Ib qho chaw tshwj xeeb ntawm Teb Chaws Asmeskas lub peev, uas Washington yog qhov txaus siab rau, yog Capitol. Txhua leej txhua tus tau pom ib daim duab ntawm lub tsev zoo nkauj no ua los ntawm dawb marble. Nws nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm Capitol Hill, nyob ib puag ncig los ntawm lwm lub tsev tseem ceeb - qhov chaw nyob ntawm Lub Tsev Hais Plaub Siab thiab Lub Tsev Qiv Ntawv ntawm Congress. Tsis tas li ntawd nyob ze yog monuments rau Abraham Lincoln thiab George Washington.
Lo lus "Capitol" yog txuam nrog lub roob ntawm tib lub npe hauv Rome. Nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm, Senate tau ntsib nyob rau ntawd thiab cov rooj sib tham tseem ceeb nrov tau tuav. Lub npe zoo li no tuaj ntawm qhov twg hauv Ntiaj Teb Tshiab, ntau txhiab mais ntawm Rome? Lub roob hauv Tebchaws Meskas tau suav tias yog qhov chaw nruab nrab - theej, ideological dua li thaj chaw - ntawm Cheeb Tsam ntawm Columbia. Lub tsev no muaj keeb kwm nthuav, uas koj yuav kawm los ntawm kev nyeem cov kab lus no.
Tshuaj ib lub tsev
Lub tswv yim ntawm kev tsim lub tsev rau cov rooj sib tham ntawm Congress yog George Washington. Nws tau tso thawj lub pob zeb rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm lub tsev. Nws tshwm sim rau lub Cuaj Hlis 18, 1793. Nws yog ib qho nyuaj hais tias leej twg yog tus kws kes duab vajtsecov tuam tsev, txij li cov architects tseem ceeb tau hloov tas li, thiab txhua tus tom qab coj qee yam ntawm nws tus kheej. Tab sis lub ntsiab nta tau tsim nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Ottoman style. Lub tsev tseem tsis tau ua tiav thaum Congress ntsib hauv nws phab ntsa hauv 1800.
Lub nroog qub - Tebchaws Askiv - tsis tuaj yeem ua raws li kev ywj pheej ntawm Tebchaws Meskas. Xyoo 1814, cov tub rog Askiv tau hlawv lub Capitol (Washington). Nws siv tsib xyoos los kho nws. Tab sis kev tsim kho kev ua haujlwm tsis tau xaus rau ntawd. Los ntawm 1820 mus rau 1827, ib qho kev hloov pauv tau tsim los ntawm sab qaum teb thiab sab qab teb tis ntawm lub tsev, uas tau ua ib lub dome monumental. Peb caug xyoo tom qab, Congress txiav txim siab tias US Capitol tsis loj txaus.
kev txhim kho zoo heev
Twb txij li nws tau pom tias tsim nyog los nthuav lub tsev rau cov rooj sib tham ntawm Congress, nws tau txiav txim siab rov xav txog nws qhov tsim. Qhov project tseem zoo ib yam: classicism kab thiab dav dav faj tim teb chaws décor. Txawm li cas los xij, cov ntsiab lus tshwj xeeb tau ntxiv. Yog li, lub peev ntawm cov kab pib ua kom zoo nkauj tsis yog nplooj ntawm Mediterranean, tab sis cov neeg sawv cev "hauv zos" ntawm cov nroj tsuag - pob kws cobs thiab nplooj ntawv luam yeeb. Lub qub dome tau hloov los ntawm ib qho tshiab, cam khwb cia hlau ib, yim caum-xya meters siab. Cov phab ntsa ntawm lub tsev tau raug suav tshwj xeeb kom lawv tuaj yeem tiv taus nws qhov hnyav ntawm plaub txhiab tons.
Nyob rau xyoo 1863, lub tsev tau txais kev ua tiav tiav. T. Crawford tau tsa ib tug pej thuam rau-meter ntawm Liberty. Yog li ntawd, US Capitol, daim duab uas koj pom, tau txais kev pom niaj hnub. Tus qauv ntawm lub tsev no suav hais tias yog Roman Cathedral ntawm St. Peter, txawm tias qee tus kws tshaj lijpom hauv nws zoo ib yam li Parisian Les Invalides (tus kws kes duab vajtse Mansart Jr.).
Sab hauv
Thiab thoob plaws lub xyoo pua 20th, tsuas yog me me thiab architecturally inconspicuous modernization ntawm lub tsev tau ua. Cov cua kub nruab nrab tau nruab rau hauv Capitol (Washington) thiab cov elevator shafts tau teeb tsa. Tab sis nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua, lub tsev no zoo li me heev. Yog li ntawd, xyoo 1960, sab hnub tuaj façade tau txuas ntxiv los ntawm kaum meters. Yog li, vim muaj ntau qhov kev tsim kho dua tshiab, qhov txuj ci tseem ceeb ntawm marble dawb no tshwm sim ntawm lub pedestal ntawm Capitol Hill - lub tsev Congress.
Nws zoo li sab hauv zoo li sab nraud. Xyoo 1865, tus kws kos duab Constantine Brumidi tau kho lub dome nrog thawj fresco hauv Tebchaws Meskas. Nws depicts George Washington ncig los ntawm Olympian vajtswv. Brumidi pleev xim tsis tau tsuas yog lub dome, tab sis kuj Hall of Columns. Frescoes thiab friezes qhia txog ntau tshaj ob puas xyoo keeb kwm ntawm lub xeev.
Capitol-Washington: kev sib txuas tswv yim
Cov kws tsim vaj tsev tau ua haujlwm hnyav los xyuas kom meej tias lub tsev ntawm US Congress haum rau hauv lub nroog. Lub dome thiab lub Rotunda uas tau lees paub zoo ntawm Capitol tuaj yeem pom los ntawm txhua qhov chaw. Tsis xav tsis thoob: tom qab tag nrho, ib lub tsev yim caum-yim meters siab crowns saum toj ntawm lub roob tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv cheeb tsam. Tsis tas li ntawd, txhua txoj kev tseem ceeb ntawm Washington coj mus rau Capitol, yog li qhia lub xeev lub cim ntawm qhov chaw no.
Yuav kom tsis txhob kaw lub tsev majestic, tsis muaj kev txhim kho nroog nyob ib puag ncig. Nws tsuas yog nyob ib puag ncig los ntawm qhov chaw ua si dav nrog cov nyom, ib qhothaj tsam li ntawm 55 hectares. Lub National Mall, ib mais thiab 800 meters ntev, txuas lub tsev Congress nrog ob lub monuments: Lincoln thiab Washington. Tsis muaj qhov tseem ceeb rau cov neeg Amelikas yog cov tsev nyob ze, uas yog ib feem ntawm txoj haujlwm ntawm tsoomfwv cov tsev haujlwm: Lub Tsev Hais Plaub Siab thiab Lub Tsev Qiv Ntawv ntawm Congress. Yav dhau los, lawv nyob hauv thaj chaw ntawm Capitol. Cov rooj sib tham hauv Tsev Hais Plaub tau tsiv mus rau lub tsev tshiab tsuas yog xyoo 1935.
Ncig saib lub Tsev Capitol hauv Washington DC
Txhua xyoo, lub tsev nto moo tshaj plaws hauv Tebchaws Meskas tau mus ncig txog plaub thiab ib nrab lab tus neeg ncig tebchaws. Tam sim no, muaj txog 540 chav nyob hauv lub tsev dawb marble ntawm Capitol. Txawm li cas los xij, cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws raug tso cai tsuas yog ob. Koj tsuas tuaj yeem mus sab hauv ua ib feem ntawm kev ncig xyuas. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv yog dawb kiag li hauv Capitol. Koj tsuas yog yuav tsum qhia koj daim ntawv hla tebchaws ntawm lub thawv ntawv thiab nqa daim pib nrog tus lej.
Cov pab pawg tam sim ntawd tau coj mus rau hauv pem teb sab saud, vim ob sab hauv qab yog nyob ntawm qhov chaw ua haujlwm yooj yim. Saum toj no yog Pawg Neeg Sawv Cev (nyob rau sab qab teb tis) thiab Senate (nyob rau sab qaum teb). Saum toj no cov chav muaj tshwj xeeb loggias rau pej xeem, vim hais tias tag nrho cov rooj sib tham ntawm tsoom fwv tsis zais los ntawm cov neeg. Transparency (pob tshab) yog thawj txoj cai ntawm kev ywj pheej. Lub elevator yuav coj cov neeg ncig tebchaws mus rau pem teb sab saum toj, mus rau lub lawj saib, uas muaj qhov zoo nkauj panorama ntawm lub nroog. Hmoov tsis zoo, Tus Pej thuam ntawm Kev ywj pheej tsuas tuaj yeem pom los ntawm hauv qab no nrog lub koob yees duab. Nws yog qhov nthuav vim nws lub tsho tshaj sab muaj lub ntsej muag - hom khoom plig rau cov neeg hauv paus txawm ntawm North America.
functionality
NyobNws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau hais txog tias Capitol (Washington) tsis yog ib qho kev tsim vaj tsev xwb. Ntxiv rau qhov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo nkauj, lub tsev no muaj lub ntsiab lus sib sib zog nqus. Nws tseem ua haujlwm. Muaj cov rooj sib tham ntawm ob ceg tseem ceeb ntawm tsoomfwv Meskas - Senate thiab House of Representatives. Qhov tseeb tias tsoomfwv cov thawj coj tau sib sau ua ke hauv qab lub dome ntawm Congress tuaj yeem lees paub los ntawm cov chij nyob ib puag ncig lub tsev. Yog hais tias tag nrho cov yog nce, ces kev sib kho yog nyob rau hauv kev kawm. Tsuas yog ob daim ntawv tshaj tawm Asmeskas nyob rau pem hauv ntej ntawm qhov nkag txij thaum Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib ib tau ya tas li ntawm tus chij. Thiab yog li ntawd nws yuav yog ntev li ntev raws li lub tebchaws ywj pheej ntawm Tebchaws Meskas muaj.
