Thawj ntoo qhib fortress ntawm Borovitsky Hill ntawm ntug dej ntawm Moskva River tshwm sim thaum lub sijhawm Ivan Kalita. Lub Grand Duke tas li tawm tsam nrog cov thawj coj ntawm Tver, hloov lub zwm txwv ntawm lub nroog los ntawm Vladimir mus rau Moscow thiab tsim ib lub fortified citadel. Cov phab ntsa ntawm cov qauv kev tiv thaiv tau tsim los ntawm cov kws paub txog Moscow cov kws ntoo los ntawm oaks ntawm qhov dav dav. Ces lawv hu nws lub Kremlin.
Lub hauv paus ntawm lub npe tsis meej. Muaj kev xav tias "Kremlin" yog hu ua ntoo. Lo lus no yog txuam nrog lub pob zeb flint, nrog rau cov lus Greek "crimnos", uas txhais tau tias qhov siab saum hiav txwv. Nws tuaj ntawm Byzantine Greeks uas feem ntau tuaj rau Moscow.
Stone Kremlin
Nws tau tsim los ntawm pob zeb dawb los ntawm tus tub xeeb ntxwv ntawm Moscow tus huab tais Dmitry Donskoy. Txij thaum ntawd los, Moscow tau dhau los ua lub npe hu ua Belokamennaya. Rau Horde ambassadors, nws tau qhib, txij li thaum Dmitry Ivanovich rau lub sij hawm raug them tawm ntawm lub Tatars. Tab sis rau cov neeg nyob ze insidious, lub pob zeb Kremlin tau los ua ib lub fortress impregnable. Nws tau tsim sai heev. Tsuas yog ib xyoos xwb. Nws tau dhau los ua thaj chaw loj dua li cov ntoo, uas tau hlawv tawm ntau heev tom qab hluav taws kub heev thiab yuav luag sib npaug ntawm thaj chaw niaj hnub no. Los ntawm peb lub tsev sab hnub tuaj (Spasskaya,los yog, raws li nws feem ntau hu ua thaum ntawd, Frolovskaya, twb muaj lawm) cov tub rog tau taug kev mus rau Nepryadva.
Sab hauv, yuav luag txhua lub tsev, suav nrog tus huab tais cov chav, yog ntoo. Cov phab ntsa uas muaj zog no, tsim los lees paub qhov zoo ntawm Moscow tus thawj tswj hwm, tsis muaj sia nyob mus txog hnub no.
Italian ua haujlwm
Nyob rau hauv Ivan III, lub tsev loj heev tau tsim tsa - Moscow Kremlin, uas peb tau qhuas txog tsib puas xyoo. Peb yuav tsis tham txog cov tuam tsev, tab sis yuav tsom mus rau Kremlin cov phab ntsa thiab cov yees. Ua ntej, cov phab ntsa qub thiab cov yees raug rhuav tshem, thiab tom qab ntawd cov tshiab tau tsim los ntawm cov cib liab liab. Lawv txoj kev tsim kho tau siv li kaum xyoo. Qhov siab ntawm phab ntsa yog li ntawm tsib mus rau kaum cuaj meters, thiab qhov dav - los ntawm peb thiab ib nrab mus rau rau thiab ib nrab meters. Txog rau hnub no lawv tau ncig los ntawm cov hniav, txwv tsis pub merlons. Lawv muaj qhov zoo nkauj puag ncig forked kawg, uas yog hu ua dovetails. Tag nrho cov suav - muaj ib txhiab plaub caug tsib. Thaum xub thawj, kaum cuaj lub tsev tau tsim. Ntawm no, peb puag ncig sawv ntawm cov ces kaum ntawm daim duab peb sab, uas yog lub Kremlin. Lub rooj vag tseem ceeb dhau los ntawm Spasskaya (Frolovskaya) pej thuam. Ntawm no tus neeg caij nees yuav tsum tau tshem tawm, thiab txhua tus qhua yuav tsum tau tshem nws lub kaus mom. Tag nrho muaj plaub lub rooj vag.
Nkauj qub qub
Tom ntej mus rau Spasskaya Ntauwd, uas saib ntawm Red Square, Tsar txaus ntshai tau xaiv qhov chaw rau nws tus kheej hauv lub tsev ntoo me me. Tsis pub leej twg paub, nws nyiam, raws li cov dab neeg hais txog, saib cov dej num ntawm Muscovites thiab cov xwm txheej ntawm lub tebchaws tseem ceeb. Los ntawm qhov ntawd nws kuj pom taufrontal qhov chaw.
Royal Ntauwd ntawm Moscow Kremlin
Tag nrho Kremlin tau tsim los ntawm 1482 thiab 1495. Thiab Tsarskaya Ntauwd tsis zoo li tus pej thuam txhua.
Qhov no yog ib qho zoo nkauj teremok, uas tau tsim nyob rau hauv 1680 nyob rau hauv qhov chaw, raws li cov lus dab neeg, Ivan IV zaum. Tias yog vim li cas nws thiaj li hu ua - Tsarskaya Ntauwd ntawm Moscow Kremlin. Nws tsis muaj dab tsi ua nrog rau qhov seem ntawm cov yees, loj heev thiab xav tau kev tiv thaiv. Ntawm lawv, nws sawv tawm rau nws "khoom ua si" thiab zoo nkauj heev. Tsarskaya Ntauwd muaj thawj qib qis, tsim kom muaj peev xwm taug kev raws phab ntsa. Qhov thib ob - huab cua - pib nrog plaub lub pob zeb. Lawv muaj cov duab ntawm lub vase thiab dai kom zoo nkauj nrog ob txoj hlua dawb. Lawv tau txais kev txhawb los ntawm lub ru tsev ntsuab hipped ntawm yim sab, uas yog ua tiav los ntawm gilded ua hauj lwm huab cua vane. Tsarskaya Ntauwd yog elegant heev. Sab saum toj kab yog me me puag ncig pyramids nrog weathervanes. Qhov thib ob theem yog lub platform uas lawv tau nce mus rau lub tswb nrov thaum muaj hluav taws. Yog, Tsarskaya pej thuam ib zaug muaj lub tswb Spassky. Nws yog tsim nyob rau sab hnub tuaj phab ntsa ntawm Spasskaya thiab Nabatnaya yees. Coob leej txaus siab rau: "Lub Tsar's Ntauwd - nrog lub moos?" Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom hauv daim duab hauv qab no, tsis muaj. Lub moos ntawm Tsarskaya Ntauwd yeej tsis tau teeb tsa. Tsis muaj ib tug txawm tam sim no. Lawv tshwm sim nyob rau hauv 1585 ntawm peb lwm lub rooj vag yees ntawm lub Kremlin. Nws tsuas yog tias Tsarskaya nyob ze ze rau Spasskaya nyob ze.
Nws nyob ntawm nws tias lub suab nrov nrov nyob, uasua nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th. Tus tsim ntawm lub belfry coj mus rau lub tsos ntawm ib tug peculiar suab paj nruag, uas yog tawm los ntawm lub moos txhua txhua kaum tsib feeb. Tag nrho qhov siab ntawm Tsar's Tower tsis txawm ncav cuag 17 meters. Piv nrog Vodovzvodnaya - nrog nws qhov siab tshaj rau caum meters.
Saib lub Kremlin
Cov neeg tuaj saib yuav tsum yuav daim pib mus rau qhov chaw nthuav tawm ib ntus lossis mus rau ib lub tsev cia puav pheej. Qhov no muab txoj cai nkag mus rau thaj chaw ntawm Kremlin los ntawm Borovitsky lossis Trinity rooj vag. Rau cov tub ntxhais kawm thiab cov nyiaj laus, kev nkag mus rau thaum nthuav qhia cov ntaub ntawv yog pub dawb. Yog tias koj xav mus xyuas cov cathedrals, koj yuav tsum yuav daim pib ntxiv. Mus ntsib Belfry (qhov siab - 81 m), saib thaj chaw ib puag ncig los ntawm qhov siab ntawm nees nkaum tsib meters, koj kuj xav tau daim pib thiab … qee lub zog. Lub ascent yuav siv qhov chaw ntawm 137 kauj ruam. Muscovites tsis khoom mus ib txhis yuav tsum mus xyuas Kremlin thiab nws cov tsev khaws puav pheej ntau zaus, txwv tsis pub nws hloov tawm tias cov qhua ntawm lub peev paub nws zoo dua me ntsis.
