Donskoy Monastery hauv Moscow - keeb kwm, duab thiab piav qhia

Cov txheej txheem:

Donskoy Monastery hauv Moscow - keeb kwm, duab thiab piav qhia
Donskoy Monastery hauv Moscow - keeb kwm, duab thiab piav qhia
Anonim

Ib qho qub thiab zoo nkauj tshaj plaws architectural monuments ntawm 16th-19th centuries nyob rau hauv lub peev. Qhov no yog Donskoy Monastery. Txhua tus neeg hauv Moscow tej zaum yuav paub nws. Tab sis rau cov qhua ntawm lub nroog, cov ntaub ntawv hais txog nws yog dab tsi thiab yuav ua li cas los ntawm no yuav nthuav thiab pab tau.

Nws nyob qhov twg?

Keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim thiab kev loj hlob ntawm lub monument yog nthuav heev. Thiab nyob qhov twg Donskoy Monastery nyob rau hauv Moscow? Qhov chaw nyob yog raws li nram no: Donskaya Square, 1-3. Yog tias koj mus ntawm no los ntawm kev thauj mus los rau pej xeem, nws yuav muaj txiaj ntsig ntau dua los ntawm metro: raws Kaluzhsko-Rizhskaya kab mus rau Shabolovskaya chaw nres tsheb. Tom qab ntawd koj yuav tsum tawm thiab, tig sab xis, mus rau txoj kev Shabolovka mus rau thawj T-hlwb (kev sib tshuam nrog 1st Donskoy passage). Tom qab ntawd rov mus rau sab xis thiab, yam tsis tau tig mus rau qhov twg, mus raws lub tsev teev ntuj phab ntsa. Lub ntsiab nkag ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj yog nyob ntawm Donskaya Square.

donskoy monastery nyob rau hauv Moscow
donskoy monastery nyob rau hauv Moscow

1. Great Cathedral.

2. Me Cathedral.

3. Belfry nrog lub Koom Txoos Zechariah thiab Elizabeth.

4. Lub Koom Txoos Tikhvin.

5. Chav ua noj (XVIII caug xyoo).

6. Koom TxoosSt. John Chrysostom.

7. Archimandrite Chambers (XVIII caug xyoo).

8. Lub tsev teev ntuj Tikhon.

9. Lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm St. Alexander Svirsky.

10. Church of St. John of the Ladder.

11. Cells.

12. Theological Seminary (XVIII caug xyoo).

13. Chambers.

14. Cov kab mob fraternal (XVIII caug xyoo).

15. Chapel.

16. Lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm Archangel Michael.

17. Tsev kho mob hlwb.

18. Tsev neeg tsev.

19. Tsev neeg tsev.

20. Monastery laj kab.

21. Tomb of Levchenko.

22. Church of St. George the Great Martyr the Victorious.

23. Lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm Alexander Nevsky.

24. Tomb of the Prostyakovs.

25. laj kab ntauwd.

26, 27. Phab ntsa.

28. laj kab ntauwd.

29, 30. Phab ntsa.

31. laj kab ntauwd.

32, 33. Phab ntsa.

34. laj kab ntauwd.

35, 36. Phab ntsa.

37. Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm cov khoom siv tub rog.

38. Kev kub ntxhov siab los ntawm Cathedral ntawm Khetos tus Cawm Seej.

39. Gazebo.

40. Mosaic icon.

41. Obelisk, txoj kev kos npe.

History of construction

Nws tsis paub meej tias thaum twg Donskoy Monastery tau tsim. Feem ntau cov kws sau keeb kwm xav ntseeg tias nws tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 1591. Lwm cov kws tshaj lij ntseeg tias qhov no tshwm sim me ntsis tom qab: xyoo 1592-93. Cov lus dab neeg hais txog qhov xwm txheej ntawm kev ua siab dawb no plaub puas xyoo dhau los tau muaj sia nyob mus txog niaj hnub no. Nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua 16th, lub mobile fortification ntawm Lavxias teb sab pab tub rog nyob ntawm no, los yog, raws li nws yog hu ua, "taug-lub nroog". ATlub tsheb ciav hlau nomadic hail wagon muaj nws lub tsev teev ntuj camp, nrhiav tau nyob rau hauv Honor ntawm St. Sergius ntawm Radonezh. Lub thaj neeb tseem ceeb hauv nws yog Don Icon ntawm Leej Niam ntawm Vajtswv, ib qho, raws li cov lus dab neeg, uas cov txwj laus tau foom koob hmoov rau Tub Vaj Ntxwv Dimitri Ivanovich rau kev sib ntaus sib tua nrog cov Tatar-Mongols, uas tau nqis los hauv keeb kwm raws li lub npe ntawm Sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Kulikovo. Tom qab ntawd, nws tau muab lub npe ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj tsim los ntawm Tsar Fyodor Ivanovich xyoo 1593 hauv kev hwm ntawm kev cawm lub nroog los ntawm Crimean Khan ntawm Gaza II Girey.

donskoy monastery nyob rau hauv Moscow icons
donskoy monastery nyob rau hauv Moscow icons

Lub cim ntawm Leej Niam ntawm Vajtswv ntawm Don tau muaj sia nyob mus txog hnub no. Nws nyob hauv Tretyakov Gallery. Txij li thaum Khan Giray raug ntiab tawm ntawm lub nroog phab ntsa hauv kev txaj muag, peb lub nroog yeej tsis tau tawm tsam los ntawm Tatars dua. Thiab Donskoy Monastery nyob rau hauv Moscow los ua qhov kawg txuas nyob rau hauv lub defensive nplhaib ntawm lub nroog, nrog rau cov Novodevichy thiab Danilov monasteries.

Ancient Abode

Lub tsev teev ntuj no muaj txoj hmoo zoo. Muaj ntau xyoo desolation nyob rau hauv nws lub neej, kuj muaj ib lub sij hawm ntawm txoj kev vam meej, thaum nws los ua ib tug ntawm cov richest thiab privileged monasteries ntawm Russia. Nyob rau hauv lub era ntawm Cov Teeb Meem Loj, nws raug ntes thiab plundered los ntawm cov tub rog Polish, coj los ntawm Hetman Chodkiewicz. Nyob rau ob peb xyoos tom ntej no, desolation reigned ntawm no. Lub tsev teev ntuj tau rov qab los ntawm Romanovs: Tsars Mikhail Fedorovich thiab Alexei Mikhailovich. Txij thaum ntawd los, lub Donskoy Monastery nyob rau hauv Moscow tau ua ib tug nyiam qhov chaw ntawm kev thov Vajtswv rau sovereigns. Nws qhov chaw nyob yog paub zoo rau txhua tus neeg Orthodox. Qhov no yog qhov uas cov processions tshwm sim. Cov av ntawm lub monastery yog nthuav. Cov tuam tsev tshiab pob zeb raug txhim tsa. Nyobua ib tug loj tshaj plaws, richest thiab feem ntau revered nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws. Xyoo 1698, ntawm kev cog lus ntawm tus viv ncaus ntawm Tsar Peter I, lub tsev teev ntuj tshiab zoo nkauj tau tsim tsa ntawm no ua kev qhuas ntawm Don Icon, uas tam sim no hu ua Bolshoi.

donskoy monastery nyob rau hauv Moscow yees duab
donskoy monastery nyob rau hauv Moscow yees duab

Kev tsim kho tau nyiaj txiag los ntawm huab tais lub txhab nyiaj. Cov phab ntsa ntawm lub tuam tsev tau dai kom zoo nkauj. Lawv tau pleev xim los ntawm nto moo Italian Antonio Claudio. Txog rau hnub no, ib qho loj 8-tiered iconostasis nrog cov cim pleev xim rau hauv cov style ntawm "Fryazhsky sau" tau khaws cia. Lub Yim Hli 21 ntawm tib lub xyoo, lub tsev teev ntuj tau fij tseg los ntawm Metropolitan Tikhon. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, ib phab ntsa nrog kaum ob lub yees tau ua rau ntawm no, sab nraud zoo li lub laj kab ntawm Novodevichy Convent. Nyob rau hauv 1712, lub Koom Txoos ntawm Kev nthuav qhia ntawm tus Tswv tau muab fij rau hauv lub thaj ntawm Great Cathedral. Cov nyiaj rau nws kev tsim kho tau pub dawb los ntawm huab tais ntawm ib cheeb tsam ntawm Georgia, Archil, uas tom qab ntawd tau faus rau ntawm no nrog nws cov tub. Txij thaum ntawd los, lub tsev teev ntuj no tau dhau los ua qhov chaw faus rau ntau tus neeg Georgian kab lis kev cai thiab nom tswv. Tsis tas li ntawd, Donskoy Monastery tswj kev sib cuag nrog Ukraine. Yog li ntawd, lub sij hawm no lub monastery ua tsis tau tsuas yog ib tug ntawm sab ntsuj plig unifying center, tab sis kuj yog ib tug nom tswv. Lub xyoo pua 18th yog lub sijhawm ntawm kev vam meej rau lub tsev teev ntuj. Nws dhau los ua kev lag luam nplua nuj feudal, tswj hwm thaj av loj thiab ntau tus ntsuj plig. Cov tsev tshiab tab tom tuaj. Ib qho kev tsim vaj tsev zoo nkauj tau tsim, uas tuaj yeem pom hauv peb lub sijhawm. Lub Necropolis tab tom tsim kho. Lub monastery dhau los ua qhov chaw so ntawm ntau tus neeg nto moo ntawm peb lub sijhawm. Saib tom ntej, nws tsim nyog hais tias nyob rau lub sijhawm sib txawv nws tau los ua ib qho chawQhov chaw faus neeg ntawm Georgian vaj ntxwv David, Matvey thiab Alexander, philosopher P. Chaadaev, kws sau paj lug M. Kheraskov thiab A. Sumarokov, kws sau ntawv V. Odoevsky, historian V. Klyuchevsky, kws kes duab vajtse O. Bove, artist V Perov, kws sau ntawv I. Shmelev, philosopher I. A. Ilyin thiab General A. I. Denikin. Ntawm no, xyoo 2008, tus kws sau ntawv Lavxias nto moo A. Solzhenitsyn raug faus. Thiab lub toj ntxas ntawm Donskoy Monastery nyob rau hauv Moscow tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv 1591. Tam sim no nws muab faib ua Qub thiab Tshiab. Qhov no yuav tham hauv qab no.

Kev txom nyem thaum lub sijhawm Plague Riot

Nyob rau xyoo 1771, ib qho ntawm cov xwm txheej tsaus ntuj uas paub zoo tshaj plaws ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd tau tshwm sim ntawm no. Peb tab tom tham txog kev tua neeg nyob rau hauv cov phab ntsa ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm Archbishop Ambrose. Nws yog lub sijhawm txaus ntshai - kev kub ntxhov hauv lub tebchaws. Ib tug kab mob loj heev raged, thov ntau txhiab tus neeg. Muaj ib lub tswv yim hais tias tus kab mob plague tau coj mus rau Moscow los ntawm lub hiav txwv Dub lub teb chaws thaum lub sij hawm Russia-Turkish ua tsov ua rog. Tus kab mob no tau tsim sai heev, npog ntau thiab ntau thaj chaw tshiab thiab cov tsev ntawm lub peev. Cov neeg tuag tau nce txhua hnub. Cov neeg nyob hauv ib qho kev ceeb ntshai. Tsis muaj hleb txaus. Ntawm txoj kev ntawm Moscow ib tug tuaj yeem pom cov neeg mob, noj qab nyob zoo, thiab cov neeg tuag. Ntxiv mus, cov neeg tuag feem ntau tsuas yog muab pov tawm hauv tsev. Lawv nyob ntawm txoj kev. Raws li cov xwm txheej zoo li no, tus kab mob plague tau kov yeej thaj chaw tshiab sai sai. Cov kws kho mob feem ntau tsis ua dab tsi los pab cov neeg mob. Cov neeg nrhiav kev cawmdim hauv kev ntseeg ntawm tus Tswv. Cov neeg sib sau ua ke txhua hnub ntawm lub rooj vag Varvarsky hauv Kitay-gorod ze ntawm lub cim tseem ceeb ntawm Bogolyubskaya Niam ntawm Vajtswv. Ob tus neeg mob thiab noj qab haus huv tau hnia lub thaj neeb, pab txhawb kev sib kis. Archbishop Ambrose, paub qhov no, txwv tsis pub thov Vajtswv, thiab nws tus kheejkom tshem tawm lub icon. Tag kis sawv ntxov tom qab ntawd cov neeg coob coob tau mus tsoo Chudov Monastery hauv Kremlin. Thiab tsis ntev cov neeg ntxeev siab mus txog Donskoy Monastery, nyob rau hauv uas nws phab ntsa Ambrose tau chaw nkaum.

Keeb kwm ntawm Donskoy Monastery nyob rau hauv Moscow
Keeb kwm ntawm Donskoy Monastery nyob rau hauv Moscow

Cov neeg ntxeev siab tua tus thawj tswj hwm, thiab tom qab ntawd pib rhuav tshem cov tsev ntawm cov nom tswv thiab cov chaw tawm tsam. Peb hnub tom qab, qhov kev tawm tsam nrov tau tsoo. Los ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm Catherine II, cov neeg tua neeg ntawm Ambrose raug tua los ntawm kev dai ntawm Red Square. Tus kab mob plague tau ua rau ze li 57,000 tus neeg tuag.

Kev hloov pauv hauv lub xyoo pua 19th

Nco ntsoov tias txij li xyoo 1764 lub tsev teev ntuj tau txais cov xwm txheej ntawm stauropegial. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias los ntawm tam sim no mus rau nws yog subordinate rau tus Vaj Ntsuj Synod thiab muaj cai los ntawm nws tus kheej xaiv lub archimandrite. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua puv 19, txoj hmoo ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj tau hloov pauv ntau dua ib zaug. Keeb kwm ntawm Donskoy Monastery tab tom ua ib qho tshiab. Nyob rau hauv Moscow nyob rau hauv 1812, desolation reigned. Ntau tus neeg nyob hauv lub nroog tau tawm ntawm lub sijhawm no. Fabkis, coj los ntawm Napoleon, tau nce qib. Nws pom tseeb rau txhua tus tias cov yeeb ncuab yuav nyob hauv lub nroog. Tsis ntev qhov no tshwm sim. Lub tsev teev ntuj Don tau plundered los ntawm Fabkis. Qhov hluav taws kub nyhiab hauv Moscow hauv xyoo 1812 tau rhuav tshem ntau lub tsev thiab kev coj noj coj ua. Tab sis tsis ntev, kev txhim kho lub nroog pib. Lub monastery kuj tau tsim kho dua tshiab. Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua, Pawg Neeg Ntseeg thiab Censorship tau nyob hauv lub tsev teev ntuj, tom qab ntawd tau tsiv mus rau Trinity-Sergius Lavra. Txij li thaum 1834, muaj ib lub tsev kawm ntawv theological, uas tau npaj cov neeg sib tw rau seminarians, thiab txij li xyoo 1909, lub tsev kawm ntawv rau kev cob qhia cov tub ntxhais kawm. Tsis tas li ntawd nyob rau hauv lub monastery lub sij hawm no muaj ib tug icon-painting chamber npe tom qab. Seleznev. Ua noj ntawm nocov neeg pleev kob, ua haujlwm ntawm kev txiav txim. Nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj, lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm Archangel Michael thiab lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm St. John Chrysostom tab tom ua. Txhua xyoo nyob rau lub Yim Hli 19, nyob rau lub sijhawm no, hnub ntawm Don Icon ua kev zoo siab. Hnub no, kev cai dab qhuas tau ua rau lub tsev teev ntuj los ntawm Assumption Cathedral ntawm Kremlin. Tam sim no, muaj kev cob qhia kub paj ntaub. Cov neeg uas xav kawm txog kev kos duab ntawm paj ntaub nrog kub threads nyiam mus rau Donskoy Monastery nyob rau hauv Moscow. Kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws uasi hais tias qhov kev zoo nkauj ntawm cov khoom siv tes ua hauv zos tsuas yog amazing. Cov kev kawm hauv lub studio yuav pab koj paub cov txheej txheem qub ntawm lub ntsej muag thiab kub paj ntaub, uas tau siv txij thaum ub los rau kev pleev xim rau lub tsev teev ntuj.

Tom qab lub Kaum Hli Ntuj xyoo 1917

Lub xyoo pua 20th coj ntau yam kev nyuaj rau zej zog. Lub kiv puag ncig nyob rau hauv Lub kaum hli ntuj 1917 pab txhawb rau lub fact tias lub Donskoy Monastery nyob rau hauv Moscow tau raug kaw. Txawm li cas los xij, kev pabcuam hauv cov tuam tsev txuas ntxiv ntawm no rau qee lub sijhawm. Tsis tas li ntawd, ntau lub koom haum Soviet nyob ntawm no, thiab tom qab ntawd - cov menyuam yaus txoj haujlwm ua haujlwm. Nws yog lub npe hu hais tias cov neeg uas txeeb hwj chim nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws nyob rau lub sij hawm ntawd tsis tau tsuas yog tsis nyiam cov txiv plig, tab sis kuj tau tsim kev tsim txom hnyav rau cov ntseeg. Nyob rau xyoo 1920, kev tawm tsam kev ntseeg tau muaj nyob rau hauv cov phab ntsa ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj. Tsis ntev tom qab ntawd, lub npe hu ua Anti-Religious Museum of Art tau qhib rau ntawm no. Lub Tsib Hlis 1922, Patriarch Tikhon raug coj los ua neeg raug kaw. Ntawm no nws tau siv sijhawm feem ntau ntawm nws qhov raug kaw. Txawm hais tias raug ntes tas li thiab kev puas siab puas ntsws los ntawm cov tub ceev xwm Soviet, Tikhon tau tswj hwm lub Koom Txoos hauv qhov nyuaj nolub sijhawm rau nws. Nws tswj tau ua ntau yam rau kev sib sau ntawm cov neeg Lavxias. Tus yawg koob tau txiav txim siab rau kev txeeb ntawm lub koom txoos cov khoom muaj nqis los ntawm lub xeev, hais kom cov neeg ncaj ncees sawv ntsug rau cov neeg raug tsim txom thiab "tam sim no raug tsim txom peb leej niam dawb huv." Thaum lub Kaum Ob Hlis Ntuj xyoo 1924, muaj kev sim tua neeg ntawm Tikhon, uas nyob hauv ib lub cell hauv Donskoy Monastery. Ob tug intruders nkag los ntawm no nrog lub hom phiaj ntawm tua tus Vaj Ntsuj Plig. Lub qhov rooj qhib rau lawv los ntawm lawv cov cell-attend Yakov Polozov. Nws raug tua los ntawm cov neeg intruders. Nyob rau hauv 1925, Tikhon poob mob thiab tuag nyob rau hauv lub peb hlis ntuj ntawm lub Annunciation. Lub faus ntawm cov neeg dawb huv tau tshwm sim hauv Me Cathedral. Saib ua ntej, nws tsim nyog sau cia tias xyoo 1989 Tikhon tau raug txiav txim siab ua neeg dawb huv. Xyoo 1964, mus rau ceg ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Architecture. Shchusev, lub Donskoy Monastery tau tig. Nyob rau hauv Moscow, nws lub ntsiab txuas yog nyob rau hauv Vozdvizhenka. Xyoo 1946 cov kev pabcuam tau rov pib dua hauv Me Cathedral. Nyob rau hauv 1991, lub monastery twb pauv mus rau lub Moscow Patriarchate. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tus neeg tawm tsam tau tua hluav taws rau Lub Tsev Teev Ntuj Me. Thaum lub sij hawm kho ua hauj lwm thaum lub sij hawm excavations, lub relics ntawm St. Tikhon tau pom. Lawv tau muab tso rau hauv ib lub tsev teev ntuj gilded thiab tsiv mus rau Great Cathedral, qhov chaw lawv khaws cia rau hnub no.

Architectural ensemble

Ntawm no peb tuaj yeem qhia cov hauv qab no:

• Cathedral loj. Tsim nyob rau hauv 1686-1698 nyob rau hauv Honor ntawm lub Don Icon ntawm leej niam ntawm Vajtswv. Nws muaj ib tug tshwj xeeb architecture. Nws muaj tsib lub domes nrog lub tsev loj nyob ib puag ncig.

• Me Cathedral. Ua hauv 1591-1593 hauv kev hwm ntawm Don Icon ntawm Niam ntawm Vajtswv. Ua nyob rau hauv cov style ntawm ib-domed tuam tsev Lavxias teb sab architecture ntawm lub xyoo pua XVI.

donskoy monastery nyob rau hauv Moscow yees duab
donskoy monastery nyob rau hauv Moscow yees duab

• Lub Koom Txoos ntawm St. Alexander Svirsky. Nyob rau sab hnub tuaj ntawm Great Cathedral. Nws tau tsim nyob rau hauv 1796-98 ntawm tus nqi ntawm suav N. A. Zubov tshaj lub ntxa ntawm nws txiv, uas yog ib tug senator nyob rau hauv nws lub neej. Nws yog lub tuam tsev-qhov ntxa ntawm tsev neeg Zubov. Nws yog tsim nyob rau hauv cov style ntawm classicism, zoo li ntau lub tsev uas tam sim no tsim lub Donskoy Monastery. Hauv Moscow, cov duab ntawm no rotunda tuaj yeem pom ntawm kev nthuav qhia ntawm cov kws yees duab nto moo.

• Lub Koom Txoos Tikhvin Icon ntawm Leej Niam ntawm Vajtswv. Ua nyob rau hauv 1713-14. Nws nyob saum lub rooj vag qaum teb ntawm lub monastery.

• Lub Koom Txoos ntawm Archangel Michael. Xyoo ntawm kev tsim kho - 1714. Nws yog nyob rau hauv lub ces kaum ntawm sab qab teb ib feem ntawm lub monastery. Nws yog lub qhov ntxa yawm txiv ntawm tsev neeg Golitsyn.

• Lub Koom Txoos St. John Chrysostom. Nws tau tsim los ntawm V. P. Gavrilov, V. D. Sher thiab M. P. Ivanov raws li qhov project ntawm tus kws kes duab vajtse A. G. Vincent xyoo 1888-1891. Ua nyob rau hauv Byzantine style. Nws yog lub qhov ntxa ntawm Pervushins. Nyob rau sab qaum teb ntawm lub monastery, ib qho uas raug kaw kom nkag mus.

• rooj vag tswb. Xyoo ntawm kev tsim kho - 1730-53. Nyob saum rooj vag sab hnub poob.

• Lub tsev teev ntuj St. Tikhon. Tsim nyob rau hauv 1997. Nws sawv ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub qub vaj ntawm novices. Lub tuam tsev hauv qab yog lub qhov ntxa ntawm tsev neeg Shevchenko.

donskoy monastery nyob rau hauv Moscow xyuas
donskoy monastery nyob rau hauv Moscow xyuas

• Lub Koom Txoos ntawm Tub Vaj Ntxwv Alexander Nevsky. Qhov no yog ib lub tsev niaj hnub. Ua rau xyoo 2006.

• Dej-ua kom zoo. Niaj hnub no nws tsis siv vim dej tsis haum rau haus.

• Chapel. Tsim nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th nyob rau hauv Honor ntawm txoj kev cawm seej txuj ci tseem ceebtsev neeg muaj koob muaj npe thaum lub caij tsheb ciav hlau sib tsoo thaum Lub Kaum Hli 17, 1888. Nws nyob sab nraum lub tsev teev ntuj. Tu siab, nws tseem tsis tau muaj sia nyob rau hnub no.

Txhua yam uas tam sim no tsim lub tsev teev ntuj no dawb huv rau peb. Lub Donskoy Monastery hauv Moscow yog peb cov cuab yeej cuab tam thiab sab ntsuj plig uas yuav tsum tau tiv thaiv.

monastic Necropolis

Lub tsev no nyob feem ntau ntawm thaj chaw ntawm lub tuam tsev. Nws tshwm sim nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th. N. M. Karamzin nyob rau hauv nws phau ntawv "History ntawm Lavxias teb sab xeev" hais tias lub toj ntxas ntawm lub Donskoy Monastery nyob rau hauv Moscow nyob rau hauv nws lub sij hawm yog lub faus qhov chaw ntawm noble neeg tseem ceeb thiab cov tub lag luam muaj nyiaj. Ntawm cov monuments ntawm necropolis koj tuaj yeem ntsib cov npe nrov npe xws li Grushetsky, Vyazemsky, Golitsyn, Trubetskoy, Cherkassky thiab lwm tus.

Necropolis ntawm Donskoy Monastery nyob rau hauv Moscow
Necropolis ntawm Donskoy Monastery nyob rau hauv Moscow

Ntau tus kws sau ntawv nto moo, kws sau paj huam, cov nom tswv, kws tshawb fawb thiab kws tsim vaj tsev tau pom lawv qhov chaw zaum kawg ntawm no. Ntawm lawv yog A. P. Sumarokov, P. Ya. Chaadaev, M. M. Kheraskov, V. I. Maikov, V. O. Klyuchevsky, thiab lwm tus. G. M. Semenov thiab lwm tus). Ntawm no yog lub ntxa ntawm Pushkin cov txheeb ze: txiv ntxawm Vasily Lvovich, muam Sophia thiab tus kwv Pavel, pog thiab phauj. Thaum lub sijhawm muaj kev kub ntxhov, cov neeg tuag ntawm cov neeg raug tua lossis raug tsim txom ntawm Lubyanka tau coj tuaj ntawm no los ntawm cov tsheb thauj khoom. Ntawm no lawv raug cremated. Muaj cov ntaub ntawv, tsis tau sau tseg, hais tias lub necropolis ntawm lub Donskoy Monastery nyob rau hauv Moscow yog lub faus qhov chaw ntawm lub tshauv ntawm M. N. Tukhachevsky, V. K. Blucher, A. V. Kosarev, M. N. Ryutin, V. Meyerhold thiabntau lwm tus. Tseem muaj qhov ntxa tshiab. Yog li, xyoo 2000, cov tshauv ntawm tus kws sau ntawv I. S. Shmelev tau rov faus rau ntawm no, xyoo 2005, cov tshauv ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb I. A. Ilyin thiab General A. I. Denikin. Xyoo 2007, cov tshauv ntawm Lieutenant General ntawm White Movement V. O. Kappel tau pauv ntawm no. Nyob rau lub yim hli ntuj 2008, tus naas ej Lavxias teb sab pej xeem daim duab thiab sau ntawv A. I. Solzhenitsyn so ntawm no. Txhua tus tuaj yeem them se rau kev nco txog cov neeg no los ntawm kev mus xyuas lawv qhov ntxa. Chaw nyob: Moscow, Donskoy Monastery. Yuav ua li cas rau ntawm no tau piav qhia saum toj no.

Memorial rau Dawb Warriors

Lub monument tau nthuav tawm thaum lub Tsib Hlis 24, 2009. Ntau tus neeg ua haujlwm nto moo ntawm White txav tau faus ntawm no: General AI Denikin nrog nws tus poj niam, General V. O. Kappel thiab tus kws tshawb fawb IA Ilyin nrog nws tus poj niam. Lub tswv yim los tsim lub monument belongs rau Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation V. V. Putin, uas, tau pom qhov tsis xis nyob faus qhov chaw ntawm dawb generals, qhia kom ua tshiab tombstones. Tsis tas li ntawd, Vladimir Vladimirovich tus kheej saib xyuas cov hauj lwm ntawm lub installation ntawm lub memorial, pom zoo tshiab sketches ntawm daim hlau. Nws tsuas siv ob lub lis piam rau cov kws tshwj xeeb los tsim nws. Lub monument yog me me granite platform nrog tsib tombstones.

donskoy monastery nyob rau hauv Moscow daim ntawv qhia
donskoy monastery nyob rau hauv Moscow daim ntawv qhia

Nyob rau hnub qhib, nws tau fij tseg los ntawm Patriarch Kirill. Thawj Tswj Hwm tau hais lus nyob rau hauv lub ceremony ntawm kev sib sau ntawm Ukraine thiab Russia. Yog li ntawd, ib zaug dua lub Donskoy Monastery nyob rau hauv Moscow tau los ua ib tug unifying center ntawm lub fraternal haiv neeg. Daim duab ntawm lub cim nco txog tau nthuav tawm ntawm no.

Shrines ntawm Donskoy Monastery

Muaj ntau lub tsev teev ntuj qub hauv Moscow uas nyiam peb nrog lawv cov kev zoo nkauj. Vim li casqhov no puas tsim nyog mus xyuas? Ntawm no koj tuaj yeem pom cov thaj neeb hauv qab no thiab pe hawm lawv:

• Lub Don Icon of the Mother of God. Nws yog ib lub hlaws ntawm sab ntsuj plig, tus nqi tseem ceeb ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj. Raws li cov lus dab neeg, nws tau nrog nws tias Sergius ntawm Radonezh foom koob hmoov rau tub huabtais Dmitry Donskoy mus tua cov Tatars. Thawj qhov hais txog nws hnub rov qab mus rau nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 16th. Cov duab tam sim no khaws cia hauv Tretyakov Gallery. Tab sis txhua xyoo nyob rau lub Cuaj Hlis 1, nyob rau hnub so, nws raug xa mus rau Donskoy Monastery rau kev pe hawm.

• Lub relics dawb huv ntawm Tikhon khaws cia rau hauv gilded reliquary ntawm no nyob rau hauv lub Great Cathedral.

• Icons ntawm Leej Niam ntawm Vajtswv "Feodorovskaya" thiab "Signal". Txhawm rau hneev rau cov thaj neeb no, ntau cov ntseeg nyiam mus xyuas Donskoy Monastery hauv Moscow. Cov cim no suav hais tias yog txuj ci tseem ceeb.

• Sau daim duab Don ntawm foom koob hmoov rau nkauj xwb Mary. Cov no yog cov ntawv los ntawm Simon Ushakov hnub tim 1668, tau khaws cia ua txuj ci tseem ceeb thaum muaj hluav taws hauv xyoo 1991. Kho kom zoo nkauj nrog lub qhov rooj tshwj xeeb.

• Mosaic icon ntawm St. Nicholas. Khaws rau hauv lub qhov ntxa Levchenko.

• Lub ntxa ntawm Yakov Polozov, ib tug cell-attendant uas ua hauj lwm rau St. Tikhon. Nyob ze ntawm phab ntsa ntawm Me Cathedral. Nws yog Yakov uas qhib lub qhov rooj ntawm lub cell rau cov intruders uas tuaj tua Archbishop Tikhon. Vim li ntawd, Yakhauj thiaj tuag.

Cov tuam tsev ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj tau ua haujlwm. Parish Trebs ntawm Donskoy Monastery nyob rau hauv Moscow yog ua tsis tu ncua. Kev ncig ua si kuj raug teeb tsa ntawm no.

Donskoye Cemetery "Kub"

Nws pib xyoo 1591. Lub tojntxas yog nyob rau sab qab teb hnub poob ntawm Moscow. Nws cheeb tsam yog kwv yees li 13 hectares. cov neeg nto moo raug faus rau ntawm nocov nom tswv, cov kws tshawb fawb, cov kws sau ntawv, Decembrists, koom nrog kev ua tsov rog xyoo 1812. Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, nws tau muaj neeg coob coob. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum kaw ib cheeb tsam loj tom qab phab ntsa sab qab teb ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj kom nthuav dav nws thaj tsam. Yog li ntawd, muaj ib lub toj ntxas, uas hu ua "New". Nws muaj nws tus kheej nkag mus. Nyob rau ntawm phab ntsa sab hnub tuaj ntawm lub toj ntxas "Old", koj tuaj yeem pom cov pob nyem siab uas raug tshem tawm ntawm Cathedral ntawm Khetos tus Cawm Seej thiab tau txais kev cawmdim los ntawm kev puas tsuaj. Kev faus neeg li no tsis tau ua nyob rau niaj hnub no. Txhua tus neeg uas xav mus xyuas lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm Dmitry Donskoy hauv Moscow thiab lub toj ntxas "Old" ntawm nws thaj chaw yuav muaj txiaj ntsig kom paub tias nws qhib thaum 08.00 txog 18.30 hnub.

Donskoe tojntxas "Tshiab"

Nws tau tsim, raws li tau hais los saum toj no, thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th. Ua ntej lub kiv puag ncig nyob rau hauv Lub kaum hli ntuj 1917, lub toj ntxas "Tshiab" ntawm lub Donskoy Monastery nyob rau hauv Moscow yog qhov chaw faus rau cov neeg txawj ntse: xib fwb, kws tshawb fawb, thiab ntau yam tub ceev xwm. Nyob rau hauv 1927, thawj columbarium thiab crematorium nyob rau hauv lub peev tau nruab ntawm no. Cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj tau muaj sia nyob rau niaj hnub no uas V. I. Lenin hauv xyoo 1918 tau xaj kom yuav khoom siv rau kev faus neeg tuag nyob txawv teb chaws. Xyoo tom ntej, qhov hnyav tshaj plaws thaum lub xyoo ntawm kev tsov rog hauv pej xeem, tsoomfwv tam sim no tshaj tawm kev sib tw rau qhov zoo tshaj plaws tsim ntawm lub crematorium. Tsis ntev lub tsev haujlwm no tau tsim los ntawm no. Nws paub tias tsuas yog cov tub rog uas tuag hauv tsev kho mob thaum Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob tau muab faus tsawg kawg yog 15,000. Nyob rau hauv qhov tob ntawm lub toj ntxas muaj ib lub stele nco txog txhua tus.tsim txom thiab tua thaum lub xyoo ntawm kev tsim txom. Lub cev ntawm cov neeg los ntawm Lubyanka thiab Lefortovo tau coj tuaj ntawm no los ntawm ntau pua ntawm cov tsheb thauj mus rau hlawv. Tam sim no, tsoos burials yog nqa tawm ntawm no, burials ntawm urns nyob rau hauv av, nyob rau hauv ib tug qhib thiab kaw columbarium.

Peb tau paub nrog cov vaj tse vaj tse uas ua rau Donskoy Monastery hauv Moscow. Daim duab qhia chaw ntawm lawv qhov chaw kuj tau nthuav tawm ntawm no.

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