Stoglavy Cathedral thiab Ivan qhov txaus ntshai

2024 Tus sau: Harold Hamphrey | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:14

Stoglavy Cathedral ntawm 1551 tau cim ib theem hauv kev txhim kho ntawm lub xeev, tib neeg, kev ntseeg thiab kab lis kev cai. Thaum lub sij hawm ntawm lub Council, Tsar ntawm tag nrho cov Russia, Ivan Vasilyevich, yog nees nkaum xyoo, tab sis nws yog tus huab tais "nyob rau hauv lub hwj chim." Vim nws tseem hluas, Ivan Vasilyevich tau hlawv nrog kev nqhis dej rau kev hloov kho kom lub teb chaws los ua lub hwj chim thiab dawb huv Russia.

Nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 16th yog suav tias yog lub sijhawm ntawm kev hloov kho tshiab, thaum Russia tig los ntawm lub zog tsis muaj zog rau hauv lub tebchaws muaj zog tshaj plaws hauv Tebchaws Europe thiab Asia. Kazan thiab Astrakhan lub nceeg vaj tau kov yeej, muaj kev tsov rog nrog Crimean Khanate. Lub caij nyoog zemstvo ntawm Lavxias teb sab av pib, thaum zemstvos tau tsim, koom nrog hauv kev tswj hwm ntawm lub xeev los ntawm lawv cov neeg sawv cev. Cov tub rog tau hloov kho tshiab, thiab cov nom tswv tau tsim, tau pib ua se tshiab.

Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua XV, lub Byzantine faj tim teb chaws poob, ib qho kev tawg rau lub ruaj ntawm Orthodox Christianity, thiab Russia coj raws li nws tus kheej lub nra ntawm kev tiv thaiv Orthodoxy. Lub luag haujlwm tau teeb tsa rau Russia raws li txoj cai Orthodox, thiabqhov no yuav tsum tau hloov lub koom txoos. Kev cai dab qhuas kev nco qab ntawm cov neeg laity yog siab heev, rau ib tug neeg Lavxias teb sab tus ntsuj plig ib txwm sawv nyob rau hauv thawj qhov chaw, tab sis cov qib siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov txiv plig tau rhuav tshem tag nrho cov ncej ntawm kev coj ncaj ncees los ntawm lawv tus yam ntxwv.

Pawg sablaj pib nrog kev thov rov hais dua ntawm Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich rau cov txiv plig sib sau ua ke. Nyob rau hauv nws cov lus, uas tau piav nyob rau hauv thawj tshooj ntawm lub cathedral code (stoglavy cathedral), nws hais txog yuav ua li cas phem txhua yam nyob rau hauv Dawb Huv Russia: lub siab tshaj plaws hierarchical lub voj voog ntawm cov txiv plig tau mired nyob rau hauv qaug dej qaug cawv, debauchery, sodomy, uas tau yooj yim. los ntawm cov cuab yeej cuab tam, uas yog, muaj cov neeg nyob hauv av.

Tsis yog cov pov thawj ua rog rau lawv tus kheej los ntawm kev them cov av uas tau muab rau cov tuam tsev, lawv kuj tau txais "rugu" los ntawm lub xeev cov nyiaj txiag: cawv, zib mu, zaub mov, khaub ncaws.

Ivan Vasilievich thov kom cov txiv plig pab tswj tsev noj mov, txhiv cov neeg raug txhom thiab muab ib feem ntawm lub tuam tsev thaj av rau cov tub qhe, tab sis cov pov thawj hlob tsis xav tso lawv tej khoom thiab nyiaj txiag, thiab teb rau tsar nrog ib tug. tsis kam.

Stoglavy Cathedral yog 100 tshooj ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj code, uas piav qhia tag nrho cov lus hais, kev sib tham thiab cov lus teb rau cov lus nug ntawm huab tais, uas muaj 69. Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm pawg sab laj no yog qhov kev txiav txim siab hauv qab no:

- coj mus rau deanery tag nrho pawg ntseeg cov ntawv, uas yog, siv cov canonized nkaus xwb;

- cov kev pabcuam yuav tsum tau ua raws li daim ntawv qhia tag nrho;

- txhawm rau saib xyuas tus kheej nrog kos npe ntawm ob ntiv tes;

- xim cim raws li cov qauv (raws li Rublev thiab Grek);

- tshem tawmritual paganism;

- tshoob tau tso cai txij hnub nyoog 15 xyoos rau cov tub thiab txij 12 rau cov ntxhais;

- lub tsev teev ntuj puas taub txwv tsis pub noj strangled thiab ntshav (tsiaj thiab noog ntes tau hauv snares);

- Kev cai raus dej yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv dej peb zaug, tsis yog los ntawm dousing;

- qhov teeb meem nrog kev txhiv dim ntawm Polonyanniks tau daws;

- kev saib xyuas ntawm lub tuam txhab nyiaj txiag yog imputed rau cov neeg ntawm lub sovereign, thiab lwm yam.

Tab sis Stoglavy Cathedral tsis tuaj yeem npaj lub neej ntawm pawg ntseeg siab tshaj plaws, uas tau ua neej nyob hauv kev txhaum thiab kev sodomy.

Stoglavy Cathedral yog cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas qhia tau hais tias haiv neeg Lavxias nyob hauv lub xyoo pua 16th. Ntau tus kws sau keeb kwm, tsis muab qhov tseem ceeb rau cov kev hloov pauv tseem ceeb ntawm cov xyoo ntawd, tau thuam thiab thuam cov xwm txheej ntawm Lavxias Nruab Nrab Hnub nyoog.