Lub Senate Ntauwd yog ib feem ntawm Kremlin pawg, lub ntsiab attraction ntawm Moscow. Nws nyob ntawm phab ntsa sab hnub tuaj thiab saib Red Square. Lub Senate Ntauwd ntawm Kremlin tau tsim nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua 15th, thaum lub sij hawm kav ntawm Ivan III. Nws tau tsim tsa raws li qhov project ntawm Italian tus tswv Pietro Solari.
Lub ntsej muag ntawm Kremlin
Nyob hauv txoj kev npaj, cov architectural ensemble muaj cov duab ntawm ib daim duab peb sab, nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm uas muaj peb yees ntawm ncig hla seem. Cov kaum ib zaug tau suav hais tias yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws thiab tau npaj rau kev tiv thaiv tag nrho. Lub Kremlin muaj 20 tus pej thuam hauv tag nrho. Senate - ib tug ntawm cov laus tshaj plaws.
Tag nrho qhov ntev ntawm cov phab ntsa Kremlin yog ntau tshaj li ob txhiab meters nrog qhov siab ntawm tsib mus rau nees nkaum. Nyob rau sab nraud, lawv tau nruab nrog cov hniav hauv daim ntawv ntawm tus dovetail.
Tus pej thuam siab tshaj plaws, Troitskaya, nce mus txog qhov siab yuav luag 80 meters. Nws yog dhau ntawm nws lub rooj vag uas cov neeg tuaj xyuas nkag mus rau Kremlin hla tus choj niaj hnub no. Ntawm qhov nkag yog tus pej thuam qis tshaj plaws ntawm pawg - Kutafya.
Nws tsim nyog ntxiv tias qhov siab ntawm qee lub tsev Kremlin tau nce siab thaum pibXVII xyoo pua. Tom qab ntawd cov tsev pheeb suab ntaub tau ua rau lawv.
Lub npe nrov tshaj plaws ntawm cov yees yog Spasskaya. Nws qhov siab yog 71 meters. Nws muaj lub ntsiab nkag mus rau thaj chaw ntawm Kremlin - Spassky Gate, muaj npe tom qab lub rooj vag icon ntawm tus Cawm Seej ntawm Smolensk. Thaum ub lawv ua kevcai raus dej - cov neeg txawv tebchaws tuaj ntsib no.
Lub chimes ntawm Spasskaya Ntauwd tau paub thoob plaws lub tebchaws. Thawj qhov hais txog ntawm lawv hnub rov qab mus rau xyoo pua 16th. Muaj tseeb, ces lub moos tsis zoo li lub sijhawm tam sim no. Lub luag hauj lwm ntawm tus xub nyob rau hauv lawv tau ua si los ntawm daim duab ntawm lub hnub nrog ib tug ntev beam.
Neeg Ntauwd
Nyob rau hauv lub yim caum ntawm lub xyoo pua 15th, kev tsim loj loj pib. Tus tsar xav kom muaj ib lub fortress nyob rau hauv Moscow uas yuav qhia tau hais tias lub greatness thiab lub hwj chim ntawm Lavxias teb sab xeev, uas nws tau hais kom txawj craftsmen los ntawm txawv teb chaws.
Lub nroog Lavxias hu ua Belokamennaya vim li cas. Ua ntej muaj ib lub fortress cib liab nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub nroog, muaj ib lub tsev ua los ntawm cov pob zeb dawb.
Yog li, Senate Ntauwd tau tsim nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua 15th. Tab sis tom qab ntawd nws tsis muaj npe. Hauv qee cov ntaub ntawv nws tau teev tseg tias yog "Daws Tower". Tab sis ntau zaus nws raug hu ua Nameless. Lub Senate Ntauwd tau txais nws lub npe niaj hnub nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 18th.
Architect Pietro Solari saib xyuas kev tsim kho ntawm tag nrho cov phab ntsa sab hnub tuaj. Ib tug pej thuam tau ua rau hauv phab ntsa, uas tsis muaj lub rooj vag - Senate. Lub Moscow Kremlin yog surrounded los ntawm ib tug fortification moat. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv ntxiv, kev sib ntaus sib tua tau ua raws nws cov ntug.
Nyob hauv Kremlin raws Senate NtauwdLub tsev ntawm tus huab tais Trubetskoy nyob. Tseem muaj ob peb lub tsev teev ntuj thiab lub palace xaj.
Kab lus nthuav tawm cov duab ntawm Senate Ntauwd. Nws yog tsim nyog paub tias nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 16th lub tsev no zoo li txawv heev. Lub Senate ntauwd yog tsawg ornate. Muaj ib yam dab tsi stern, gloomy nyob rau hauv lub tsos. Muaj peb theem ntawm qhov khoob hauv, nrog cov phom loj nyob rau saum.
Modernization
Hauv xyoo 1680, 17 Senate Ntauwd tau tsim kho dua tshiab. Tam sim no nws qhov siab tau mus txog 34 meters. Lub tsev pheeb suab tetrahedral tau txuas nrog rau sab qis, tom qab ntawd cov tsos ntawm cov qauv hloov pauv loj heev.
Xyoo 1787, Senate Palace tau tsim nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm Kremlin. Thaum ntawd tus pej thuam tau txais nws lub npe niaj hnub no.
1812
Moscow, raws li koj paub, tau raug kev puas tsuaj los ntawm cov hluav taws kub los ntawm Fabkis. Tawm hauv lub nroog Lavxias, cov tub rog ntawm Napoleonic cov tub rog mined ib feem ntawm Kremlin pawg. Tom qab ntawd, ntau cov lus dab neeg tau tshwm sim, raws li tus thawj coj Fab Kis tsis tuaj yeem so lub Kremlin tawm ntawm lub ntsej muag ntawm lub ntiaj teb tsuas yog ua tsaug rau qhov txuj ci tseem ceeb. Ib txoj kev lossis lwm qhov, Senate Ntauwd tsis puas los ntawm hluav taws.
5 xyoo tom qab kawg ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib 2, tus huab tais Lavxias tau kos npe rau txoj kev npaj rau kev tsim kho lub peev. Liab Square tau rov qab los. Thiab nyob rau hauv 1818, ib tug monument rau Minin thiab Pozharsky kuj tau tsa rau ntawm nws.
Lub Senate Ntauwd yog nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm phab ntsa sab hnub tuaj. Nws, ntawm chav kawm, tsis tau ua haujlwm fortification rau ntau centuries. Lub pej thuam no ib zaug tau txais kev kho kom zoo nkauj thaum lub sijhawm ua koob tsheej,tshwj xeeb tshaj yog lub coronation ntawm cov hauj sam. Thaum Alexander III nce lub zwm txwv, lub xeev lub cim tau muab tso rau ntawm lub tsev.
20th century
Tom qab kev tawm tsam, Bolsheviks tau tuav lub Kremlin. Cov khoom tshiab tau tshwm sim ntawm thaj chaw ntawm lub fortress qub. Yog li, ntawm ob sab ntawm Senate Ntauwd, urns nrog cov tshauv ntawm statesmen tau pw. Ntawm ko taw ntawm cov qauv yog cov ntxa ntawm Dzerzhinsky, Frunze, Kalinin, Zhdanov.
"Rau cov neeg uas poob rau kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb thiab kev ua kwv tij ntawm tib neeg" - qhov no yog lub npe ntawm lub pob nyem nyem tau teeb tsa ntawm Senate Ntauwd hauv xyoo 1917. Ua ntej tsim lub xeev Soviet, lwm qhov kev kho dua tshiab ntawm Kremlin yees tau ua tiav. Nyob rau hauv 1922, ib tug monument rau tus proletarian raug tsa nyob ze ntawm lub Senate ntauwd. Nyob rau hauv lub forties, ib txoj kev tau tsim nyob rau hauv lub tsev no mus rau lub Mausoleum, uas yog siv tshwj xeeb los ntawm cov tswv cuab ntawm Central Committee.
Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, ib tug sculptors tau thov kom luv lub Senate Ntauwd thiab nruab ib lub monument rau Lenin rau nws. Hmoov zoo, lub tswv yim no tsis tau txais kev txhawb nqa. Kev kho dua tshiab kawg tau ua tiav xyoo 2016.
Senate Square tau piav qhia ntawm daim duab ntawm cov kws ua yeeb yam nto moo. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv Surikov painting "Thaum sawv ntxov ntawm lub Streltsy tua."
Txhua lub sijhawm coj ib yam tshiab rau Kremlin. Yog li, nyob rau hauv Peter, kev tsim kho ntawm Arsenal pib, nyob rau hauv lub facade uas Napoleon ntes tau cannons tau nthuav tawm. Thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th thiab nyob rau hauv thawj ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th, lub Kremlin tau rov ua dua nrog ob lub palaces: Senate, tom qab uas ib lub yees tau raug hu ua, thiab Great Kremlin, ua los ntawm Nicholas I. Nyob rau xyoo 1840., lub tsev tshiab ntawm Kremlin lub tsev khaws nyiaj khaws cia - Armory,uas nws lub npe los ntawm lub npe ntawm ib qho ntawm Kremlin treasuries.
