Ryazan Kremlin: keeb kwm, tshuaj xyuas thiab duab. Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Ryazan Kremlin

2024 Tus sau: Harold Hamphrey | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:14

Lub Kremlin yog qhov qub tshaj plaws ntawm lub nroog Ryazan. Nws yog nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw no uas Pereyaslavl Ryazansky tau tsim nyob rau hauv 1095, uas nyob rau hauv 1778 tau renamed rau nws tam sim no lub npe. Qhov chaw rau kev tsim kho tau xaiv qhov zoo. Lub Ryazan Kremlin nyob rau ntawm lub platform siab nrog thaj tsam ntawm 26 hectares thiab cov duab ntawm cov plaub fab tsis sib xws, nyob ib puag ncig peb sab los ntawm cov dej ntws. Thiab cov cim ntawm kev sib haum xeeb thaum ub pom ntawm no rov qab mus rau ib txhiab xyoo BC.

keeb kwm me ntsis

Pereyaslavl, raws li archaeologists, tau tsim nyob rau ntawm ntug dej ntawm Lake Bystry, nyob rau sab qaum teb ntawm lub toj. Qhov no tau lees paub nrog cov thev naus laus zis tshiab. Tom qab ntawd nws pib loj hlob sai thiab nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 14th nws twb nyob tag nrho lub Kremlin toj. Yog vim li cas yog qhov yooj yim heev: los ntawm qhov kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 13th, lub nroog tau hloov nws cov xwm txheej, dhau los ua lub nroog lub nroog ntawm tus thawj tswj hwm, txij li Ryazan, uas muaj xws li qib ua ntej, tau rov ua dua.rhuav tshem thaum lub sij hawm Mongol-Tatar raids. Pereyaslavl, raws li keeb kwm ntawm Ryazan Kremlin hais tias, sai heev mus dhau lub toj thiab loj hlob sai heev rau sab hnub poob thiab sab qab teb.

Thiab Kremlin nws tus kheej tseem yog lub zog tshaj plaws, nruab nrab ntawm lub nroog thiab yog lub fortress muaj zog heev nrog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tiv thaiv ib txwm muaj rau Russia. Ntawm ib sab, sab qab teb sab hnub poob, tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv los ntawm cov dej ntws, ib tug moat tau khawb, thiab ib lub rampart tau nchuav ib ncig ntawm tag nrho cov perimeter. Fortified ntoo phab ntsa nrog 12 yees tau tsa rau ntawm nws. Lub rooj vag ntawm Glebovskaya ntauwd yog lub ntsiab sawv daws yuav thiab saib mus rau Moscow. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 18th, Pereyaslavl poob nws qhov tseem ceeb raws li ib tug outpost nyob rau hauv sab qab teb ntawm Russia, thiab feem ntau ntawm cov tub rog qauv raug rhuav tshem. Tsuas yog ib feem ntawm lub rampart ntev 300 meters thiab ib tug kwj nyob rau sab qab teb sab hnub poob nyob rau hauv peb lub sij hawm.

Kev txhim kho ntxiv ntawm Kremlin

Rau ib lub sijhawm ntev, Ryazan Kremlin tau tsim los ntawm ntoo. Thiab tsuas yog thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 15th, los ntawm pob zeb dawb, tsis deb ntawm lub tsev hais plaub princely, lub tsev teev ntuj thoob plaws lub nroog Assumption Cathedral tau tsim tsa. Thiab nyob rau hauv lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th, Pereyaslavl pom lub heyday ntawm pob zeb architecture.

Nyob rau hauv qhov chaw uas tus huab tais lub tsev nyob yav tas los nyob, cov neeg tsim tsa tau tsim ib lub koom txoos tag nrho uas muaj ntau yam kev tsim vaj tse: ntau lub tsev tsim thiab kev tswj hwm, suav nrog lub tsev fwj, lub tsev tsim khoom, Lub Koom Txoos thiab Lub Tsev Hu Nkauj., lub tsev nyob ntawm tus npis sov, uas tau tom qab hu ua "Oleg's Palace". Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo tom ntej, 18th caug xyoo, cov khoom muaj nyob ib puag ncig ntawm lub laj kab zeb,muab tej rooj vag. Tam sim no, ib feem ntawm lawv tuaj yeem pom nyob ze ntawm Consistory Corps.

monasteries ntawm Pereyaslavl thiab Cathedral Square

Nyob thaum ub, muaj ob lub tsev teev ntuj nyob rau thaj chaw no - ob tug txiv neej. Nyob rau sab qab teb - Spassky, feem ntau ancient, nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb-sab hnub tuaj - Dukhovsky. Tau ntev, muaj ib lub nroog, nplua nuj heev, toj ntxas nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm thawj. Nyob rau hauv lub 40s ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem, nws yog liquidated, tso ob faus nyob rau hauv lub cim xeeb rau cov qub txeeg qub tes:

1. Engraver, xibfwb I. P. Pozhalostin los ntawm St. Petersburg Academy of Arts, uas nyob ntawm 1837 txog 1909.
2. Artists thiab sau ntawv S. D. Khvoshchinskaya, uas nyob ntawm 1828 txog 1865.

Thiab xyoo 1959, los ntawm ze Ryazan, lub ntxa ntawm Ya. P. Polonsky, tus kws sau paj huam loj hauv Lavxias uas nyob rau xyoo 19th, tau pauv mus rau qhov ntawd. Qhov chaw tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm Pereyaslavl yog lub Cathedral Square, nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm qhov chaw uas nyob: tus neeg ua haujlwm lub tsev pheeb suab - lub tsev tseem ceeb ntawm cov thawj coj hauv nroog, cov chav ua haujlwm hmoov thiab lub tsev loj cuj.

Ryazan Kremlin hauv lig 19th - ntxov 20th century

Los ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th, cov khoom no maj mam poob nws qhov tseem ceeb. Lub secularization ntawm thaj av ntawm pawg ntseeg tau ua, thiab tom qab ntawd kev lag luam ntawm tus npis sov tau txo qis. Thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th, lub nroog nruab nrab tau tsiv mus deb ntawm Kremlin, thiab txij li thaum ntawd, kev txhawb siab tau pom nyob ntawm no tsuas yog hnub ntawm ntau yam kev cai dab qhuas hnub so.

Tsawg lub sij hawm - qhov chaw nyob ntsiag to thiab ntsiag to. Tab sis thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th,ua tsaug rau cov dej num ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab kev coj noj coj ua hauv nroog zej zog, nrog rau cov kws tshawb fawb hauv zos, Ryazan Kremlin pib tau txais cov xwm txheej ntawm ib qho ntawm cov keeb kwm tseem ceeb hauv cheeb tsam. Los ntawm 800th hnub tseem ceeb ntawm lub nroog, nyob rau hauv 1895, qhov chaw no tau los ua qhov chaw ntawm grandiose koob tsheej. Nyob rau hauv Oleg lub Palace nyob rau hauv 1914, lub tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj qub txeeg qub teg, lub Ancient Storage Museum, tau qhib, thiab nyob rau hauv 1923, twb nyob rau hauv Soviet lub sij hawm, lub xeev art thiab keeb kwm tsev cia puav pheej.

Cov chaw keeb kwm no yog tam sim no

theem tshiab ntawm Ryazan Kremlin Tsev khaws puav pheej-Reserve tau pib xyoo 1968, thaum cov tub ceev xwm hauv cheeb tsam tsim ib qho chaw tsim vaj tsev thiab keeb kwm ntawm no. Ntxiv rau thaj chaw ntawm Pereyaslavl thaum ub, nws suav nrog tag nrho cov vaj tse thiab kev tiv thaiv ntawm ntau pua xyoo dhau los uas tau muaj sia nyob rau hnub ntawd.

Thaj chaw nws tus kheej tau muab tso rau hauv kev txiav txim, qee lub tsev tau rov qab los thiab hloov mus rau hauv tsev cia puav pheej. Niaj hnub no, lub koom haum no, ua ke nrog cov toj roob hauv pes zoo nkauj thiab zoo nkauj tshaj plaws ancient Lavxias teb sab architecture, txaus sawv cev tsis tau tsuas yog lub regional center, lub nroog ntawm Ryazan, tab sis yog ib tug ntawm cov decorations thiab kev txaus siab ntawm tag nrho cov ntawm Russia.

Assumption Cathedral

Txhua xyoo muaj coob tus neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws tuaj mus rau qhov chaw no kom paub me ntsis txog yav dhau los ntawm lawv lub tebchaws, cov neeg txawv tebchaws - kawm txog keeb kwm Lavxias. Yog li, lub hauv paus monument ntawm no yog Assumption Cathedral ntawm Ryazan Kremlin, uas peb tau hais luv luv. Nws tau tsim los ntawm Yakov Grigoryevich Bukhvostov, tus kws kos duab loj tshaj plaws, xyoo 1693-1699. Lub tsev teev ntuj tau tsimlub tsev teev ntuj lub caij ntuj sov, tab sis nws tau los ua ib lub tsev loj, uas, nrog rau nws qhov loj, 1600 square meters ntawm cheeb tsam thiab 72 meters nyob rau hauv qhov siab, tshaj feem ntau ntawm lub tsev ntawm lub sij hawm.

Lub tsev architectural style yog Naryshkin Baroque, uas yog ib qho piv txwv zoo kawg nkaus ntawm cov organic synthesis ntawm icon painting, duab puab thiab architecture. Piv txwv li, carving ntawm architraves thiab portals ntawm pob zeb dawb tsis muaj analogues. Xya theem ntawm lub cim nrog qhov siab ntawm 27 meters tau ua los ntawm Nikolai Solomonov, ib tug tub ntxhais kawm thiab ua raws ntawm Simon Ushakov. Lub carving ntawm iconostasis, ua los ntawm Sergei Khristoforov, kuj txawv los ntawm exceptional artistic tsim nyog. Cov kab yog ua los ntawm ib tsob ntoo pob tw. Thaum lub caij ntuj sov, lub tsev teev ntuj qhib rau pej xeem. Nws txawm muaj kev pe hawm Vajtswv. Xyoo 2008, nws tau tso tseg los ua ib lub tsev cia puav pheej thiab tau hloov mus rau hauv lub zos diocese.

Glebovsky choj thiab ramparts

Saib lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm Ryazan Kremlin, ib tus tsis tuaj yeem hais txog Nativity Cathedral, uas yog tsev relics ntawm St. Basil ntawm Ryazan, tus npis sov, nrog rau lub qhov ntxa ntawm cov ntxhais huabtais hauv zos: Sophia, tus ntxhais ntawm Dmitry Donskoy, thiab tus muam ntawm Ivan thib peb, Anna. Nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm lub Kremlin muaj ib lub pob zeb Glebovsky choj, uas tau tsim rau lub tswb pej thuam nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 18th. Nws muaj arched qauv. Txawm tias ua ntej, nyob rau hauv nws qhov chaw yog ib tug ntoo choj ua los ntawm ntoo qhib, nrog railings thiab txuas lub ntsiab ntawm lub nroog nrog Ostrog.

Thaum qhov kev hem thawj ntawm kev tawm tsam sab nraud ploj mus, nws tau hloov nrog lub pob zeb. Los ntawm sab hnub poob ntawm Kremlin tojmuaj lwm lub fortification thaum ub - lub ntiaj teb rampart. Nws ntev yog 290 meters, tag nrho cov uas yog sab laug. Yav dhau los, txog rau thaum xyoo pua 18th, nws muaj cov phab ntsa ntoo thiab cov yees. Thiab tom qab nws yog ib tug moat uas muaj dej thiab mus txog rau xya meters tob. Thiab txawm hais tias tam sim no tus ncej tsis tshua muaj siab thiab maj mam, nws tseem sawv ntsug thiab khav theeb saum thaj chaw ib puag ncig.

Oleg's Palace

Yog tias koj txiav txim siab mus xyuas Ryazan Kremlin, kev mus ncig ua si yuav pab koj kom paub txog txhua qhov chaw txaus nyiam thiab nthuav dav. Koj yuav twv yuav raug hu, piv txwv li, lub tsev loj tshaj plaws pej xeem nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm cheeb tsam - Oleg's Palace, uas tau tsa rau ntawm qhov chaw uas tus huab tais lub tsev hais plaub nyob rau hauv keeb kwm. Muaj ib lub tsev ntawm cov npis sov hauv zos, lawv cov kev pabcuam hauv tsev, cov koom txoos hauv zej zog thiab ib lub tsev teev ntuj. Tsev cheeb tsam - 2530 square meters.

Nws muaj peb pem teb, uas tsis tau tsim ib zaug, tab sis nyob rau theem. Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th, tus kws kes duab vajtse Yu. K. Ershov tau tsim thawj ob, thiab thaum kawg ntawm tib lub xyoo pua, tus kws kes duab vajtse G. L. Mazukhin ua tus thib peb. Xyoo 1780, qhov ntev ntawm lub tsev tau nce los ntawm tus kws kos duab Ya. I. Schneider, ua tsaug rau qhov txuas ntxiv mus rau sab hnub tuaj. Thiab nyob rau hauv lub xyoo tom ntej, tus kws kes duab vajtse S. A. Shchetkin tau ua tiav nws. Nws hloov tawm mus ua ib lub tsev zoo nkauj heev nrog lub baroque pediment, xim architraves thiab ntauwd windows. Txij thaum ntawd los, nws tau dhau los ua lub npe hu ua Oleg's Palace.

Singing Corps

Kawm cov tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Ryazan Kremlin, ib tus tsis tuaj yeem tab sis ua tib zoo mloog rau lub monument ntawm architecture ntawm nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th - Hu nkauj Corps. UaTus kws kes duab vajtse Yu. K. Ershov, nws tau txais nws lub npe vim yog kev cob qhia cov neeg hu nkauj nyob ntawm no. Txawm hais tias, qhov tseeb, lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm lub tsev yog txawv. Cov no yog ib lub tsev nyob rau cov neeg txhab nyiaj thiab cov neeg saib xyuas tsev, cov npis sov cov tub qhe. Thaum kawg ntawm lub tsev muaj chav txais tos, uas muaj nws tus kheej nkag mus. Lub tsev yog duab plaub, ob-storey, tsim nyob rau hauv lub architectural style ntawm lub sij hawm ntawd.

Ua tsaug rau lub qab nthab, ua nyob rau hauv cov style ntawm architecture ntawm ancient Russia, nws muaj ib tug tshwj xeeb elegant saib. Ntawm lub vaults thiab phab ntsa, nrog rau hauv chav txais tos ntawm tus tswv tsev, ib daim duab zoo nkauj tau khaws cia hauv cov khoom tawg. Tam sim no nyob rau hauv lub tsev no muaj ib lub tsev khaws puav pheej nthuav tawm hu ua "Raws li kev cai ntawm yawg", uas qhia txog hnub so thiab lub neej niaj hnub ntawm cov neeg Lavxias ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd. Ntau yam nthuav dav ntxiv nyob hauv thaj chaw ntawm Ryazan Kremlin. Siv sijhawm los saib ib ncig, yuav muaj qee yam nco ntsoov ntev.