Nws nyuaj rau xav txog lub nroog Lavxias qub uas tsis muaj Kremlin. Qhov no yog ib lub nroog fortifications nrog yees, phab ntsa thiab cov tuam tsev. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, 14 kremlins tau tag nrho khaws cia nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm Russia, tsib ntawm cov uas muaj nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb cuab yeej cuab tam List. Ntau tshaj li kaum ob cov khoom no tau khaws cia hauv cov khoom tawg.
Lub ntsiab lus ntawm Rostov (tsis txhob cuam tshuam lub nroog no nrog Rostov-on-Don) yog Rostov Kremlin - ib qho tshwj xeeb architectural pawg nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam Yaroslavl, uas yog ib feem ntawm lub Golden nplhaib ntawm Russia. Nws yog hais txog nws uas yuav tau tham hauv kab lus no.
Tsev khaws puav pheej "Rostov Kremlin"
Cov duab ntawm pawg neeg nthuav tawm hauv kab lus zoo kawg nkaus qhia txog kev zoo nkauj thiab zoo nkauj ntawm lub monument no. Nws nyob hauv thaj chaw zoo nkauj, ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Lake Nero. Lub Nroog Metropolitan, los yog Npis Sov Lub Tsev Hais Plaub, yog lub npe ua ntej ntawm Rostov Kremlin, vim hais tias, qhov tseeb, nws yog qhov chaw nyob ntawm lub nroog ntawm Rostov diocese.
Cov architectural ensemble belongs rau lub monuments ntawm kev tiv thaiv architecture, txawm hais tias Rostov nws tus kheej tsis muaj ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua tub rog thaum lub sij hawm lub citadel tau tsim. Hnub noRostov Kremlin yog lub tsev khaws puav pheej uas tuaj yeem tuaj xyuas txhua hnub los ntawm 10 teev sawv ntxov txog 5 teev tsaus ntuj. Tab sis ntawm phab ntsa fortress lawv tsuas yog tso cai rau lub caij sov. Daim pib nkag mus rau thaj chaw ntawm qhov chaw cia nqi 300 rubles rau cov neeg laus thiab 180 rubles rau menyuam yaus lossis cov neeg laus. Cov kiv cua ntawm ancient Lavxias teb sab architecture yuav tsum twv yuav raug hu mus xyuas Rostov Kremlin. Cov duab hauv qab no tsuas yog hais txog qhov ua tau zoo ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj keeb kwm no xwb!
Dhau li ntawm tag nrho cov no, lub tsev tsim vaj tsev tseem tuaj yeem hu ua lub hnub qub ua yeeb yaj kiab. Yog li, kev kho kom zoo nkauj rau lub npe nrov Soviet zaj duab xis "Ivan Vasilyevich Hloov Kev Ua Haujlwm" yog qhov tseeb ntawm Rostov Kremlin.
Keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim cov complex
keeb kwm ntawm Lub Tsev Hais Plaub Hauv Nroog yog qhov nthuav heev, pawg tau dhau los ntawm ob peb lub sijhawm nyuaj hauv nws phau ntawv keeb kwm. Rostov Kremlin tau tsim nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 17th rau 14 xyoo - los ntawm 1670 txog 1683. Nws tau npaj raws li phau Vaj Lug Kub Npaiv Npaum: nyob hauv nruab nrab - Lub Vaj Eden nrog lub pas dej, surrounded los ntawm phab ntsa siab.
Ib qho tseem ceeb thiab tsis kaj siab tshwm sim rau Kremlin tshwm sim hauv 1787, thaum lub nroog raug xa mus rau Yaroslavl. Tom qab ntawd, Lub Tsev Hais Plaub Loj hauv Rostov maj mam poob rau hauv kev lwj. Nws txawm mus txog qhov uas cov npis sov yuav muab nws rau kev tsom xam. Hmoov zoo, nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19, architectural pawg tau rov qab los nrog cov nyiaj ntawm cov tub lag luam. Thiab ob peb xyoos tom qab ntawd, lub tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj qub txeeg qub teg tau tsim los ntawm no.
Lwm nplooj ntawv tu siab hauv keeb kwm ntawm Rostov Kremlin tau tshwm sim hauv xyoo 1953: ntau lub tsev ntawm lub tsev tau raug puas tsuaj los ntawm lub zog.tornado.
Nov yog txoj kev cua daj cua dub thiab pos keeb kwm dhau los ntawm Kremlin hauv Rostov. Hmoov zoo, peb cov poj koob yawm txwv tau tswj hwm nws los txog niaj hnub no. Thiab twb nyob rau hauv 2013, lub Rostov Kremlin nkag mus rau sab saum toj kaum "Symbols ntawm Russia".
qauv ntawm txoj kev: cathedrals ntawm Rostov Kremlin
Cov khoom siv vaj tsev tsim tau zoo kawg nkaus rau thaj chaw ib puag ncig, nyob ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv zoo nkauj Lake Nero. Raws li ib feem ntawm cov keeb kwm complex: 6 lub tuam tsev, Samuil Corps, Dawb thiab Liab Chambers, lub Rooj vag Dawb Huv, kaum ib tug yees thiab lwm lub tsev.
Cia sau tag nrho pawg ntseeg ntawm Rostov Kremlin:
- Assumption Cathedral;
- Lub Koom Txoos Cawm Seej Tsis Ua Los Ntawm Tes;
- Church of Gregory theologian;
- Church of St. John theologian;
- Church of Hodegetria;
- Church of the Resurrection (Nadratnaya).
Church of Hodegetria
Nov yog qhov kev tsim kho tshiab ntawm Rostov Kremlin. Lub tsev teev ntuj tau ua nyob rau hauv Moscow baroque style, nyob rau sab qaum teb sab hnub poob ntawm lub complex. Lub tsev teev ntuj Hodegetria txawv ntawm lwm lub tuam tsev ntawm Kremlin los ntawm qhov muaj lub sam thiaj qhib rau pem teb thib ob. Sab nraum, nws cov phab ntsa yog dai kom zoo nkauj nrog cov qauv ornaments, uas ua rau muaj kev zoo siab thaum pom los ntawm qhov deb.
Kev kho kom zoo nkauj sab hauv ntawm lub tuam tsev kuj yog tshwj xeeb: sab hauv yog dai kom zoo nkauj nrog 20 tes pleev xim rau stucco cartouches. Ib lub sij hawm thaum Npis Sov lub tsev hais plaub raug puas ntsoog, cov murals raug puas tsuaj. Lawv tau rov qab los tsuas yog hauv 1912, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau kev mus ntsib Tsar Nicholas II. Cov murals ntawm lub tuam tsev tau raug kho dua tshiab nyob rau hauvpib ntawm peb txhiab xyoo. Niaj hnub no, ib lub tsev cia puav pheej nyob hauv lub Koom Txoos Hodegetria.
Lub Koom Txoos Cawm Seej Tsis Ua Los Ntawm Tes
Xyoo 1675, lub Koom Txoos ntawm tus Cawm Seej ntawm Senyah tau loj hlob nyob rau hauv Rostov Kremlin. Nws qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm lwm tus yog qhov muaj yim-txoj kab nqes npog hauv kev tsim lub tsev teev ntuj. Kev tsim sab hauv ntawm lub tuam tsev yog qhov txawv: ib qho arcade txhawb los ntawm gilded pillars. Cov phab ntsa ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj yog dai kom zoo nkauj nrog murals, ua nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo 1675. Lub Koom Txoos ntawm Tus Cawm Seej Tsis Ua Los Ntawm Tes tau kho dua tshiab thiab rov ua dua ob zaug: thawj zaug - thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th, thiab thib ob - thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 20.
Lub hauv paus dome ntawm lub tuam tsev yog dai kom zoo nkauj nrog cov duab zoo nkauj hu ua "Fatherland". Nws depicts rau archangels nrog yaj saub scrolls, thiab cov vaults yog dai kom zoo nkauj nrog cov xwm txheej tseem ceeb ntawm Txoj Moo Zoo. "Kev Txiav Txim Kawg" yog piav qhia ntawm phab ntsa sab hnub poob ntawm lub tuam tsev, thiab lub iconostasis nyob rau sab nraud.
Church of Gregory theologian
Lub tsev teev ntuj no tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 1670 ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm Grigorievsky monastery, uas muaj nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw ua ntej. Hmoov tsis zoo, thawj lub tsev sab hauv ntawm lub tuam tsev tau hlawv thaum lub sij hawm hluav taws kub xyoo 1730. Tom qab nws, kev kho kom zoo nkauj sab hauv ntawm lub Koom Txoos St. Gregory theologian tau hloov kho, tshwj xeeb, nrog rau kev siv stucco.
Thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th, lub iconostasis tshiab tau nruab rau hauv lub tuam tsev, uas tau dai kom zoo nkauj gilded carvings.
Church of St. John theologian
Ib lub tsev teev ntuj kawg ntawm Rostov Kremlin, ua rau xyoo 1683. Cov kws tshaj lij sau tseg tias lub tuam tsev no txawv ntawm nws txoj kev zoo nkauj piv raulwm lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm lub architectural complex. Lub facades yog zoo nkauj dai kom zoo nkauj thiab yog yus muaj los ntawm ib tug amazing kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov ntaub ntawv. Lub tuam tsev tau dim ntau yam xwm txheej: ob qhov hluav taws kub (hauv 1730 thiab xyoo 1758) ua rau nws puas tsuaj, thiab xyoo 1831 nws poob nws lub ru tsev vim cua daj cua dub. Nws tsuas yog nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19 uas lub restoration ntawm cov qauv no tau ua tiag tiag. Txawm li cas los, twb nyob rau hauv 1953, ib tug haib cua daj cua dub tshwm sim nyob rau hauv Rostov, uas lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm St. John theologian dua raug kev txom nyem heev. Txawm li cas los xij, txawm tias txhua yam kev txom nyem ntawm txoj hmoo, lub tuam tsev tau tswj hwm thiab xa mus rau cov xeeb ntxwv.
Gate Church of the Resurrection
Xyoo 1670, Lub Koom Txoos Kav Tos Liv tau tsim tsa rau thaj tsam ntawm Rostov Kremlin. Nws nyob saum lub rooj vag, nyob rau hauv qab daus siab. Lub façade ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj yog qhov nyuaj los ntawm cov duab plaub uas protrude me ntsis ntawm lub dav hlau ntawm phab ntsa.
Assumption Cathedral thiab nws cov belfry
Lub Assumption Cathedral ntawm Rostov Kremlin yog lub ntsiab monumental qauv ntawm pawg. Nws tau tsim nyob rau hauv 1508-1512 ntawm qhov chaw uas nws cov thawj coj tau ua yav tas los. Lub tuam tsev yog heev reminiscent ntawm lub Assumption Cathedral nyob rau hauv Moscow nyob rau hauv nws cov architecture: tsib-domed, decorated nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv yooj yim tab sis noble. Nws yog ua los ntawm cib thiab pob zeb dawb, tag nrho qhov siab ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj yog 60 meters.
Assumption Cathedral yog dai kom zoo nkauj nrog ntau yam khoom zoo nkauj: cov no yog cov vaj huam sib luag, siv tawv thiab kab rov tav rods. Ua tsaug rau qhov no, lub tuam tsev zoo nkauj heev thiab nthuav tawm, txawm tias nyob rau xyoo pua 21st nws zoo nkauj heev.
Tom ntejlub belfry ntawm Assumption Cathedral nyob, uas tau tsim ntau tom qab, twb nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th. Nws yog crowned nrog plaub tshooj. Lub nroog Jonah tau hais kom 13 lub tswb nrov kom muab pov rau lub belfry no, txhua tus tau txais txiaj ntsig nrog nws tus kheej tonality. Nyob rau hauv dav dav, lub tswb muaj peev xwm tsim ib tug harmonious thiab qab ntxiag ringing. Txog niaj hnub no, 15 lub tswb tau khaws cia rau ntawm lub ntsej muag ntawm Assumption Cathedral ntawm Rostov Kremlin.
Nws tseem tsim nyog sau cia tias xyoo 1991 ob qho tib si Assumption Cathedral thiab nws cov belfry raug xa rov qab mus rau Lavxias teb sab Orthodox Church.
Tswb
Lub tswb ntawm Rostov Kremlin tsim nyog cov lus tshwj xeeb. Thawj thawj - rau tus npis sov lub tsev hais plaub hauv Rostov - raug muab pov rau hauv 1682. Nws tau txais lub npe "Swan" thiab hnyav tsuas yog 500 phaus (hauv kev sib piv nrog lub tswb tom ntej ntawm Kremlin, nws yog qhov hnyav me me). Ib xyoos tom qab, tus tom ntej no tau nrum - "Polyelein", qhov hnyav uas twb mus txog 1000 phaus. Ob lub tswb yog ua haujlwm ntawm ib tus tswv - Philip Andreev.
Lub tswb loj tshaj plaws ntawm Rostov Kremlin (qhov hnyav 2000 phaus!) raug pov los ntawm lwm tus tswv - Flor Terentiev xyoo 1688. Tus nplaig ib leeg hnyav dua ib tuj, yog li ob tug txiv neej muaj zog yuav tsum tau viav vias. Txawm li cas los xij, kev zoo nkauj ntawm lub suab, raws li cov kws tshaj lij, nws tsis muaj qhov sib npaug hauv Rostov.
Lwm lub tswb nrov - "Kev tshaib kev nqhis" - hnyav 172 phaus. Nws tsuas yog siv thaum lub sij hawm qiv. Tag nrho lwm lub tswb ntawm Rostov Kremlin yog me me, hnyav tsis ntau tshaj 30 phaus. Yuav luag tag nrho lawv tau raug pov rau hauv lub xyoo pua 17th, raws li keeb kwm.
Lub tswb ntawm Rostov Kremlin muaj lub suab nrov tshwj xeeb, qhov zoo nkauj ntawm Berlioz thiab Chaliapin ib zaug qhuas. Nrog lub advent ntawm Soviet hwj chim, tag nrho cov tsev teev ntuj tswb raug txwv. Thiab lub tswb ntawm Rostov Kremlin tau npaj kom puas tsuaj tag nrho. Lawv tshuav lawv txoj kev cawm seej rau A. V. Lunacharsky, uas ua txuj ci tseem ceeb kawg hauv Rostov thiab khaws cov monuments tseem ceeb tshaj plaws no.
Zoo kawg
Lub Rostov Kremlin yog ib lub monument loj ntawm keeb kwm thiab architecture. Qhov no yog ib qho ntawm cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws pawg ntawm lub teb chaws, txhua xyoo attracts txog 200 txhiab tourists. Lub Kremlin nyob rau hauv Rostov tsis yog tsuas yog tshwj xeeb architecture thiab zoo nkauj tuam tsev. Xav tsis thoob thiab txaus nyiam yog qhov zoo kawg nkaus fertile huab cua uas kav ntawm thaj chaw ntawm no complex.
