tsim tsa vim muaj koob meej, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog muab qhov tseeb tias lub zos Mir tau suav tias yog qhov chaw zoo nkauj nyob rau hnub ntawd. Txawm li cas los xij, lub thickness ntawm lub tsev fuabtais phab ntsa (2 m nyob rau sab saum toj thiab 3 m nyob rau hauv qab), raws li zoo raws li lub tshwj xeeb peb-txheej sib xyaw masonry ntawm cib thiab pob zeb, hais txog qhov zoo tiv thaiv muaj peev xwm ntawm tag nrho cov complex. Nyob rau hauv qis qis ntawm lub facade, rab phom loopholes raug txiav. Kev sib ntaus sib tua nrog cov ntoo thuv muaj zog tau nyob ze ntawm phab ntsa sab hnub poob thiab sab qaum teb. Hmoov tsis zoo, thawj tus tswv ntawm lub complex - Ilinichi - tsis tuaj yeem ua tiav kev tsim kho, vim lawv tsev neeg txoj kab tau cuam tshuam rau xyoo 1568. Cov tswv tshiab - Radziwills - rov pib qhov project. Ua tsaug rau lawv cov dej num, cov tsos ntawm lub tsev tau txais cov yam ntxwv ntawm Renaissance. Nicholas Christopher Sirotka tau ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb rau lub neej ntawm Mir Castle. Nyob hauv tsev neeg muajRadziwill, lub complex suav nrog 3-storey palace tsim los ntawm Martin Zaborowski.
Txoj hmoo ntawm kev tsim vaj tsev monument
Hauv xyoo 1655, lub tsev raug coj los ntawm Cossacks nyob rau hauv kev coj ntawm Hetman Ivan Zolotarenko. Tom qab ntawd, kev sib ntaus sib tua nrog Russia, thiab tom qab ntawd Tsov Rog Northern, coj kev puas tsuaj thiab kev puas tsuaj rau yuav luag 80 xyoo. Tsuas yog los ntawm 30s ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th lub tsev kev cai dab qhuas raug txum tim rov qab los, tom qab ntawd ib lub tsev sab hauv, ib lub portrait gallery thiab chav seev cev tau tshwm sim hauv nws. Lub restoration tsis hla lub "Italian vaj". Xyoo 1785 Vajntxwv Stanislav Lub Yim Hli tuaj rau Mir Castle. Nws tau ntxim nyiam los ntawm kev zoo nkauj thiab kev nplua nuj ntawm kev kho kom zoo nkauj sab hauv ntawm lub palace. Xyoo 1813, tus tub huabtais kawg uas tau txais txiaj ntsig ntawm Radziwills, Dominic Geronim, tuag hauv Fab Kis. Nws tus ntxhais, Ntxhais fuabtais Stephanie, tau los ua tus poj niam ntawm Leo Wittgenstein. Nws tau txais lub tsev fuabtais Mir. Tom qab Stephanie tuag, Leo Wittgenstein tsiv mus rau lub teb chaws Yelemees. Nws tus tub, tsis muaj menyuam, muab lub tsev tsim vaj tsev nyob rau hauv nws tus muam Maria. Tab sis nws tsis tuaj yeem ua tus tswv ntawm vaj tse raws li txoj cai. Yog li ntawd, lub complex tau muag rau Tub Vaj Ntxwv Nikolai Svyatopolk-Mirsky. Tus tswv tshiab tau pib tsim kho tshiab.
Post-war years
Tom qab thaj tsam sab hnub poob ntawm Belarus tau koom nrog USSR hauv xyoo 1939, lub pov haum vaj tse tau suav teb. Txog rau xyoo 1941, nws tau nyob hauv tsev tsim khoom, thiab thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm Nazi - lub ghetto rau cov neeg Yudais thiab chaw pw hav zoov rau cov tub rog raug kaw. Tom qab kev ywj pheej ntawm Belarus1956 cov pej xeem nyob hauv lub complex. Qhov no yog ib feem ntawm qhov kev kho kom zoo nkauj sab hauv ntawm lub palace. Txij li xyoo 1947, lub tsev tau nyob hauv lub xeev kev tiv thaiv.
Architectural complex hnub no
Mir Castle yog qhov ci ntsa iab tshaj plaws ntawm Republic of Belarus nrog kev tsim kho vaj tse zoo. Tsis tas li ntawd, txhua yam kev coj noj coj ua feem ntau muaj nyob ze ntawm nws cov phab ntsa: jousting, festivals thiab concerts, scientific conferences thiab theatrical ua yeeb yam. Lub tsev fuabtais complex yog ib qhov chaw nrov tshaj plaws los ntawm cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws uasi.
