"Totleben" (fort): keeb kwm, duab, qhov chaw

2024 Tus sau: Harold Hamphrey | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:14

Nyob rau hauv nco txog cov tub rog txawj ntse engineer, uas nws lub tswv yim tau qhib ib tug tshiab era nyob rau hauv fortification kos duab, suav Eduard Ivanovich Totleben (1818-1884), ob lub forts tau npe. Cov ntsiab lus uas nws tau hais tau khiav tawm mus rau qhov kev lees paub feem ntau hauv kev ua tub rog kos duab, thiab cov kev paub tau txais hauv Crimean thiab Eastern phiaj xwm ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tsim cov fortifications uas yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd hais txog fortification indicators.

Txhua daim carte blanch

thawj lub fortification bears lub npe "Totleben" yog ib lub fortress nyob rau hauv lub Kerch fortress. Eduard Ivanovich, uas nyob rau hauv 1859 coj lub luag hauj lwm ntawm tus thawj coj ntawm engineering department ntawm cov tub rog department, txaus siab rau tag nrho cov kev ntseeg siab thiab kev txhawb nqa ntawm Alexander II nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho ntawm lub Kerch fortress. Xyoo 1872, kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev ua kom tiav cov qauv tau ua tiav thiab ua tiav tag nrho cov huab tais, uas tuaj nrog kev tshuaj xyuas. Thiab yog li ntawd lub ntsiab fortress ntawm lub fortress tau txais lub npe "Totleben" los ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm Alexander II. Lub fort nyob rau hauv qhov nqaim tshaj plaws ntawm Kerch Strait, ntawm Cape AK-Burun.

Marvel ntawm tub rog engineering

Lub fortress nws tus kheej yogua nyob rau hauv kev hla ntawm Paris Peace Treaty ntawm 1856, uas txwv tsis pub Russia kom muaj tub rog thiab ntug hiav txwv fortifications. Thiab ib hom donjon, lossis ib lub fortress nyob rau hauv ib lub fortress, hu ua "Totleben". Lub fort txuas nrog lub tsev nws tus kheej los ntawm qhov ntev tshaj 600 meter qhov.

Lub chaw ruaj khov no tau siv 20 xyoo los tsim thiab yog ib qho ntawm ob lub tsev loj tshaj plaws thiab tseem ceeb ntawm ntug hiav txwv uas tsim nyob rau xyoo 19th - Kerch thiab Kronstadt. Lub Hiav Txwv Dub fort yog ib qho zoo tshaj plaws thiab zoo meej fortification - txhua yam tau muab rau cov ntsiab lus kawg, txoj cai mus rau qhov chaw xa ntawv pigeon. Barracks rau cov tub rog, chav dej, dej tso tsheb hlau luam, underground galleries thiab mine passages - txhua yam yog tsim los rau hauv tus account cov kev paub tau txais thaum lub sij hawm tiv thaiv ntawm Sevastopol thiab nrog rau kev saib xyuas rau cov tiv thaiv ntawm lub fortress, uas cov builders ua raws li pom tsis tau raws li qhov ua tau los ntawm kev npog tag nrho. pob zeb vaj tse nrog lub ntiaj teb.

Yuav ua li cas mus txog qhov ntawd

Nyob rau hauv qhov chaw no yog qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm Crimea - 110 meters, uas muaj ib tug monument rau cov txawj ntse ntawm tub rog engineering, muaj npe tom qab nws "Totleben". Lub fort npog lub ntug dej hiav txwv roj teeb los ntawm lub mainland. Lub fortress "Kerch" tam sim no tsis nyob rau hauv qhov zoo tshaj plaws mob - nws yog tso tseg. Tab sis nyob rau hauv ib cheeb tsam ntawm cov khoom pab pawg ncig xyuas yog tuav tsis tu ncua. Tam sim no nws tsis yooj yim rau nws los ntawm kev thauj mus los rau pej xeem - los ntawm minibus No.6, tawm ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb hauv nruab nrab, koj yuav tsum tau mus rau Woodworking ceg nres. Ntxiv mus - tsuas yog ntawm ko taw. Tsis muaj cov cim qhia ntxaws - kev taw qhia ntawm tus navigator lossis los ntawm kev xam phaj cov neeg nyob hauv zos. tus kheejlos ntawm kev thauj mus los koj yuav tsum mus rau qhov kawg ntawm txoj kev Tamanskaya, tig mus rau hauv Kolkhoznaya, qhov kawg taw tes uas yog lub fortress.

Ib lub forts ntawm Kronstadt

Ib qho ntawm cov khoom ntawm kev tiv thaiv ntawm Kronstadt kuj dais lub npe ntawm E. I. Totleben. Kev tsim kho ntawm lub fortress no pib tom qab ua tiav kev tsim kho ntawm lub citadel ntawm Hiav txwv Dub (1872). Nyob rau hauv 1879, qhov kev siv ntawm qhov project pib, lub hauv paus ntawm uas yog ob qho tib si artifacts - lub hauv paus rau ob forts, tshem tawm ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv.

Conventionally lawv tau xaiv Fort "A" thiab Fort "B". Thawj qhov yuav tsum tau nyob ntawm qhov ntiav 10 km ntawm Kotlin Island thiab 4 km ntawm Sestroretsk, qhov thib ob - 7 km sab qab teb-sab hnub poob ntawm Fort A thiab 4 km ntawm Kotlin. Fort "A" raug nqi 6.5 lab rubles. kub, fort "B" - 7 lab rubles. Kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev tsim kho cov qauv kev tiv thaiv yuav tsum ua kom tiav los ntawm 1903, tab sis los ntawm lub sijhawm no cov Islands tuaj tsuas yog nchuav thiab ntxiv dag zog. Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv 1913 lub fortifications tau commissioned. Tom qab ua tiav ntawm kev ua haujlwm, lub fort "A" los ua lub npe hu ua "Totleben", nyob rau hauv kev hwm ntawm cov tub rog engineers uas tau koom tes hauv kev tsim kho, qhov khoom thib ob yog hu ua "Obruchev"..

tag nrho inclusive

Fort "Totleben" (daim duab txuas) muaj cov duab ntawm tsab ntawv "C". Lub hauv ntej ntawm nws tau xa mus rau sab hnub poob - tus yeeb ncuab nyob mus ib txhis ntawm Russia. Sab pem hauv ntej, muaj peb ntu, thiab ob qhov sib npaug sib npaug ua ke mus txog qhov ntev ntawm 700 meters, qhov dav ntawm cov qauv yog 50 meters.

Thaum nws tsim khokev tu siab ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog Russo-Japanese thiab kev hloov loj hauv cov phom loj tau raug coj mus rau hauv tus account. "Totleben" yog ib tug tub rog camp, muab nrog txhua yam tsim nyog, coj mus rau hauv tus account lub coj ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog niaj hnub. Qhov tseeb nthuav yog yuav ua li cas tsoom fwv tsarist saib xyuas nws cov tub rog. Lub fort muaj ib tug dej desalination thiab purification system, 6 diesel generators, dej phwj tuaj thiab dej, muaj zoo barracks rau 800 tus neeg thiab ib tug tub ceev xwm corps, ib lub tsev kho mob thiab ib lub tsev muag tshuaj, ib tug bakery thiab lub tsev teev ntuj, ib tug cinematograph thiab ib lub tsev qiv ntawv, bathhouses., warehouses thiab glacier, telegraph thiab xov tooj sib pauv. Nyob rau sab nraum qab muaj ib lub chaw nres nkoj rau txoj kev ntawm cov nkoj, nrog rau txoj kev khiav.

Lub Sijhawm Tsis Zoo

Fort "Totleben" yog qhov xav tsis thoob ntawm engineering. Cov keeb kwm ntawm kev muaj sia nyob ntxiv ntawm cov khoom kim thiab nthuav no yog bleak. Tom qab lub kiv puag ncig, nws tau muab lub npe tshiab "Pervomaisky". Nyob rau hauv kev ncaj ncees, nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias nyob rau hauv 1923 lub 10-nti phom tau hloov nrog cov tshem tawm ntawm lub Rurik cruiser, lawv ntau yam tau nce los ntawm yav dhau los 18 mus rau 20 km. Kev kho tau ua tiav lawm.

Lub fort tau koom nrog hauv kev ua tsov rog Soviet-Finnish. Qhov kawg Modernization tau ua nyob rau hauv 1950-1954. Tom qab ntawd txhua yam tau poob qis - xyoo 1955 lub garrison raug tshem tawm thiab cov phom loj raug tshem tawm, xyoo 1957 lub fort raug tshem tawm ntawm txhua hom ntaub ntawv, thiab txij li xyoo 1958 lub zog muaj zog ib zaug tau khoob thiab tso tseg.

Kev tsim txom nrog kev tsis lees paub

Tsis muaj dab tsi hloov pauv thaum Totleben raug coj mus rau qhov sib npaug ntawm pawg thawj cojLensoviet thiab nyob rau hauv 1990 nkag mus rau hauv lub UNESCO daim ntawv teev. Cov hnub zoo rov qab los thaum Vladimir Tkachenko, tus kws kho mob thiab kws kos duab los ntawm St. Petersburg, pib saib xyuas cov khoom ntawm xyoo 1990, thiab tau los ua tus thawj coj ua haujlwm pub dawb. Nws tsis yog lus, tab sis hauv kev ua, ntxuav, kho thiab nruab Fort Totleben. Yuav tau li cas ntawm no? Lo lus nug no tsis tau ntsib cov neeg barbarians uas tuaj hla dej khov thaum lub caij ntuj no xyoo 2008. Tag nrho cov hauj lwm ntawm V. Tkachenko raug puas tsuaj, txhua yam yog mangled, hlawv thiab looted. Thiab qhov twg cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm EMERCOM chaw ruaj khov nyob ntawm no xyoo 1999 saib?

caij ntuj so ncig ua si hauv Gulf of Finland

Tam sim no cov khoom raug saib xyuas los ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm pab dawb thiab tshawb nrhiav thiab cawm "Bereg". Nws tsis tuaj yeem mus xyuas lub fort yam tsis muaj kev tso cai tshwj xeeb thiab cov ntaub ntawv, tab sis nws yog ib feem ntawm kev mus ncig ua si. Kev mus saib xyuas yog dab tsi? Lawv tau nqa tawm tsuas yog nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov, qhov kev txiav txim tuaj yeem ua hauv xov tooj muaj nyob hauv cov npe.

Cov neeg npaj muaj lub sijhawm los pom ntau yam khoom zoo sib xws hauv Gulf of Finland, thiab tsis yog Fort Totleben xwb. Kev ncig xyuas suav nrog mus saib cov ntsiab lus hauv qab no - "Thawj Sab Qab Teb", forts "Alexander I", "Milyutin", "Obruchev" thiab "Totleben".

Lub caij ntuj no txhua yam yooj yim dua. Raws li tau sau tseg saum toj no, koj tuaj yeem tau txais dej khov ntawm Gulf of Finland, yuav muaj kev tso cai mus xyuas Totleben Fort. Yuav ua li cas mus txog rau lub caij ntuj sov? Tsuas yog ib feem ntawm kev mus ncig ua si. Kev tuaj txog ntawm tus kheej ntawm cov nkoj thiab nkoj yog txwv tsis pub nruj, vim tias kev pheej hmoo rau lub neej yog qhov loj heev. Tau kawg muaj ntau tus neeg yos hav zoovnws tus kheej mus saib lub fort, thiab tseem muaj cov tswv nkoj uas tau npaj ua txhaum txoj cai rau qhov khoom plig tsim nyog.