Khortitsa Island, nws keeb kwm. Sights thiab duab ntawm cov kob ntawm Khortytsya

2024 Tus sau: Harold Hamphrey | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:14

Khortytsya txuas nrog keeb kwm ntawm Zaporizhzhya Cossacks. Qhov no yog cov kob dej loj tshaj plaws tsis yog hauv Ukraine, tab sis kuj nyob hauv Europe. Tus txiv neej nyob ntawm no los ntawm lub sij hawm immemorial: thawj cov cim ntawm nws nyob hnub rov qab mus rau III txhiab xyoo BC.

Hnub no, txhua tus tub ntxhais kawm Ukrainian paub txog tus dej ntawm cov kob ntawm Khortytsya nyob. Lub Dnieper yog cov hlab ntsha loj tshaj plaws thiab tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv Ukraine. Qhov no yog lub ntsiab shipping channel, nws muaj ib tug cascade ntawm rau hydroelectric fais fab nroj tsuag. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov tseem ceeb hauv cheeb tsam yog qhov chaw ruaj khov ntawm Ukrainian Cossacks. Txog niaj hnub no, kev coj noj coj ua thiab kev tsim vaj tsev monuments tau khaws cia hauv Khortytsya uas tuaj yeem coj peb rov qab ob peb puas xyoo thiab ua kom pom tias cov neeg sau npe nyob li cas.

Northern Khortytsya

Qhov qub tshaj plaws ntawm rau lub tshuab hluav taws xob hluav taws xob, Zaporizhzhya DneproHPP, tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 1932 thiab tau tsim muaj peev xwm hauv xyoo 1939. Los ntawm sab qaum teb slopes ntawm cov kob ntawm Khortytsya, ib tug stunning saib ntawm lub pas dej ua ke opens. Ntawm no cov toj roob hauv pes feem ntau yog precipitous: nyob rau hauv tej qhov chaw granite pob zeb nce 40-50 meters saum toj no dej.

Nyob rau hauv ib feem ntawm cov kob no muaj ntau grottoes, qhov tsua, loj thiab me boulders los ntawm uas ib tug tsis yooj yim sua mus rau hauv dej. Nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb ib feem - lub tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm lub Zaporizhzhya Cossacks, lub exposition "Zaporizhzhya Sich", uas qhib nyob rau hauv 2009, Sanctuaries, "Tarasova Stitch" thiab cov hiking txoj kev "Tshaj qhov chaw pib"..

South Khortytsya

Nyob rau sab qab teb, thaj chaw yog swampy, du, tsim los ntawm txhiab xyoo kev ua haujlwm ntawm Dnieper. Ntawm no lub ntug dej hiav txwv yog indented nrog ntau bays thiab backwaters. Cov av fertile av inflicted los ntawm tus dej tau dhau los ua ib lub vaj kaj siab tiag tiag rau ntau hom tsiaj thiab tsiaj txhu. Yav dhau los, thickets ntawm shrubs, ntoo, reeds thiab nyom stretched ntawm cov kob ntawm Khortytsya mus rau Kherson thiab raug hu ua lub Great Zaporozhye Meadow.

Nyob rau hauv cov chaw no muaj lub npe nrov Protolchy Ford, uas nws muaj peev xwm hla ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv mus rau ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm nees rov qab yam tsis tau koj txhais taw ntub, lossis duav-dej tob hauv dej. Tag nrho cov kev zoo nkauj no tau muab faus rau hauv qab ntawm Kakhovka reservoir thaum lub sij hawm tsim kho ntawm lwm qhov chaw nres tsheb fais fab. Hydroelectric fais fab nroj tsuag ua ke tsim tsuas yog 8% ntawm cov hluav taws xob nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws thiab yog ib qhov chaw ntawm ib puag ncig kev hem thawj.

Reserve

Hnub no, sab qab teb ntawm cov kob ntawm Khortytsya yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev khaws cia cov tsiaj qus ntawm Dnieper. Tsib lub pas dej thaum ub thiab ib thiab ib nrab mus rau ob lub pas dej me me thiab cov bays ua qhov chaw nyab xeeb rau ntau hom nroj tsuag: lilies, dej lilies, dej chestnuts, irises, reeds, thiab lwm yam. Qhov tsawg tshaj plaws fern nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no, lub floating salvinia, pom ntawm no.

Nyob rau hauv dej siab zoo ntawm sab qab teb Khortitsa, ntau tshaj 50 hom ntses ntses,Ntau tshaj 120 hom noog zes (txawm tias muaj ntau tshaj 300 ntawm lawv nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov Ukraine), txog 30 hom tsiaj me me vam.

Khortitsa Island tau txais cov xwm txheej ntawm lub xeev cia rov qab rau xyoo 1965. Ua ntej ntawd, nws tau suav hais tias yog ib qho chaw hauv zos (txij li xyoo 1958) thiab Republican (txij li xyoo 1963) qhov tseem ceeb. Tom qab kev ywj pheej, tsoomfwv Ukrainian tau tso cai rau cov kob ntawm lub tiaj ua si hauv tebchaws (1993).

Los ntawm qhov pom ntawm qhov kev tiv thaiv kev ua haujlwm, qhov tshwj xeeb yog qhov tseem ceeb: ntau dua 560 hom nroj tsuag qus tuaj ntawm no. Rau qhov chaw txwv ntawm cov kob, tus lej no loj heev.

Zaporizhzhya Cossacks

Keeb kwm ntawm cov kob ntawm Khortytsya, koom nrog feem ntau nrog Zaporizhzhya Cossacks, yog qhov txaus siab heev. Tub Vaj Ntxwv Vishnevetsky, hu nkauj nyob rau hauv lus dab neeg nyob rau hauv lub npe Baida, nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 16th koom ua ke sib cais Cossack detachments thiab tsim ib tug fortress ntawm ib tug kob nyob ze (Malaya Khortitsa), tsim los tiv thaiv ciam teb ntawm lub Polish-Lithuanian xeev. Nws raug suav hais tias yog tus qauv ntawm Zaporizhzhya Sich, uas tsuas yog tshwm sim hauv 1593. Nyob rau hauv 1557, lub fortress poob - Khan Devlet Giray, uas mus txog nws cov phab ntsa nyob rau hauv Lub ib hlis ntuj, ua tsis tau tejyam: ib tug 24-hnub siege tsis coj yeej. Tom qab ntawd nws tuaj rau lub caij nplooj zeeg twb nrog kev txhawb nqa thiab rhuav tshem lub fortress.

Ua ntej kev tshem tawm ntawm Zaporizhzhya Sich, cov kob ntawm Khortytsya tau koom nrog nws cov khoom. Taras Sharko, Ivan Sirko, Sulima, Bohdan Khmelnitsky pib lawv cov phiaj xwm los ntawm no.

Dnipro flotilla

Cov tub ceev xwm hauv nruab nrab tsis nyiam kev tsim tub rog nyob rau sab nrauv ntawm lub teb chaws Ottoman. Thaum ib feem ntawm lub foreman txhawb Hetman Mazepa nyob rau hauv nws anti-Lavxias teb sab hais lus nyob rau sab ntawm lub Swedes, nyob rau hauv 1709 tag nrho cov Zaporizhzhya Sich tau tshaj tawm hais tias ib tug zes ntawm traitors thiab puas, uas tsis tiv thaiv lub Cossacks los ntawm ua yeeb yam nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab. crown nyob rau hauv tsov rog tawm tsam Turks.

Nyob rau xyoo 1737, tau txiav txim siab los tsim lub chaw nres nkoj tshiab: kev ua tsov ua rog nyob rau hauv tag nrho viav vias, thiab cov nkoj Lavxias tsis tuaj yeem hla Dnieper nrawm. Los ntawm 1739, Lavxias teb sab tub rog nkoj, suav txog plaub puas lub nkoj, twb nyob ze ntawm cov kob ntawm Khortytsya.

Xyoo 1998, ib lub cev ntawm Cossack gull tau pom nyob ze ntawm ntug dej, uas tau coj los ntawm Dnieper ib xyoos tom qab. Nyob rau hauv 2007, ib tug brigantine pom muaj tau tsa rau saum npoo. Ob lub nkoj thaum ub tau los ua lub hauv paus rau kev teeb tsa lub tsev cia puav pheej ntawm Dnieper Flotilla, nyob rau sab qab teb ntawm cov kob.

Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Keeb Kwm ntawm Zaporozhye Cossacks

Keeb kwm ntawm Zaporizhzhya Cossacks feem ntau mob siab rau lub tsev khaws puav pheej qhib xyoo 1983 ntawm cov kob ntawm Khortytsya. Chav tsev, uas nyob txog 1600 square metres, yog dai kom zoo nkauj heev. Cov phab ntsa nrog granite tsim cov nyhuv ntawm kev nyob hauv ib lub qhov tsua hauv av. Ntau yam relics ntawm ancient sij hawm yog dai nrog lawv. Lub teeb pom kev dav dav tsis ci, tsuas yog cov ntxhuav nrog cov khoom pov thawj tau pom, feem ntau pom ntawm cov kob nws tus kheej thiab nyob ze ze.

Tam sim no cov cuab yeej pob zeb thaum ub, tais diav, tawg ntawm cov nkoj qub, cov cim, cov khoom siv hauv tsev thiabsab hauv. Lub tsev khaws puav pheej nthuav tawm lub cev ntawm cov ntoo qhib ntoo, uas tau tso rau hauv qab ntawm Dnieper rau ntau txhiab xyoo. Kev txaus siab yog cov dioramas uas nthuav tawm cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb hauv keeb kwm ntawm thaj av Zaporozhye: "Lub Xeem Sib Tw ntawm Svyatoslav" (raws li qee qhov chaw, Kyiv tub huabtais raug tua ntawm cov kob), "Cov Tub Rog Council hauv Sich", "Hmo ntuj ua phem los ntawm cov tub rog Soviet rau lub nroog Zaporozhye (1943-14-10).), "Kev tsim kho ntawm DneproGES".

Note to travelers

Lub caij ntuj sov, lub tsev khaws puav pheej qhib thaum 9-00 txog 19-00, lub caij ntuj no - txij 9-00 txog 16-00. Hnub Mondays nws tsis ua hauj lwm, qhov no yuav tsum tau khaws cia nyob rau hauv lub siab thaum npaj ib qho chaw twg mus rau lub kob ntawm Khortytsya. Cov excursions muab los ntawm lub teb chaws cia yog nthuav thiab ntau yam. Txog rau tam sim no, muaj txog kaum ob qhov kev taug kev thematic ncig ncig cov kob, mob siab rau ntau nplooj ntawv ntawm nws keeb kwm.

Yog tias tsis muaj kev xav ua raws li cov lus qhia ntawm ko taw rau 45-90 feeb, nws tuaj yeem xaj kom caij tsheb npav mus txog 2.5 teev mus rau sab qab teb ntawm cov kob. Lub chaw cia cog lus ib qho kev lom zem thiab kev paub zoo nyob rau hauv lub tuam txhab ntawm cov kws tshaj lij tsim nyog. Cov kob kuj nrov nrog cov menyuam yaus, uas tshwj xeeb matinees tau tsim. Thaum lawv, cov menyuam yaus tsis tsuas yog muaj kev lom zem xwb, tab sis kuj tau paub txog keeb kwm ntawm lawv lub tebchaws.

Zaporozhian Sich

Ib qhov chaw tseem ceeb ntawm qhov pom ntawm cov kob yog nyob ntawm keeb kwm thiab kab lis kev cai complex "Zaporizhzhya Sich", uas tau pib ua hauv 2004. Qee lub tsev tau siv thaum lub sijhawm ua yeeb yaj kiab. Taras Bulba. Xyoo 2009, lub complex qhib rau cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws uasi.

Qhov chaw ntawm kev nthuav qhia yog ib lub tsev teev ntuj me me ntawm Kev Sib Tham ntawm Vaj Ntsuj Plig Dawb Huv, uas yog crowned nrog peb lub domes. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, muaj nees nkaum-peb lub tsev nyob rau hauv lub complex, paub cov qhua nrog lub interiors ntawm Cossack vaj tse, official thiab kev kawm ntawv, ib txwm tavern, thiab ib tug armory. Tag nrho cov kev nthuav qhia tau muab faib ua cov kosh sab hauv thiab cov chaw hauv nroog, uas, hmoov tsis, tau dhau los ua plundered los ntawm niaj hnub vandals. Lub zos nyob ib puag ncig ntawm lub palisade uas muaj peb lub tsev saib, ib tug moat thiab ib tug av rampart.

Dawb Huv khaws cov kev lis kev cai Cossack thiab lub zos Equestrian Theatre (nyob rau sab qab teb ntawm cov kob ntawm Khortytsya). Ib tug smithy ua hauj lwm ntawm no, souvenirs raug muag, nthuav theatrical ua yeeb yam tsis tu ncua coj qhov chaw: seev cev, stylized ntaj fights, txawj ntse riders qhia lawv kos duab. Theatre muab kev ua yeeb yam tsis tu ncua ntawm ICC "Zaporizhzhya Sich".

Tsis yog Cossacks

Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg nyias tias Cossacks tsis tso tseg cov keeb kwm kev nplua nuj ntawm cov chaw no - cov kob ntawm Khortytsya, uas nws pom muaj ntau heev, tau nyob los ntawm cov neeg nyob rau yav dhau los.

Nyob rau xyoo 1976-1980, archaeological excavations tau ua nyob rau hauv cov kob, thaum lub sij hawm uas ib tug tub rog nyob rau hauv lub 10th-14 centuries twb nrhiav tau nyob rau hauv sab qab teb. Kev sib cais - riam phom, ceramics - cia peb xav tias qhov kev sib haum xeeb yog qhov qub dua. Niaj hnub no, lub memorial thiab neeg mus ncig tebchaws complex "Protovche Settlement" tau qhib nyob rau hauv lub excavation site.

Scythianmounds

Cov Scythians tau tso lawv lub cim rau ntawm cov kob. Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th muaj 129 mounds ntawm no. Cov laus tshaj plaws ntawm lawv yog nyob rau Bronze Age (3rd xyoo txhiab BC). Lub mounds nyob rau hauv lub thiaj li hu ua Scythian txoj kev, uas ib zaug khiav raws lub siab ib feem ntawm cov kob ntawm Khortytsya. Niaj hnub no, kaum ib lub faus faus tau rov tsim kho dua tshiab, dai kom zoo nkauj nrog cov pob zeb thiab tooj liab steles. Ib tug ntawm lawv yog nyob ib sab ntawm lub Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Keeb Kwm ntawm Cossacks.

Memorial thiab neeg mus ncig ua si complex "Zorova Mogila" ("Scythian camp"), mob siab rau Scythian nplooj ntawm keeb kwm, occupies txog tsib hectares ntawm cheeb tsam thiab suav nrog lwm nthuav nthuav nthuav qhia uas nyiam cov kob ntawm Khortytsya - Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Pob zeb Pej thuam. Ntawm no koj tuaj yeem pom cov kev tsim ntawm tib neeg txhais tes, uas muaj ntau tshaj li ib txhiab xyoo. Yog li hais lus, kov lub hubbub ntawm centuries embodied nyob rau hauv pob zeb.

Taras Shevchenko

Lub caij ntuj sov xyoo 1843, 29-xyoo-laus Taras Shevchenko tau mus xyuas Khortytsia. Nrog kev pab los ntawm cov neeg keeb kwm hauv zos, txoj kev ntawm nws txoj kev taug kev tau txiav txim siab thiab cim nrog xya pob zeb granite, ntawm cov kab ntawm cov haujlwm ntawm Great Kobzar tau kos, uas tau hais txog cov kob ntawm Khortytsya thiab Great Zaporozhye Meadow. Cov neeg uas xav tau tuaj yeem ua raws li tus kws sau paj lug thiab qhuas ib puag ncig los ntawm txoj kev ecological "Tshaj qhov nrawm".

Hnub no Khortitsa yog ib lub koog pov txwv, tus so uas nrov tsis yog ntawm cov neeg hauv zos xwb. Nws zoo nkauj heev, nyob ntsiag to, txawm nyob kaj siab lug. Los ntawm cov ntug dej hiav txwv qaum teb sab hnub tuaj, koj tuaj yeem pom Dnieper Lub Chaw Hluav Taws Xob Hluav Taws Xob Hluav Taws Xob, thiab nyob ze yog Zaporizhzhya Sich nthuav tawm, uas ua raws li Cossack fortress ntawm 16th-18th centuries. tshwm yuav luag mystic altxoj kev xav tias koj nyob ntawm ciam teb ntawm yav dhau los thiab yav tom ntej.

lus dab neeg thiab dab neeg ntawm cov kob ntawm Khortytsya

Yuav luag txhua lub pob zeb lossis qhov tsua ntawm cov kob muaj nws cov lus dab neeg. Nws yuav siv sij hawm ntau los tham txog lawv txhua tus. Zaj dab neeg ntawm tus nab lub qhov tsua, uas Herodotus piav, yog nthuav. Hais tias, nyob rau hauv tej yam yees siv thaj av ntawm Gelea (keeb kwm xav tias qhov no yog lub Great Zaporozhye Meadow), Hercules tau ntsib tus zoo nkauj Snake-Girl. Lawv poob rau hauv kev hlub nyob rau hauv tib lub qhov tsua, qhov nqaim nkag mus uas yuav pom nyob rau hauv daim duab ntawm cov kob ntawm Khortytsya, coj los ntawm huab lovers. Kev mus rau nws nyuaj heev.

Tsuas yog ib tug ntawm peb tug me nyuam ntawm Greek hero los ntawm ib lub zos kev zoo nkauj tswj khoov tus heroic hneev ntawm nws txiv, thiab nws lub npe yog Scythian. Interestingly, cov dluab ntawm Snake Maiden muaj tseeb pom nyob rau hauv lub pob zeb pob zeb ntawm cov kob, thiab lawv cov keeb kwm yog vague.

Tom qab ntawd, cov neeg tau tsa tus nab Gorynych nyob rau hauv lub qhov tsua nto moo - nws, pov pob zeb rau ntawm tus phab ej uas tsis xav tso nws nyob ib leeg, thiab tsim ntau Dnieper islets thiab txawm lub nto moo ceev ceev.

Magical mysteries of the kob

Tseem muaj ib qho khoom ntawm Khortitsa uas yog qhov txaus siab rau cov neeg txhawb nqa ntawm esotericism - lub pob zeb loj uas hnyav tsib lossis rau centners, coj los ntawm cov dej khov, lossis coj los ntawm ib qho chaw los ntawm tib neeg. Nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, qhov no yug yog tsis raug rau cheeb tsam no: lub ze tshaj plaws cheeb tsam uas nws pom yog lub Donetsk cheeb tsam. Lub pob zeb yog dotted nrog carved kab, kom meej meej kos los ntawm tib neeg txhais tes. Cov ntawv no txhais li cas thiab ua rau lawv nkag siab, tsis muaj leej twgtsis paub meej. Nws yog feem ntau lees paub tias lub pob zeb nrog cov qauv qhia txog tus ntses (carp) thiab ua haujlwm rau cov neeg thaum ub ua khoom siv. Cov lus xaiv twb tau muab lub pob zeb nrog lub hwj chim ua khawv koob uas tuaj yeem "rub tawm" kab mob los ntawm ib tus neeg.

Yog li ntawd, cov kob ntawm Khortytsya yog qhov nthuav heev, nplua nuj nyob rau hauv kev pom thiab lus dab neeg. Txog rau hnub tim, nws cov koob meej yog deb ntawm qhov tsim nyog. Kuv xav ntseeg tias lub sijhawm yuav kho nws. Yog tias koj muaj sijhawm, nco ntsoov mus xyuas qhov chaw no. Hmoov zoo!