Georgievsky Cathedral ntawm St. George's Monastery: piav qhia thiab yees duab

2024 Tus sau: Harold Hamphrey | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:14

St. Yuriev Monastery yog suav tias yog ib qho ntawm cov laus tshaj plaws hauv tebchaws Russia. Nyob rau yav dhau los, nws yog ib qho chaw ntawm sab ntsuj plig, thiab tam sim no nws yog ib tug txiv neej lub tsev teev ntuj. Nws nyob tsib kilometers ntawm Veliky Novgorod ze ntawm Lake Ilmen.

History of tshwm sim

Raws li cov lus dab neeg, lub tsev teev ntuj tau tsim tsa hauv 1030 los ntawm Yaroslav the Wise, uas tau muab lub npe George hauv kev cai raus dej dawb huv. Li no lub npe ntawm lub chaw sab ntsuj plig.

Thawj qhov kev hais tawm tsis txaus ntseeg rau nws hnub rov qab mus rau 1119. St. George's Cathedral ntawm Yuriev Monastery, zoo li txhua lub tsev, yog thawj ntoo. Tab sis nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo, nyob rau hauv lub behest ntawm Prince Mstislav, ib tug majestic pob zeb tsev teev ntuj tau pw. St. George's Cathedral belongs rau cov creation ntawm tus tswv Peter, uas kuj tsim lub Koom Txoos ntawm lub Annunciation rau Gorodische. Qhov no yog thawj tus neeg tsim khoom hauv Lavxias thaum ub uas nws lub npe tau hais nyob rau hauv keeb kwm.

Txij thaum lub chaw nyob ntawm Tub Vaj Ntxwv Mstislav lub sijhawm ntawd nyob hauv Kyiv, St. George Cathedral hauv Novgorod tau tsim nyob rau hauv kev saib xyuas ntawm nws tus tub Vsevolod thiab Abbot ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj Kyriakos.

Txoj haujlwm txuas ntxiv rau kaum ib xyoos. Thiab ua ntej kawgcov phab ntsa tau them tag nrho nrog cov frescoes tshwj xeeb. Thaum Lub Xya Hli 12, 1130, lub tuam tsev raug fij rau kev hwm ntawm George tus yeej. Lub ceremony tau ua los ntawm Npis Sov John, txij li thaum Abbot Kyriakos, uas yog tus thawj coj ntawm kev tsim kho, tuag ob xyoos ua ntej St. George Cathedral ntawm St. George's Monastery tau ua tiav. Cov frescoes - kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm lub tsev - raug rhuav tshem nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua cuaj caug.

Lub tsev nta

Majestic loj, St. George's Cathedral hauv Novgorod, txawm tias qis dua rau pawg ntseeg ntawm St. Sofia, tab sis kuj muaj nyob rau hauv lub txhab nyiaj ntawm medieval architecture nyob rau hauv Russia. Qhov txawv ntawm lub tuam tsev qhia txog cov tswv yim zoo nkauj tshaj plaws ntawm peb cov poj koob yawm txwv thaum ub txog kev sib haum xeeb thiab kev zoo nkauj. Tom qab tag nrho, lawv tsis tau tsim ib qho qauv, tab sis, raws li cov neeg sau keeb kwm sau, "ib qho duab ntawm lub Koom Txoos nyob rau hauv nws txoj kev xav thoob ntiaj teb."

Architectural Solutions

Georgievsky Cathedral ntawm St. George's Monastery muaj qhov loj me me: txog nees nkaum xya meters ntev, ntau tshaj kaum yim meters dav thiab raws nraim peb caug-ob meters siab. Nws cov phab ntsa yog sib xyaw masonry - ua ke ntawm pob zeb blocks thiab cib. Thawj lub ru tsev yog thawj zaug ua pozakomary, npog nrog cov ntawv txhuas, tab sis tom qab ntawd nws tau hloov nrog lub hipped. Thiab nws nyob hauv daim ntawv no uas tau khaws cia rau hnub no.

Georgievsky Cathedral ntawm St. George lub Monastery yog crowned nrog peb asymmetrically nyob domes. Lub ntsiab dome yog crowned nrog ib tug crossroads, lub thib ob, nyob rau hauv uas muaj ib tug tshwj xeeb lub tsev teev ntuj rau monastic kev pab cuam nyob rau hauv seclusion, yog teem rau saum ib tug square stair stairs nyob rau sab qaum teb ces kaum, thiab lub thib peb - me me - raws li yog hais tiassib npaug rau yav dhau los.

Zoo li lwm lub tsev teev ntuj Lavxias thaum ub, St. George's Cathedral ntawm Yuriev Monastery nyob ze Novgorod yog ua lub tsev loj loj. Ntawm nws sab qaum teb sab hnub poob, tus tswv Peter tau tso ib lub duab plaub ntawm qhov siab siab nrog rau sab hauv staircase ua rau cov plag tsev ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj. Tus kws tsim vaj tsev zoo tshaj plaws hauv tebchaws Russia tau tswj kom ua tiav hauv lub tsev no qhov kev nthuav qhia zoo kawg nkaus ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, coj mus rau qhov txwv tsis pub tshaj, nrog rau kev nruj nruj.

Txoj kev daws teeb meem tshiab

Txawm hais tias cov pawg hu nkauj ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj raug tso siab txaus, lawv tsis zoo li nyem hauv qab lub tsev teev ntuj. Sab hnub poob thiab sab hnub tuaj ntawm lub tsev tsis sib npaug ntawm qhov loj, xws li, piv txwv li, hauv cov vaj tsev zoo sib xws. Tsis tas li ntawd, tus tswv, los ntawm kev nce qhov dav ntawm cov me me naves, uas yog peb zaug loj dua qhov tuab ntawm phab ntsa, ua rau sab hnub tuaj me ntsis luv.

Nyob hauv lub tuam tsev, zoo li yog subconsciously, ib qho kev faib raug ntes mus rau hauv lub ntsiab chav tsev, npaj rau pe hawm, thiab mus rau hauv ib tug me ntsis me ntsis - lub thaj.

Georgievsky Cathedral yog qhov loj heev los ntawm sab nraud raws li nws yog los ntawm sab hauv. Txawm li cas los xij, ntawm no ib qho xav tsis thoob qhov sib npaug, tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ib qho kev nplua nuj ntawm cov qhov rais zoo tib yam thiab niches teem rau hauv txoj siv sia. Ib hom kev kawm yog xav tau nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb ntawm cov khoom xyaw, yuav luag imperceptible vim lub asymmetry ntawm peb-dimensional kev tsim kho thiab muaj zog masonry, tsis nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov txwv los ntawm nruj heev kab.

kho kom zoo nkauj sab hauv

Lub tuam tsev zoo li niaj hnub no nyob ze heevtus thawj, raws nraim li nws yog centuries dhau los, thiab pom nws cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws uasi tuaj rau Novgorod. St. George's Cathedral ntawm Yuriev Monastery muaj kev kho kom zoo nkauj sab hauv uas qhia txog tus cwj pwm thiab lub hom phiaj ntawm nws yog lub ntsiab thiab tib lub sijhawm princely pawg ntseeg. Mus ntsib Mstislav thiab nws tus tub Vsevolod thiab lawv tsev neeg, cov choirs dav tau npaj ntawm no. Ntawm no, raws li kev cai Slavic, kuj muaj "chambers".

Lub tsev teev ntuj no muaj peb-nave thiab rau-tus ncej tsev teev ntuj muaj peb lub thaj apses. Nyob rau hauv tib qhov chaw, ob lub tsev teev ntuj tau ua nyob rau hauv lub choirs: nyob rau hauv Honor ntawm lub Annunciation ntawm tus ntshiab tshaj plaws ib tug thiab ob tug dawb huv martyrs Gleb thiab Boris. Hmoov tsis zoo, cov duab kos duab thaum ub, uas St. George's Cathedral tau nto moo rau hauv Nruab Nrab Hnub nyoog, yuav luag ploj mus rau niaj hnub no. Tsuas yog me me ntawm cov khoom dai kom zoo nkauj ntawm qhov rais slopes ntawm sab qaum teb sab hnub poob tau muaj sia nyob.

Lub luag haujlwm ntawm lub tuam tsev

Cov xwm txheej uas Yuriev Monastery hauv Novgorod diocese muaj qhov tshwj xeeb. Founded los ntawm cov thawj coj Lavxias teb sab princes, rau ob peb centuries nws tau revered li thawj nyob rau hauv qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub zos ntawm sab ntsuj plig chaw. Muaj ib zaug nws txawm hu ua Yuryevskaya Lavra.

Txij li thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua kaum ob, St. George's Cathedral tau ua qhov chaw so zaum kawg tsis yog rau cov thawj coj ntawm Lavxias, tab sis kuj rau cov monastery thiab Novgorod posadniks.

Hauv 1198, ob tug tub ntawm Tub Vaj Ntxwv Yaroslav raug faus ntawm no - Rostislav thiab Izyaslav, uas yog tus vajtswv ntawm St. Varlaam. Lub Rau Hli 1233, cov seem ntawm Theodore Yaroslavich tau coj tuaj ntawm no -tij laug Alexander Nevsky. Kaum ib xyoos tom qab, nyob rau lub Tsib Hlis 1224, lawv niam, Ntxhais fuabtais Feodosia Mstislavna, kuj tuag. Ob peb xyoos ua ntej nws tuag, nws txais monasticism, yog li ntawd nyob rau hauv St. George lub Monastery nws hu ua Euphrosyne. Tus ntxhais huabtais raug faus ze ntawm phab ntsa sab qab teb, ntawm nws tus tub hlob.

Ua ntej kiv puag ncig

Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th, St. George's Monastery raug kev txom nyem hnyav ntawm tes ntawm Swedish invaders uas nyob Veliky Novgorod. St. George's Cathedral raug nyiag lawm. Tab sis nyob rau hauv cov xyoo txaus ntshai ntawm kev poob cev qhev, raws li cov chroniclers ua tim khawv, los ntawm kev muab Vajtswv ib tug tseem ceeb tshwm sim tau ua tiav tsis tau tsuas yog rau Novgorod, tab sis rau tag nrho cov ntawm Russia. Nws yog qhov nrhiav tau ntawm relics ntawm koob hmoov dawb huv Prince Theodore Yaroslavich. Qhov kev tshwm sim zoo kawg no yuav tsum tau qhia rau cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws uas tuaj ntawm no mus ncig ua si.

Thaum, xyoo 1614, cov tub rog Swedish, txeeb los ntawm kev npau taws tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm kev khwv nyiaj, pib khawb qhov ntxa, lawv cia siab tias yuav nrhiav tau cov khoom muaj nqis lossis tsawg kawg qee yam khoom muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm lub zog ntawm cov thawj coj hauv zos. Lawv qhib yuav luag txhua qhov faus hauv St. George's Cathedral. Nyob rau hauv ib tug ntawm lawv, cov tub rog pom lub incorruptible seem ntawm tub huabtais Fyodor. Lawv rub nws tawm ntawm lub ntxa thiab muab lub cev tuag rau ntawm phab ntsa. Nws yog qhov zoo kawg uas lub cev, tsis raug rhuav tshem los ntawm lub sijhawm, tseem sawv zoo li tus neeg muaj sia nyob.

Thaum, nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua puv 19, Anna, tib tug ntxhais ntawm Count Alexei Orlov-Chesmensky, uas tau txais nws txiv lub txiaj ntsim loj tom qab nws tuag, poob kev txaus siab rau lub neej thiab pib siv zog rau lub neej ntawm sab ntsuj plig, nws tau qhia feem ntau. ntawm nws cov nyiajrestoration ntawm St. George lub Cathedral. Lub archimandrite ntawm Yuriev Monastery thaum lub sij hawm ntawd yog Photius, uas tom qab ntawd los ua nws txiv ntawm sab ntsuj plig. Lub sijhawm no tau dhau los ua "kub" rau Novgorod monastery.

Tsis yog St. George's Cathedral xwb, tab sis kuj muaj lwm lub tsev raug txum tim rov qab los, peb lub tsev tau tsim. Tom qab me ntsis, lub tswb pej thuam tau tsa.

After the revolution

Lub sijhawm no, uas cov neeg sau keeb kwm hu ua txoj kev hla ntawm lub Koom Txoos, St. George's Cathedral ntawm St. George's Monastery kuj qhia txog txoj hmoo ntawm tag nrho lwm lub tsev teev ntuj Lavxias. Nyob rau hauv 1922, thaum txeeb ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj cov khoom tseem ceeb pib coj tus cwj pwm ntawm tag nrho looting, tsis tau tsuas yog lub chasubles thiab liturgical hlab ntsha coj los ntawm lub icons tau melted, tab sis kuj cov nyiaj thaj neeb ntawm St. Feoktista.

Thiab tsuas yog ib feem me me ntawm cov khoom muaj nqis raug xa mus rau cov khoom khaws cia hauv Lavxias. Thaum lub tsev teev ntuj raug kaw thaum xyoo 1929, nws cov kwv tij uas tseem muaj sia nyob tau tawg mus. Qhov kev puas tsuaj tau kav mus txog rau xyoo 1935, thaum lub sijhawm kev txhim kho vaj tse, vim tsis paub tias yog vim li cas, nws lub cim xya-tiered iconostasis raug rhuav tshem.

Thiab thaum lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1991 St. George's Cathedral ntawm St. George's Monastery uas yog ib feem ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj raug xa rov qab mus rau Novgorod diocese, nws yog ib daim duab tsis txaus ntseeg heev. Lub tuam tsev uas ploj lawm, uas tsis muaj ib lub cim tseem nyob, tsim teeb meem loj rau cov tub ceev xwm: yuav ua li cas khaws thiab tuav lub tsev teev ntuj qub.

Cathedral hnub no

BNyob rau hauv 1995, lub monastic monastery nyob rau hauv Yuryev twb renewed. Los ntawm kev siv zog ntawm Archimandrite ntawm Georgievsky Monastery, Archbishop ntawm Staraya Russa thiab Novgorod, nrog rau ib tug me me ntawm cov kwv tij uas tuaj ntawm no los nyob thiab ua hauj lwm, lub monastery pib revive. Cov kev pab cuam saum ntuj los pib ua, cov tuam tsev raug txum tim rov qab los, cov cim tau pleev xim rau thiab cov tsev neeg raug teeb tsa.