Lub nroog ntawm samovars, phom phom, accordions thiab gingerbread, qhov chaw yug ntawm cov laug - Lavxias teb sab av ntawm cov kws ua haujlwm. Tag nrho cov no yog lub nroog Tula, uas nws cov tsev khaws puav pheej thiab cov chaw pom nyob hauv nws qhov chaw keeb kwm. Lub nroog yog qhov yooj yim heev rau cov neeg taug kev: nws nyob ntawm peb teev los ntawm lub nroog thiab sawv ntawm txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau thiab txoj kev taug kev ntawm sab qab teb ntawm Russia.
pib kawm qhov twg
Tula loj txaus los ntawm cov qauv niaj hnub no. Txawm li cas los xij, nws lub ntsiab attractions tuaj yeem pom hauv ib hnub xwb. Nws yog qhov zoo dua los pib paub nrog lub nroog los ntawm Tula Kremlin. Tom qab ntawd, koj tuaj yeem taug kev raws txoj kev qub qub uas muaj npe riam phom. Thiab tau kawg, koj yuav tsum pom peb qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj plaws: lub tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Tula gingerbread, samovars thiab riam phom.
Rau cov neeg nyiam keeb kwm thiab ntaub ntawv, muaj ntau qhov chaw nthuav hauv nroog. Lub zos keeb kwm tsev-tsev cia puav pheej ntawm Veresaev thiab lwm lub xeev cov tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Tula, thiab tsuas yog cov tsev qub qub ntawm 18th-19th centuries - cov tub lag luam thiab cov tsev tau txais txiaj ntsig, cov tuam tsev nom tswv thiab cov vaj tse tseem ceeb yuav nyiam cov neeg tuaj saib.
Tourists yog yuav tsum tautaug kev raws "ntoo" Tula, raws txoj kev qub, ua neej nyob lawv hnub kawg. Txawm hais tias muaj ntau lub tsev tsis zoo khaws cia, ntawm lawv koj tuaj yeem pom cov masterpieces tiag tiag ntawm cov masters.
Tula Kremlin
Nws txawv me ntsis ntawm lwm lub tsev zoo sib xws hauv Lavxias. Lub Kremlin tsis nyob tom qab tus dej, tab sis nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm nws. Nws yog ib qho nyuaj hais tias nws architecture yog amazing.
Txawm li cas los xij, ua ib feem ntawm lub nroog lub fortification system, nws yog ib qho ntawm cov muaj zog tshaj plaws Lavxias teb sab fortresses. Hauv tag nrho cov keeb kwm ntawm nws lub neej, Tula Kremlin tsis raug coj los ntawm cov yeeb ncuab txawm ib zaug. Txawm tias thaum lub sij hawm lub xyoo ntawm lub Bolotnikov uprising, tsuas yog los ntawm dej nyab nws, nws muaj peev xwm mus yuam cov rebels tawm ntawm lub nroog.
Cov duab ntawm Kremlin yog qhov yooj yim heev. Nws yog tsim nyob rau hauv cov duab ntawm ib tug quadrangle. Lub hauv paus nrog rau sab qis yog ua los ntawm cov pob zeb dawb, thiab sab saum toj yog ua los ntawm cib. Qhov ntev ntawm phab ntsa yog me ntsis ntau tshaj li ib mais, thiab qhov siab yog kaum meters. Lub Kremlin sawv ntawm lub hauv paus ua los ntawm cov ntoo qhib. Lawv muaj lub hauv paus uas mus txog yim meters tob. Niaj hnub no, tag nrho cuaj lub fortress tau ciaj sia, ntawm uas plaub yog puag ncig, thiab tus so yog square.
Museum of Riam phom
Nyob rau xyoo 1989, hauv lub tsev ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj qub hauv zos, nws tau txiav txim siab tso cov khoom, cov khoom pov thawj uas tau sau los ntawm Tula Arms Cog rau ntau xyoo. Nws yog qhov nthuav tias Peter lub Great tau txiav txim rau qhov no, txawm tshaj tawm tsab cai hais txog nws. Niaj hnub no, ua tsaug rau qhov kev txiav txim siab zoo no, cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws tuaj yeem pom cov qauv nthuav dav tshaj plaws uas tsim los ntawm cov neeg tua phom, txij li lub sijhawm Peter lub Great mus rauniaj hnub no.
Nws ntseeg tias nws yog nyob rau hauv Tula uas cov khoom sau tiav tshaj plaws hauv peb lub tebchaws tau muab tso rau pej xeem. Hauv tsev cia puav pheej koj tuaj yeem taug qab qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm riam phom Lavxias.
Txawm li cas los xij, tsis yog cov qauv ntawm Tula masters nkaus xwb tau nthuav tawm ntawm no. Lub tsev khaws puav pheej tseem muaj riam phom, uas tau tsim hauv tebchaws Askiv, Nyiv, Fabkis, Iran, Qaib ntxhw, Belgium, Lub teb chaws Yelemees thiab lwm lub tebchaws. Cov khoom pov thawj los ntawm Tsar's Guns collection yog qhov kev qhuas tshwj xeeb.
Lub tshuab tsom iav yog qhov cuam tshuam loj heev rau cov neeg tuaj saib. Txhua leej txhua tus tuaj yeem saib mus rau hauv nws kom pom ib tug dev mub, uas yog shod los ntawm tus naas ej Tula. Daim pib mus rau lub tsev khaws puav pheej raug nqi 80 rubles rau cov neeg laus, 100 rubles - nrog rau kev tso cai thaij duab.
Assumption Cathedral
Nws tau tsim tsa hauv nruab nrab ntawm Kremlin los ntawm pob zeb. Nws lub hauv paus hnub rov qab mus rau 1628-1629. Thaum pib, Assumption Cathedral tau tsim ua lub tsev teev ntuj lub caij ntuj sov. Tam sim no, lub tsev no muaj kev txaus siab tsis tau tsuas yog los ntawm qhov pom ntawm architecture, tab sis kuj rau nws cov nqi kos duab. Ntawm cov paintings ntawm no koj tuaj yeem pom cov duab tsis tshua muaj piav qhia txog Ecumenical Councils. Hauv xyoo 2012, kev kho dua tshiab tau pib ntawm lub tswb pej thuam ntawm Assumption Cathedral. Nws tau txiav txim siab los ua kom tiav lub belfry, uas ib zaug sawv mus txog xya caum meters. Thiab nws tau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog nees nkaum ob lub tswb.
Epiphany Cathedral
Yog tias muaj kev pabcuam hauv Assumption Cathedral nkaus xwb thaum lub caij ntuj sov, ces hauv pawg ntseeg no lawv tau ua txhua xyoo. Nws tau tsim ntau tom qab - hauv 1865 hauvnco txog cov tub rog uas tuag hauv Ntiaj Teb Tsov Rog II. Xyoo 1892, nws tau suav hais tias yog qhov tshwj xeeb, vim tias cov cua sov tau ua nyob rau hauv nws, uas yog qhov tsis tshua muaj rau Russia xyoo ntawd. Tab sis tom qab ntawd, nyob rau hauv lub xyoo Soviet, lub Cathedral ntawm lub Epiphany tau muab pov tseg ntawm lub ya club, thiab tom qab ntawd - rau cov neeg ncaws pob.
Tula Gingerbread
Qhov kev noj qab haus huv no nrov heev hauv Tula. Leej twg tsis kam haus ib khob tshuaj yej nrog zib ntab ncuav mog qab zib? Tau ntau pua xyoo, Tula gingerbread tau txaus siab nrog nws cov saj thiab zoo. Thiab tsis ntev los no, nws kuj tau txais nws lub tsev khaws puav pheej, uas txhua tus neeg tuaj saib tuaj yeem qhuas ntau yam "qab zib" cov khoom pov thawj. Thiab txhua yam pib ntev dhau los…
Yuav ua li cas Tula gingerbread tau npaj
Tsis muaj leej twg yuav lees paub tias leej twg thiab thaum twg ua ntej. Thawj qhov hais txog Tula gingerbread yog khaws cia rau hauv lub tsev khaws puav pheej cadastral phau ntawv ntawm 1685. Txog rau peb lub sijhawm, cov ntawv tshwj xeeb tseem tau khaws cia, los ntawm cov neeg kawm tiav tuaj yeem txiav txim siab ntau yam ntawm gingerbread. Lawv tau carved los ntawm birch los yog pear. tsob ntoo yuav tsum muaj tsawg kawg yog peb caug xyoo. Rau lub rooj tsavxwm gingerbread, tsuas yog siv lub hauv qab ntawm lub cev, uas tau txiav rau hauv daim li tsib centimeters tuab thiab qhuav rau yuav luag nees nkaum xyoo.
Cov npoo ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm kom ruaj khov, cov craftsmen smeared nrog wax lossis resin. Tom qab tsob ntoo npaj txhij, tus kws kos duab kos duab pib siv daim duab. Xws li cov laug cam, hauv qhov tseem ceeb, yog daim ntawv uas Tula gingerbread tau ci.
Kev piav qhia
thawj gingerbread nyob rau hauv Russia hu ua "qab zib qhob cij". Lawv cojmus rau lub tebchaws Russia los ntawm Varangians. Nws tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua IX. Nws yog thaum ntawd nyob rau hauv Russia lawv kuj tau kawm dab tsi poov xab pancakes thiab qhuav txiv hmab txiv ntoo broths. Thaum lub sij hawm ntawd, gingerbread yog ib lub khob noom cookie ua los ntawm rye hmoov, tov nrog txiv hmab txiv ntoo kua txiv thiab zib mu, nrog rau cov khoom xyaw tom kawg accounting rau yuav luag ib nrab ntawm tag nrho cov ntim.
Tom qab ntawd, cov hauv paus hniav thiab hav zoov tau ntxiv rau cov ncuav mog qab zib. Thiab twb nyob rau hauv lub XII-XIII centuries, thaum muaj ntau yam txawv txawv spices raug coj mus rau Lavxias teb sab av los ntawm Middle East thiab Is Nrias teb, lub gingerbread, tau txais nws lub npe tam sim no, yuav luag tag nrho tsim nyob rau hauv uas amazing delicacy uas txhua leej txhua tus paub niaj hnub no.
Saj ntau yam nyob ntawm lub khob noom cookie, nws muaj pes tsawg leeg, txoj kev npaj thiab ci. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb tau ua si los ntawm cov txuj lom thiab cov khoom ntxiv, uas nyob rau hauv cov hnub qub hu ua "dab ntsuj plig". Ntawm cov neeg nyiam tshaj plaws yog txiv qaub, kua txob dub, mint, Italian dill, vanilla, txiv kab ntxwv tev, nrog rau qhiav, cumin, anise, nutmeg thiab cloves.
Thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th, Tula gingerbread twb paub nyob rau hauv Perm thiab Arkhangelsk, nyob rau hauv Kursk thiab Kharkov, nyob rau hauv Kaluga, Novgorod, thiab lwm yam. Maj mam, lawv pib tsim lawv tus kheej zus tau tej cov gingerbread qab ntawm no. Tver gingerbread muaj khw hauv Paris, Berlin thiab London.
Creating a museum
Lub tswv yim qhib qhov kev nthuav tawm tau yug los xyoo 1994. Thiab ob xyoos tom qab ntawd, thaum Lub Kaum Hli 10, 1996, Tula Gingerbread Tsev khaws puav pheej (chaw nyob: 45a Oktyabrskaya St.) tau qhib qhib. Nws nyob hauv Cheeb Tsam, nyob deb heev ntawm qhov chaw keeb kwm. Hauv qabTsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Tula gingerbread tau faib ua ib qho chaw ntawm XIX caug xyoo. Cov no yog yav dhau los tis ntawm Lyalin cov kwv tij, phom thiab cov neeg tsim khoom samovar. Nyob rau hauv ib cheeb tsam tam sim ntawd muaj ib lub rooj cob qhia uas gingerbread ci, nrog rau lub tuam txhab khw uas cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws tuaj yeem yuav ob qho tib si tshiab delicacies thiab ntau yam khoom plig.
museum ncig
Cov neeg tuaj saib tuaj yeem pom cov gingerbread ntawm qhov ntau thiab tsawg thiab cov duab zoo kawg, xws li me me, muaj qhov loj ntawm ib lub nyiaj npib, thiab mus txog rau lub pas dej. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv tau ua nyob rau hauv kev twb kev txuas nrog rau tej lub sij hawm tshwj xeeb. Kev sau ntawm gingerbread tsev cia puav pheej muaj keeb kwm gingerbread, kev qhuas, kev qhuas, nominal thiab ntau lwm tus.
Cov neeg muaj hmoo tuaj yeem tuaj koom hauv qhov kev tshwm sim nthuav dav, noj tshuaj yej tog nrog gingerbread, uas yog tsim los ntawm Tula Gingerbread Tsev khaws puav pheej. Tus nqi rau kev ncig xyuas pib los ntawm ib puas rubles rau kaum feeb, thiab qab delicacies nrog txawv flavors yuav pleasantly surprise qhua. Tab sis cov gingerbread lawv tus kheej, ci nyob rau hauv lub rhiav nyob sib ze, tau txais kev pab piping kub thiab muaj ib qho amazing thiab cim aroma ntawm zib mu thiab butter. Tag nrho cov txheej txheem no yog nrov heev nrog cov qhua. Tej zaum yog vim li cas lub Tsev khaws puav pheej Tula Gingerbread tau nrov heev hauv lub sijhawm luv luv. Nws hloov tawm tias txhawm rau nkag mus rau hauv nws thiab taug kev los ntawm cov chav tsev nrog cov lus qhia, koj yuav tsum tau sau npe yuav luag ib hlis ua ntej.
Exhibits
"Keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab xeev" - qhov no yog lub npe ntawm qhov kev nthuav qhia uas muaj nyob rau hauv lub zos confectionery Hoobkas "Kub Tula". Lub tuam txhab no muaj keeb kwm ntev thiab kev paub dhau losua ib txwm luam tawm gingerbread hauv txoj kev qub, uas yog los ntawm tes thiab siv cov pwm ntoo xwb.
Qhov nthuav qhia tshaj plaws ntawm lub tsev cia puav pheej thiab qhov kev nthuav tawm no yog cov ntaub pua plag loj loj ntsuas ib 'meter' los ntawm ib lub 'meter'. Ntawm nws tau sau ib qho kev xav ntawm kev noj qab haus huv, kev vam meej thiab kev zoo siab los ntawm Staraya Tula CF. Thiab qhov tseeb ntawm nws yog qhov tsawg tshaj plaws gingerbread, uas hnyav tsuas yog tsib caug grams.
Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej Tula Gingerbread yog ib tus yau tshaj plaws hauv nroog Tula. Yuav luag ob xyoos ntawm kev ua haujlwm, nws tau txais kev muaj koob npe tsis yog hauv Tula, tab sis kuj hauv Kaluga, Chekhov thiab txawm nyob hauv Moscow. Ntawm no yog keeb kwm ntawm ib tug tiag tiag Lavxias teb sab qub delicacy uas tau los rau peb los ntawm lub sij hawm immemorial. Kev lag luam gingerbread tau ntsib nws qhov nce thiab nqis: tau poob thiab kev txhawb siab.
Cov neeg tuaj saib yuav raug qhia txog txhua yam kev cai qub thiab kev coj noj coj ua cuam tshuam nrog cov ntaub pua plag tshwj xeeb. Lawv tuaj yeem pom thiab sib piv seb nws tau tsim li cas hauv cov xwm txheej niaj hnub no thiab cov qauv uas tau ua rau cov ntawv qub zoo li cas.
Ntawm no yog nthuav ob qho me me, loj me me tshaj li tsib caug daus las, gingerbread, thiab loj tshaj plaws - pood, uas yog ib qho ntawm peb lub teb chaws.
