"Stalin's Line": qhib sijhawm, duab, chaw nyob. Yuav ua li cas mus txog ntawm lub tsheb?

2024 Tus sau: Harold Hamphrey | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:14

Tsis ntev los no, cov neeg tsav tsheb tsav tsheb raws txoj kev Minsk-Molodechno tau ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab rau kev tshuaj xyuas txoj kev kos npe, uas muaj laconic inscription "Stalin's Line" tshwm. Niaj hnub no, ntau tus neeg nyob hauv Belarus twb paub txog qhov tshwj xeeb keeb kwm thiab kab lis kev cai complex. Lub "Stalin Kab" kuj paub sab nraum lub teb chaws.

Lub tsev khaws puav pheej qhib huab cua no yog ib qho chaw nyiam rau cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws uas nyiam nyob rau yav dhau los Soviet.

Creation idea

Lub keeb kwm thiab kab lis kev cai complex, hu ua "Stalin Kab", yog ib pawg loj, ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Belarus. Nws qhib tau tshwm sim thaum kawg ntawm Lub Rau Hli 2005, uas yog Lub Rau Hli 30, thiab tau mob siab rau hnub ywj pheej ntawm koom pheej ntawm Belarus.

Lub tswv yim ntawm kev tsim ib lub tsev cia puav pheej uas npog kev tsov rog nrog Nazi lub teb chaws Yelemees tau koom nrog Afghan Memory Foundation, uas koom nrog kev pab txhawb nqa. Qhov project tau txhawb nqa los ntawm Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm Belarus.

Kev tsim kho ntawm txoj kev coj qhov chaw los ntawm txoj kev siv pej xeem. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws tau txais kev txhawb nqa los ntawm ntau lub koom haum pej xeem thiab xeev, kev lag luam thiab tsuas yog cov neeg nyiam. Lub zog tseem ceeb uas tau koom nrog kev tsim kho lub tsev khaws puav pheej yog cov tub rog engineering ntawm Republic of Belarus, uas tau xa lawv cov chav nyob ntawm no. Raws li cov creators ntawm lub complex, no grandiose qauv yuav tsum perpetuate lub defensive system ntawm fortifications tsim ua ntej pib ntawm Nazi lub teb chaws Yelemees, thiab kuj yog ib tug cim ntawm lub siab tawv thiab heroic, selfless tawm tsam ntawm tag nrho cov pej xeem ntawm lub USSR nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm 1941 mus rau Xyoo 1945.

keeb kwm keeb kwm

Kev tsim kho ntawm Stalin txoj kab uas tsis yog tsev cia puav pheej tiv thaiv tau pib rov qab rau xyoo 1928. Nws tau tsim los ntawm tsoomfwv Soviet. "Stalin Line" yuav tsum tau ua ib qho chaw ruaj khov hauv kev tiv thaiv thaum muaj kev tawm tsam ntawm USSR. Nws yog tag nrho cov txheej txheem ntawm bunkers, nrog rau lwm yam kev thaiv kev thaiv, cov qauv thiab cov txheej txheem. Nws tau xav tias qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm yuav ua rau lub sijhawm ntev los txwv kev ua ntej ntawm tus yeeb ncuab. Xws li qhov sib npaug ntawm cov tub rog yuav tso cai rau lub sijhawm rau kev sib koom ua tub rog txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau tawm tsam kev tawm tsam.

"Stalin Kab" nyob qhov twg? Nws kev tsim kho tau pib nrog thaj chaw Karelian thiab Polotsk fortified. Nyob rau hauv kaum xyoo tom ntej no, fortifications tau tshwm sim tshaj 2,000 kilometers nyob ze rau sab hnub poob ciam teb ntawm lub Soviet Union. 23 thaj chaw fortified tau txhim tsa, txhawb nqa los ntawm 4,000 pillboxes. Ntawm lawv yog Mozyrsky thiab Rybnitsky, Novograd-Volynsky thiab Korostensky,Mogilev-Yampolsky, Kyiv thiab Tiraspolsky, nrog rau lwm cov kab.

Minsk yog thaj chaw loj tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv thaj chaw ntawm Belarus. Ntawm no, rau ib tug ntev ntawm 110 kilometers, lub "Stalin Kab" nyob. Lub tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm tib lub npe nyob qhov twg niaj hnub no? Nws tau tsim tsa rau ntawm qhov seem ntawm cov bunkers qub thiab cov qauv.

Nws tsim nyog hais tias Minsk thaj chaw fortified suav nrog cov tsev uas rov qab mus rau xyoo 1932-33. Lawv nyob tsis deb ntawm ciam teb sab hnub poob uas twb muaj lawm ntawm USSR. Txawm li cas los xij, thawj txoj kev npaj rau kev tiv thaiv cov hlua ntawm kev tua cov ntsiab lus thiab cov bunkers yeej tsis tau ua tiav mus txog qhov kawg. Nyob rau hauv kev twb kev txuas nrog rau kev hloov nyob rau hauv lub xeev ciam teb nyob rau hauv 1939, tsoom fwv txiav txim siab tso tseg no kev tsim kho nyob rau hauv lub siab ntawm Molotov Kab, uas yuav tsum tau nyob rau sab hnub poob, raws li cov tshiab tiv thaiv kab ntawm lub USSR.

Nyob hauv lub npe

Thaum lub sijhawm Soviet, cov saw hlau ntawm kev tiv thaiv ntawm lub xeev los ntawm Western lub teb chaws tsis muaj npe. Nws yog thawj zaug hu ua "Stalin Line" nyob rau hauv ib tsab xov xwm nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab-lus Latvian ntawv xov xwm Segodnya, uas tau mob siab rau rau cov fortifications. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov ntawv tshaj tawm tau qiv los ntawm Askiv tsab ntawm Daily Express. Tom qab ntawd, lub npe "Stalin Line" tau nrov heev nyob rau sab hnub poob.

KIC nyob qhov twg?

Cov neeg uas tau txiav txim siab los mus saib qhov kev nthuav qhia tshwj xeeb qhib huab cua, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho, muaj kev txhawj xeeb txog cov lus nug nram qab no: "" Stalin Line " nyob qhov twg, yuav mus li cas?". Lub complex yog nyob li ntawm peb caug kilometers ntawm qhov chawLub peev ntawm Belarus ntawm txoj kev mus rau Molodechno. Ib sab ntawm nws, tsuas yog 6 km deb, yog lub nroog Zaslavl, thiab nyob ze ze yog lub zos Loshany, Minsk cheeb tsam.

Txoj kev zoo tshaj mus rau lub tsev khaws puav pheej yog tsheb. Qhov no yog txoj kev yooj yim tshaj plaws thiab yooj yim tshaj plaws rau cov neeg uas txaus siab rau Stalin Line. Yuav ua li cas mus rau lub keeb kwm complex los ntawm lub tsheb? Ua li no, koj yuav tsum tau tsav tsheb tsuas yog 30 km raws txoj kev loj ntawm Minsk mus rau Molodechno (P28).

Lub xeev ciam teb ntawm USSR mus txog 1939 nyob ze ntawm lub nroog Zaslavl. Niaj hnub no, "Stalin Line" tau tsim los ntawm no. Yuav ua li cas mus rau lub complex los ntawm lub cheeb tsam chaw nyob? Ua li no, ua raws txoj kev Radoshkovichi-Molodechno.

Yog koj tsis muaj koj lub tsheb, tsheb thauj neeg pej xeem yuav coj koj mus rau qhov complex. Hauv qhov no, nws tau thov kom siv ib qho ntawm peb txoj kev ua tau. Thawj ntawm lawv yog ib qho chaw twg los ntawm kev tsheb tavxij nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia "Minsk-Molodechno" (nyob rau hauv No. 700-T). Koj tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv nws ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb ciav hlau los ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb, uas nyob ntawm txoj kev Druzhnaya. Cov minibuses no khiav txhua hnub los ntawm 6 teev sawv ntxov txog 8 teev tsaus ntuj ntawm 20 feeb. Tab sis yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias txoj kev rov qab los yuav nyuaj heev vim qhov kev thauj mus los no yuav dhau los ntawm lub tsev cia puav pheej.

Tseem muaj cov tsheb thauj mus los uas yuav coj koj mus rau Stalin Line nthuav qhia. Yuav ua li cas mus txog qhov no los ntawm hom kev thauj mus los? Koj yuav xav tau txoj kev "Minsk-Krasnoye" nyob rau hauv tus lej 482. Qhov kawg taw tes ntawm kev txav ntawm lub npav no yog nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam Molodechno. Siv rooj zaum hauv daim ntawv nokev thauj mus los yog ua tau ntawm kev sib tshuam ntawm Bobruiskaya thiab Kirova txoj kev, tsis deb ntawm Axis khw. Xws li lub tsheb npav tawm tsis yog raws li lub sijhawm, tab sis raws li lub tsev tos qhua puv nrog cov neeg caij tsheb. Davhlau nyob rau hauv kev taw qhia "Minsk-Sosnovy Bor" tsuas yog ua ob zaug thaum nruab hnub. Lub tsheb npav no tseem hla ze ntawm lub tsev khaws ntaub ntawv keeb kwm tub rog.

Qhov thib peb ntawm kev thauj mus los uas yuav coj koj mus rau Stalin Line ICC yog lub tsheb ciav hlau hluav taws xob. Daim pib yuav tsum tau coj mus rau qhov chaw nres tsheb "Belarus". Los ntawm qhov ntawd koj yuav tau taug kev lossis caij tsheb npav hauv zos.

Stalin Kab muab dab tsi rau nws cov qhua?

thaj chaw ntawm qhov chaw loj no nyob ntawm thaj tsam tshaj 26 hectares. Lub tsev khaws puav pheej yog thaj chaw qhib nrog cov fortifications thiab cov khoom siv tub rog. Yog li, cov neeg tuaj saib tau txais lub sijhawm kom paub txog ob lub thawv ntim khoom tsim hauv Minsk fortified cheeb tsam yav dhau los. Lub sijhawm ntawm lawv txoj kev tsim kho yog 1932-1933. Kuj tseem muaj ob rab phom rab phom semi-caponier, ob- thiab peb-qhov pillboxes. Lub KNP (cov lus txib thiab kev soj ntsuam) kuj tau rov qab los hauv lub tsev cia puav pheej.

Hauv bunkers koj tuaj yeem paub nrog rab phom tshuab, phom, khoom siv thiab riam phom los ntawm lub sijhawm ua tsov rog nrog Nazi Lub Tebchaws Yelemees. Cov qauv no tau nruab nrog periscopes, chaw nres tsheb xov tooj cua, xov tooj thiab cov nroj tsuag pom. Ncaj nraim hauv cov bunkers, cov lus nthuav tawm raug xa mus, qhov chaw hauv nruab nrab uas yog nyob hauv mannequins hauv cov khaub ncaws ua ntej ua tsov ua rog.

Ntawm lub square uas Stalin Line ICC nyob (saib daim duab hauv qab no), cov neeg tuaj saib tau txais kev paub txog lawv tus kheej.txhua hom laj kab uas muaj nyob rau lub sijhawm nyob deb. Ntawm lawv yog cov neeg tiv thaiv thiab tiv thaiv lub tank, ua los ntawm cov hlau, hlau, pob zeb thiab ntoo cav. Kuj tseem muaj lub platform nrog lub kaus mom armored, uas nyob rau lub sijhawm sib txawv tau siv hauv kev ua phem ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Republic of Belarus. Cov no yog German, yos los ntawm lub sijhawm ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib ib thiab thib ob, Polish thiab Soviet.

Raws li cov duab kos ua ntej ua tsov ua rog, lub tsev cia puav pheej tau tsim txhua yam khoom siv engineering uas nyob hauv thaj tsam ntawm Minsk fortified cheeb tsam. Qhov nthuav qhia nthuav tawm txhua hom trenches, trenches, nrog rau kev tiv thaiv tank ditches ntawm ntau yam profiles. Ntawm qhov kev nthuav tawm ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej zoo kawg no muaj cov dugouts tsim los rau cov tub rog, cov haujlwm rau phom phom.

Muaj peev xwm rau cov neeg tuaj saib

Saib ICC nthuav tawm yog qhov nthuav thiab qhia tau zoo. Tsis tas li ntawd, Stalin Line muab sijhawm txawv txawv rau cov neeg tuaj saib (saib duab hauv qab). Hauv lub tsev khaws puav pheej no, tag nrho cov khoom pov thawj tsis yog txwv tsis pub kov xwb. Ntawm no nws tau tso cai zaum hauv lub rooj zaum tsim los rau lub tshuab rab phom lossis rab phom, zoo li ib tug tub rog tiag tiag, taug kev los ntawm cov trenches thiab kev sib txuas lus, saib los ntawm periscope lossis qhib embrasure ntawm lub bunker, thiab lwm yam.

Ntxiv rau cov fortifications, Stalin Line tso cai rau koj kom paub ntau tshaj 160 qhov khoom pov thawj ntawm engineering, aviation thiab tub rog khoom.

Kev tsis sib xws ntawm txoj kev sib tw

Cov neeg tuaj saib ntawm ICC "Stalin Kab", tau nkag mus hauv thaj chawexpositions poob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob. Hauv qhov no lawv tau txais kev pab los ntawm cov khoom pov thawj khaws cia los ntawm cov xyoo nyob deb, ntau yam uas pom cov kab ntawm cov mos txwv, plhaub, nrog rau ntau cov hniav.

Cov neeg tuaj saib tau txais tos los ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm txoj haujlwm, hnav khaub ncaws ua tsov ua rog. Txhua tus tuaj yeem sim nws tus kheej hauv lub luag haujlwm ntawm tus tiv thaiv ntawm Fatherland. Cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws tuaj yeem sim cov khaub ncaws hnav thiab nkag mus rau cov qauv tiv thaiv, hnov qhov hnyav ntawm riam phom hauv lawv txhais tes.

Tseem muab rau cov neeg tuaj xyuas Stalin Line complex, ib qho kev mus ncig ua si. Nws yog ua los ntawm ib tug neeg ua haujlwm hauv tsev cia puav pheej hnav khaub ncaws tub rog.

Hnub nyob qhov twg?

Vim qhov tseeb tias qhov kev nthuav tawm hu ua "Stalin's Line" nyob tsis deb ntawm Minsk, nws yog qhov yooj yim tshaj rau cov neeg tuaj saib xyuas nyob hauv lub nroog. Tsis muaj tsev so ncaj qha ze ntawm lub complex nws tus kheej.

Khoom noj

Ntawm thaj chaw ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej tshwj xeeb muaj lub tsev noj mov nrog lub npe qub "Nyob rau H alt". Nws muaj kev sim ua tub rog tiag tiag cov nplua nuj porridge. Qhov no yuav ua rau koj hnov qhov huab cua ntawm kev tsov rog xyoo nyob deb ntawm peb ntau dua.

tsev neeg so so

Ntau tus neeg nyob hauv Belarus nyiam mus xyuas Stalin Line complex. Nws cov sij hawm ua hauj lwm yog xws li qhov chaw no feem ntau xaiv rau tsev neeg hnub so. Lub pas dej cuav tau raug khawb rau ntawm thaj chaw ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej, uas tuaj yeem ua lub nkoj mus ncig. Cov tub ntxhais hluas thiab cov menyuam yaus zoo siab sim lawv tus kheej hauv lub luag haujlwm ntawm "Voroshilov shooters", xyaum ua haujlwm hauv pneumatic tua ntau yam, thiab lawv niam lawv txiv tau muab.lub sijhawm los sim riam phom tiag tiag, khaws cia los ntawm lub sijhawm ua rog nrog Nazi Lub Tebchaws Yelemees.

Koj tuaj yeem ua kev lom zem rau Stalin Line ICC siv cov kev tau piav qhia saum toj no lossis los ntawm kev kos npe rau kev mus ncig ua si ntawm chaw ua haujlwm ntawm Afghan Memory Charitable Foundation. Kev ncig xyuas yog npaj los ntawm tsheb npav rau pawg ntawm 37 tus neeg lossis los ntawm minibuses uas muaj peev xwm ntawm 8 tus neeg.

Ntawm thaj chaw ntawm qhov nyuaj, cov neeg tuaj saib yuav muaj sijhawm los tua hluav taws los ntawm MI-40-41 thiab PPSh phom phom, Mosin thiab MP-44 phom, Mauser, rab phom Maxim thiab lwm yam riam phom siv hauv sib ntaus sib tua kom dim ntawm peb haiv neeg.

Cov neeg uas xav tau, pab pawg tsis pub tshaj kaum tus neeg tuaj yeem tso txoj hauv kev ntawm cov tsheb armored. Rau qhov no, cov tsheb tub rog muaj zog MTLB thiab BTR-40 yog nyob ntawm lawv qhov kev pabcuam. Ntawm no koj tuaj yeem hnov lub zog ntawm lub teeb ua ntej ua tsov rog tank BT-7. Caij rau nws kuj muaj nyob rau hauv cov kev pab ntxiv ntawm lub complex.

Hauv ICC "Stalin Kab" nws tau thov kom xauj tsheb ATV. Plaub lub log "tus nees hlau" no yuav nqa nws "tus neeg caij" los ntawm kev tsis tuaj yeem nrog cua.

Yog tias koj tuaj rau hauv tsev cia puav pheej, nyob rau hauv qhov qhib huab cua ntawm ib hnub so, tom qab ntawd los ntawm kaum ob mus rau kaum tsib teev koj tuaj yeem tau txais kev pom zoo los ntawm MI-2 nyoob hoom qav taub. Lub sijhawm nyob hauv huab cua, nyob ntawm tus nqi them, yog 15, 20, 30 lossis 60 feeb. Cov davhlau no yog ua los ntawm lub taub hau ntawm lub club ya, thawj-chav kawm DOSAAF tus kws qhia tsav, tus kws tsav dav hlau Nikolai Petrovich Mochansky. Ua nyob rau hauv lub nyoob hoom qav taub, koj tuaj yeem paub txog keeb kwm thiab kab lis kev cai "Stalin's Line" los ntawm qhov siab. Ntawm no, lub koom haum ya ya muaj kev xaj kom pom lub davhlau thoob plaws thaj tsam ntawm Belarus thiab ua qhov kev cob qhia uas npaj cov kws tsav dav hlau pib.

Nyob rau hauv nco txog lub tsev khaws puav pheej zoo kawg nkaus ntawm thaj chaw ntawm ICC, koj tuaj yeem yuav tub rog lub khob thiab cov paib, phau ntawv thiab daim ntawv qhia hnub, phau ntawv thiab ntau lwm yam khoom plig. Cov koom haum zoo siab los tuav ntau yam koom haum koom nrog hauv qhov chaw amazing thiab txawv txawv. ICC "Stalin Line" muab lub sijhawm tsis yog rau kev lom zem ua si nkaus xwb, tab sis kuj rau kev ua koob tsheej ntawm kev ua koob tsheej lossis hnub tseem ceeb.

Thaum twg koj tuaj yeem pom Stalin Line complex? Lub sijhawm qhib ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej no yog los ntawm 10 teev sawv ntxov txog 8 teev tsaus ntuj. Ib hnub ib lim piam (Hnub Monday) yog ib hnub so. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias nyob rau hnub ua haujlwm txij li 6 txog 8 teev tsaus ntuj muaj kev txwv rau kev nkag mus rau lub tshuab rab phom bunkers thiab artillery semi-caponiers.

Kev sib cuag

Koj tuaj yeem xaj kev mus ncig ntawm lub chaw haujlwm ntawm Afghan Memory Foundation, uas nyob hauv Minsk ntawm Sevastopolskaya Street, lub tsev 105. Yog tias tsim nyog, txhua tus tuaj yeem tiv tauj cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm Stalin Line complex nws tus kheej. Qhov chaw nyob ntawm lub tsev cia puav pheej: ICC "Stalin Line", txoj kev loj "Minsk-Molodechno" P28, 31 km, Loshany, 223038, Belarus.

Role in patriotic education

Rau txhua xyoo ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm ICC "Stalin's Line" nws tau mus xyuas los ntawm ntau dua ib lab tus tib neeg. Ntawm lawv yog ob tus neeg nyob hauv Belarus thiab cov qhua txawv teb chaws. Nyob rau hauv ib cheeb tsam ntawm ib tug tiag tiag grandiose keeb kwm thiab kab lis kev cai complex, ntxiv rau cov excursions ib txwmtas li tuav kev ua yeeb yam loj loj.

Lawv rov tsim kho kev sib ntaus sib tua uas tshwm sim hauv thaj chaw no thaum ua tsov rog tawm tsam Nazis. Hnub ntawm conscripts muaj nyob ntawm no, nrog rau cov hnub so kev tshaj lij ntawm cov koom haum tub ceev xwm. Nyob rau thaj chaw ntawm ICC, cov tub rog ntawm cov tub rog ntawm Belarus, nrog rau cov qub tub rog ntawm Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob, tau qhuas. Ntau yam kev tshwm sim thoob ntiaj teb thiab cov tub ntxhais hluas muaj nyob rau hauv lub tsev khaws puav pheej tshwj xeeb.