Sights ntawm Moscow Kremlin. Keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim kho, txheej txheem, piav qhia

2024 Tus sau: Harold Hamphrey | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:14

Nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm no peb yuav saib lub ntsiab sights ntawm Moscow Kremlin. Nws yog nyob rau ntawm Borovitsky Hill, nce 25 meters saum toj no thaj chaw uas nyob ib sab ntawm lub confluence ntawm lub Moscow River nrog lub Neglinnaya River. Borovitsky toj nyob rau hauv lub qub hnub twb them nrog forests, ua tsaug rau nws tau txais nws lub npe. Lub Moscow Kremlin tseem tuaj yeem suav hais tias yog tus tsim ntawm lub peev tam sim no ntawm Russia. Tom qab tag nrho, thawj lub tsev nyob rau hauv Moscow yog nyob rau hauv nws cov chaw. Qhov pom ntawm Kremlin thiab Red Square tau tsim nyob rau lub sijhawm sib txawv. Yog li ntawd, cia peb pib zaj dab neeg txog lawv txij thaum pib, nyob rau hauv raws sij hawm.

Peb caw koj kom paub txog keeb kwm ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov chaw tseem ceeb rau peb lub tebchaws xws li Kremlin (Moscow). Cov kws tshawb fawb hnub thawj cov cim ntawm tib neeg nyob ntawm Borovitsky Hill mus txog rau thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua thib 2 BC. e. Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua XII, ib qho kev daws teeb meem tshwm sim ntawm no dua, uas tau los ua poj koob yawm txwv ntawm niaj hnubMoscow. Vyatichi nyob ib cheeb tsam loj raws Borovitsky Hill. Ntawd yog, ob lub zos tau tshwm sim ntawm no, tiv thaiv los ntawm lub nplhaib fortifications.

Lub sijhawm ntawm Ancient Russia

Lub xeev qub Lavxias teb sab pib muaj cov thawj coj sib cais. Qhov loj tshaj plaws thiab muaj kev cuam tshuam yog Rostov-Suzdal. Txij li thaum lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 12th, lub nroog ntawm Vladimir yog nws lub peev. Moscow ciam teb tus thawj tswj hwm no los ntawm sab hnub poob.

Hauv 1147, raws li Ipatiev Chronicle hais tias, Yuri Dolgoruky, Tub Vaj Ntxwv ntawm Suzdal, tau caw nws tus phooj ywg Svyatoslav, Novgorod-Seversky Prince, mus rau Moscow. Qhov kev tshwm sim no yog thawj zaug ntawm Lavxias teb sab peev hauv cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj, thiab hnub no suav tias yog qhov pib ntawm kev tsim lub nroog.

Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua XIII, Moscow, zoo li lwm lub nroog Lavxias, raug kev txom nyem los ntawm kev tawm tsam ntawm Batu. Txawm li cas los xij, tom qab ib ntus lub nroog pib rov zoo. Nyob rau hauv Moscow lub sij hawm no, thawj dynasty ntawm princes tshwm sim, nrhiav tau los ntawm Daniel, tus tub yau ntawm Alexander Nevsky. Cov Tatar-Mongols ua tsis tau tejyam kom puas lub xeev Lavxias teb sab. Lavxias teb sab princes txuas ntxiv mus kav lub teb chaws, tau txais cov ntawv (labels) los ntawm lub Horde rau qhov no. Nyob rau hauv 1319, Daniel tus tub hlob, Yuri Danilovich, kuj tau txais xws li ib daim ntawv lo rau kav nyob rau hauv Novgorod. Thiab Moscow raug xa mus rau nws nyob rau hauv kev tswj ntawm nws tus kwv.

Ivan Kalita, uas nws cov duab tau nthuav tawm hauv qab no, tsis txav mus, raws li nws cov thawj coj ib txwm ua, rau Vladimir. Nws txiav txim siab nyob hauv Moscow. Qhov kev tshwm sim no tau ua lub luag haujlwm loj hauv txoj hmoo ntawm Kremlin thiab tag nrho lub nroog. Metropolitan Peter, tom qab Ivan, kuj tsiv mus rau Moscow.

Kremlin dhau los ua qhov chaw nyob ntawm Lavxias tus huab tais

Lub Kremlin txij li ntawd tau tso tseg tsis yog ib qho kev tiv thaiv xwb. Cov lus piav qhia ntawm Moscow Kremlin tsis haum rau hauv lub moj khaum no. Nws hloov mus rau qhov chaw nyob ntawm Metropolitan thiab Grand Duke. Ib thaj tsam ntawm lub Kremlin yav tas los tau tsim tsuas yog nrog cov qauv ntoo. Txij thaum ntawd los, cov tuam tsev pob zeb dawb tau ua rau ntawm no. Yog li, ntawm Borovitsky Hill, ntawm nws qhov siab tshaj plaws, Assumption Cathedral tau tsim, uas tau los ua lub tuam tsev tseem ceeb ntawm Moscow tus thawj tswj hwm. Lub Koom Txoos ntawm Yauhas ntawm Ladder tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv 1329, lub Cathedral ntawm Archangel Michael - nyob rau hauv 1333. Cov thawj lub tsev pob zeb no txiav txim siab ntxiv architectural tswvyim ntawm lub Moscow Kremlin, uas tau muaj sia nyob rau niaj hnub no. Lub peev nyob rau hauv Ivan Kalita loj hlob ntau. Lub Kremlin dhau los ua ib qho chaw nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub nroog.

Nws yuav tsum tau hais tias lub npe "Kremlin" tau tshwm sim thawj zaug hauv Phau Ntawv Maumoos Sawv Rov Los, hnub tim 1331. Nws txhais tau hais tias lub fortified central ib feem ntawm lub nroog.

Ivan Kalita sau ib tsab ntawv ntawm sab ntsuj plig ua ntej nws tuag. Nyob rau hauv nws, nws bequeathed lub cim ntawm lub hwj chim ntawm Russia (princely khaub ncaws, precious tais diav, golden siv thiab chains), raws li zoo raws li tag nrho cov Moscow thaj av rau nws cov tub.

Kremlin dawb pob zeb

Hauv xyoo 1365, cov tsev ntoo ntawm Kremlin tau raug hluav taws kub hnyiab ib zaug ntxiv. Tom qab ntawd Dmitry Donskoy, ib tug hluas Moscow tub huabtais, txiav txim siab los tsim cov pob zeb fortifications ntawm Borovitsky Hill. Thaum lub caij ntuj no ntawm 1367, limestone raug coj mus rau lub peev los ntawm lub zos ntawm Myachkovo, nyob 30 mais ntawm lub nroog. Kev tsim kho pib thaum lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav. Yog li ntawd, lub fortress dawb-pob zeb tshwm nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm Moscow, uas tau los ua thawj nyob rau hauv North-Eastern Russia. Thaj chaw ntawm lub Kremlin nyob rau tib lub sij hawm tau nce vim lub roob, nrog rau nws hem. Thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 15th, nws cov architecture tau txais cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov niaj hnub Lavxias teb sab peev, thiab Moscow tau pib pom tias yog tus successor ntawm Vladimir thiab Kyiv.

Constantinople, lub nroog loj ntawm Byzantium, raug ntes hauv 1453 los ntawm Turks. Yog li ntawd, Moscow pib ua si lub luag hauj lwm ntawm lub Orthodox capital. Yuav kom coj lub nroog nyob rau hauv txoj kab nrog cov xwm txheej no, Ivan III tau hu cov neeg ua haujlwm Lavxias thiab cov kws kos duab Italian mus rau lub peev los tsim kho lub Kremlin.

Kev tsim ntawm Kremlin Ensemble

Raws li kev coj noj coj ua ntawm Aristotle Fioravanti, tus kws kos duab Italian, lub tsev teev ntuj tshiab Assumption, lub tuam tsev loj hauv tebchaws Russia, tau tsim los ntawm 1475 thiab 1479. Nyob rau lwm qhov kawg ntawm lub xwmfab, tawm tsam lub tsev teev ntuj, lwm tus Italian, Aleviz Novy, ua lub tuam tsev-qhov ntxa - Cathedral ntawm Archangel Michael. Lub palace ntawm tus huab tais Moscow tau tsim nyob rau sab hnub poob ntawm Kremlin. Nws suav nrog Middle Golden, Embankment thiab Big Faceted Chambers.

Lub Cathedral ntawm Annunciation tau tsim ua me ntsis tom qab, nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawm 1485 txog 1489. Nyob ze nws tau tsim lub Koom Txoos ntawm Deposition ntawm lub Robe. Hauv qhov chaw uas tau txwv los ntawm Annunciation thiab Archangel Cathedrals, lub Xeev Palace nyob. Nws yog lub txhab nyiaj tseem ceeb ntawm tus tub huabtais.

Kev tsim ntawm Cathedral Square pawg tau ua tiav nrog kev tsim kho ntawm Ivan lub Great Tswb Ntauwd. Nws tau ua tiav hauv 1505-1508. Tswb pej thuam ringingIvan lub Great tau pib ua raws li cov neeg nyob hauv lub nroog.

Txhua lub tsev teev ntuj tshiab tau ua ib txwm ua rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lawv cov thawj coj, uas nyob ntawm no thaum lub sijhawm Dmitry Donskoy thiab Ivan Kalita. Lub sights ntawm Moscow Kremlin tsim nyob rau hauv lawv qhov chaw dheev tib lub npe. Txhua qhov ntxa thiab relics ntawm cov tuam tsev qub tau ua tib zoo xa mus rau lawv. Lub tsev teev ntuj uas muaj koob meej tshaj plaws nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd, lub cim ntawm Peb Tus Poj Niam ntawm Vladimir, tau thauj los ntawm Vladimir mus rau Assumption Cathedral.

Kremlin yees

Kev tsim kho ntawm cov pej thuam tshiab thiab phab ntsa yog qhov ua tiav hauv kev tsim ntawm Kremlin pawg. Lawv restructuring thiab hloov tshiab tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ob peb theem. Lub Taynitskaya Ntauwd yog thawj tus tsim. Nws muaj ib tug underground passage mus rau lub Moscow River. Tus kws kes duab vajtse ua tiav qhov project no yog Anton Fryazin, tus neeg Italian. Lwm ntawm nws compatriots, Marco Fryazin, tsim lub Beklemishevskaya pej thuam, tam sim no hu ua Moskvoretskaya. Tom qab ntawd lawv tsim Sviblova, uas kuj muaj ib qho kev tawm mus rau tus dej Moscow. Lub tshuab tshwj xeeb rau nqa dej tau teeb tsa hauv Sviblova ntauwd hauv xyoo 1633 thiab hloov npe nws Vodovzvodnaya.

Xyoo 1488 lub Annunciation Tower tau tsim. Tom qab ntawd lwm qhov pom ntawm Moscow Kremlin tau tsim tsa. Cov no yog ob lub tsev tsis muaj npe, nrog rau Borovitskaya, Petrovskaya, Nabatnaya thiab Konstantin-Eleninskaya. Spasskaya Ntauwd tau tsim kom muaj zog rau sab hnub tuaj ntawm Kremlin. Tam sim no nws yog nws daim npav hu. Lub Spasskaya Ntauwd tau txais nws lub npe nyob rau hauv kev hwm ntawm ob lub cim: Tus Cawm Seej Tsis Ua Los Ntawm Tes thiab Tus Cawm Seej ntawm Smolensk.

YNikolskaya yogua rau tib lub sijhawm. Nruab nrab ntawm nws thiab Spasskaya, lwm tus loj hlob, uas tom qab ntawd los ua lub npe hu ua Senate. Nruab nrab thiab kaum Arsenal Ntauwd tau tshwm sim los ntawm qhov kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 15th. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, Troitskaya, lub siab tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub Kremlin, sawv. Txhawm rau kom muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm txoj kev mus rau nws, tus pej thuam Kutafya tau tsim. Rau tib lub hom phiaj, Armory thiab Komendantskaya tau ua raws tus dej Neglinnaya. Xyoo 1680, tus pej thuam kawg hauv Kremlin tau tshwm sim - Tsarskaya turret.

Kev kav ntawm Ivan qhov txaus ntshai hauv keeb kwm ntawm Kremlin

Hauv xyoo 1547, Ivan the Terrible, Grand Duke ntawm Moscow, tau tshaj tawm thawj tus thawj coj hauv tebchaws Russia hauv Assumption Cathedral. Lub taub hau ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj Lavxias teb sab, Metropolitan Macarius, officially tshaj tawm nws tsar, tso lub cap ntawm Monomakh rau lub taub hau ntawm Ivan lub txaus ntshai. Txhawm rau muab lub nceeg vaj Moscow muaj cai ntau dua, nws tau txiav txim siab los ua kom muaj ntau yam ascetics thiab keeb kwm cov duab, thiab lub tswv yim tau tshwm sim los kho cov phab ntsa ntawm Kremlin cathedrals nrog monumental paintings.

Kev sib tw tub rog, raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm Astrakhan thiab Kazan khanates tau kov yeej, txhawb txoj cai ntawm Lavxias lub xeev. Nyob rau hauv kev hwm ntawm cov xwm txheej no, nws tau txiav txim siab los tsim lub Cathedral ntawm Intercession ntawm Niam ntawm Vajtswv, tseem hu ua St. Basil's Cathedral hnub no. Nws tau tsim nyob rau lub sijhawm txij li xyoo 1555 txog 1562 sab nraum Kremlin, uas tau hais txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub tsev no. Nws nyob ntawm no, tsis deb ntawm Spassky Gates, uas yog ib qho chaw tshiab ntawm Moscow pej xeem lub neej, Red Square, maj mam hloov mus.

Lub sijhawm Livonian Tsov Rog, Polotsk, lub nroog Lavxias qub tau rov qab los. Nyob rau hauv Honor ntawmntawm qhov xwm txheej no, Ivan the Terrible tau hais kom rov tsim kho lub Koom Txoos ntawm Kev Tshaj Tawm, uas tau ua nws lub tsev teev ntuj. 4 lub tsev teev ntuj me me (chapels) tau tsim tsa hla lub qhov rooj ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj no xyoo 1563-1566.

Kev kav vaj ntxwv, ntxiv rau, tau cim los ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev txiav txim hauv Kremlin. Qhov ntawd yog lub npe ntawm cov thawj coj. Lawv lub tsev nyob rau ntawm Ivanovskaya Square nyob rau hauv lub Kremlin, uas nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm tau hloov mus rau hauv lub chaw tswj hwm thiab kev lag luam chaw ntawm lub peev. Ambassadorial kev txiav txim tau suav hais tias yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm lawv. Nws lub chaw haujlwm suav nrog cov teeb meem ntawm lub xeev txoj cai txawv teb chaws, nrog rau kev tswj hwm kev ua raws cai ntawm Embassy ceremonies.

18th caug xyoo kev hloov pauv ntawm Kremlin

Thawj daim ntawv qhia ntxaws ntxaws ntawm Kremlin, khaws cia rau lub sijhawm tam sim no, hnub rov qab mus rau 1663. Los ntawm nws koj tuaj yeem xav txog qhov chaw no saib li cas.

Lub Kremlin (Moscow) thaum tig ntawm 17th-18th centuries tau ntsib lub sijhawm ntawm nws txoj kev vam meej tshaj plaws. Lub peev ntawm lub xeev tau pauv los ntawm txoj cai ntawm Peter lub Great los ntawm Moscow rau St. Petersburg nyob rau hauv 1712. Txawm li cas los xij, Assumption Cathedral txuas ntxiv ua lub tuam tsev tseem ceeb hauv Russia. Nws nyob ntawm no tias lub xeev lub hwj chim tau fij tseg. Tab sis cov xwm txheej tshiab hais txog txoj kev sib txawv ntawm lub neej, yog li thaj chaw ntawm Borovitsky Hill pib rov tsim dua. Tshiab attractions ntawm Moscow Kremlin tau tshwm sim, tshwj xeeb yog palaces uas tau hloov monasteries thiab ancient boyar chambers.

Yog li, cov chav tsev ntawm Tsar Lub Tsev Hais Plaub tau tsim nyob rau xyoo pua 15th raug rhuav tshem. Lawv tau hloov los ntawm lub pob zeb Lub caij ntuj no Palace, ua nyob rau hauv Baroque style los ntawm tus kws kes duab vajtse Rastrelli. Lub Tsar Tswb kuj raug pov los ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm Anna Ioannovna. Nws tau siv ob xyoos -1733 txog 1735. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsis yog lub hom phiaj los ua nws lub hom phiaj. Nyob rau hauv 1737, thaum lub sij hawm lub Trinity hluav taws uas engulfed lub Kremlin, dej poob rau ntawm lub tswb thaum tua cov ntoo. Vim qhov kub sib txawv, ib qho tseem ceeb tawg tawm ntawm nws. Lub tswb tseem nyob hauv lub qhov taub tau txog li ib puas xyoo, tab sis xyoo 1836 nws tau muab tso rau ntawm lub pedestal, qhov twg nws tseem nyob rau niaj hnub no.

Thaum tsim cov lus piav qhia ntawm Moscow Kremlin, nws yuav tsum tau hais tias nws txoj kev loj hlob tsis yog ib txwm tsim nyog thiab tsim nyog. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv qhov chaw uas lub Treasury nyob, nyob rau hauv 1756-1764 lub gallery ntawm lub Armory tau tsim, lub treasures ntawm lub treasury yuav tsum tau muab tso rau ntawd. Ob peb xyoos tom qab ntawd, nws tau txiav txim siab rov tsim kho lub Kremlin, thiab Armory raug rhuav tshem nrog rau lwm lub tsev qub. Vim li no, sab qab teb sab hnub tuaj ntawm Borovitsky Hill tau nthuav tawm thiab tsis tau txhim kho ntxiv lawm.

M. F. Kazakov tau ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev hloov pauv cov tsos ntawm Kremlin. Tus npis sov lub tsev tau ua nyob rau hauv nws cov thawj coj. Thiab nyob rau hauv 1776-1787 lub Senate tau tsa. Lub tsev haum rau qhov chaw ntawm Nikolskaya Street thiab Chudov Monastery. Nws ua tiav Senate Square ensemble.

Alexander I xyoo 1806 tau tshaj tawm tsab cai lij choj raws li nws tau txiav txim siab txhim kho lub tsev cia puav pheej ntawm qhov chaw ntawm Trinity Compound thiab Tsareboris Tsev Hais Plaub kom khaws tag nrho cov khoom muaj nqis. Egozov tsim qhov project ntawm lub tsev no. Kev tsim kho ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej tau ua los ntawm 1806 txog 1810. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov no, lub tsev tshiab tau tshwm sim hauv Kremlin, nrog rau lub xwmfab me me ntawm Arsenal thiab Trinity Ntauwd,hu ua Trinity.

Lub Kremlin tom qab Tsov Rog Tsov Rog Xyoo 1812

Cov phiaj xwm rau kev rov tsim kho dua tshiab ntawm Kremlin raug ua txhaum los ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Patriotic. Thaum Napoleon cov tub rog invaded Moscow, lub nroog tau engulfed nyob rau hauv hluav taws. Ntau yam khoom muaj nqis raug nyiag. Lawv tawg Petrovsky, 1st Bezymyannaya, Vodovzvodnaya yees, xyaum tsis muaj dab tsi tshuav ntawm Nikolskaya ib yam.

Kev tsim ntawm Moscow Kremlin, nrog rau kev kho dua tshiab ntawm nws pawg, tau txuas ntxiv tom qab yeej. Nws yog ua los ntawm Lavxias teb sab architects. Cov phab ntsa tawg ntawm lub Kremlin thiab nws cov yees tau rov ua dua. Nyob rau hauv 1838-1851, raws li kev txiav txim ntawm Nicholas I, lub palace complex tau tsim nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub caij ntuj no Palace. Nws suav nrog Moscow Armory, Grand Kremlin Palace thiab Chav Tsev. Kev tsim kho tau coj los ntawm K. A. Ton. Lub Palace Square Ensemble adorned lub complex ntawm cov tsev tshiab.

Cathedral Square tau tseem qhib txij li kev rhuav tshem ntawm kev txiav txim. Kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm cov tub rog tau muaj nyob ntawm no hauv xyoo pua 19th. Nws pib hu ua Dragoon parade av. Ib tug monument rau Alexander II tau tsa nyob rau hauv qhov chaw no nyob rau hauv 1989.

Kremlin nyob rau hauv Soviet lub sij hawm

Peb caw koj los paub koj tus kheej nrog txoj kev npaj ntawm Moscow Kremlin, hnub tim 1917.

Lub Peb Hlis 1918, tsoomfwv ntawm RSFSR tau nyob hauv Kremlin. Nyob rau hauv lub tsev ntawm Senate, muaj chaw ua hauj lwm-chav tsev, thawj ntawm Lenin, thiab ces ntawm Stalin. Cov chav tsev ntawm Kremlin tau raug kaw rau pej xeem.

Lub sijhawm no, kev puas tsuaj tsis tuaj yeem ua rau cov tuam tsev thiab cov tuam tsev thoob plaws tebchaws. Lub Kremlin pawg tsis tau dim txoj hmoo no. Plan ntawm Moscow Kremlinhloov me ntsis. Xyoo 1929, Ascension thiab Chudov monasteries raug rhuav tshem. Lub Tsev Kawm Tub Rog tau loj hlob ntawm lawv qhov chaw.

Thaum Tsov Rog Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib Ob, lub tuam tsev tsim vaj tsev yuav luag tsis raug puas tsuaj. Nws tau qhib rau kev tshuaj xyuas twb nyob rau hauv 1955. Xyoo 1961, lub Palace ntawm Congresses tau tsim nyob ze ntawm Lub Rooj Sib Tham Trinity.

Kremlin pawg hnub no

Hnub no, ntau tus neeg tuaj ncig thoob plaws ntiaj teb tuaj saib qhov pom ntawm Kremlin thiab Red Square. Cov chaw no tseem tsis tau poob lawv txoj kev zoo rau hnub no.

Hauv xyoo 1990, Kremlin tau ntxiv rau hauv UNESCO World Heritage List. Cov tsev khaws puav pheej nyob ntawm no tsim lub Moscow Kremlin Reserve, uas suav nrog Armory, Annunciation, Assumption thiab Archangel Cathedrals, Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Kev Ua Yeeb Yam thiab Lub Neej ntawm Russia ntawm xyoo pua 17th, Lub Tsev Teev Ntuj ntawm Deposition ntawm Robe thiab lub koom txoos ntawm Ivan lub Great Tswb Tower. Txij li thaum xyoo 1991, Kremlin tau dhau los ua qhov chaw nyob ntawm tus thawj tswj hwm Lavxias.

Rau 850th hnub tseem ceeb ntawm lub peev, uas Moscow ua kev zoo siab rau xyoo 1997, Kremlin tau rov qab los dua. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov haujlwm no, Red Porch ntawm Faceted Chamber tau rov qab los, lub tsev Senate tau rov qab los, thiab lwm yam haujlwm kuj tau ua. Niaj hnub no, cov kev pabcuam los saum ntuj tau muaj nyob rau hauv Kremlin cathedrals thaum lub caij so Orthodox zoo. Kuj tseem muaj kev mus ncig ua si ncig thaj chaw ntawm tag nrho pawg.

Txoj kev npaj ntawm Moscow Kremlin suav nrog ntau lub tsev sib txawv. Nws cheeb tsam niaj hnub no yog 27.5 hectares, thiab qhov ntev ntawm cov phab ntsa yog 2235 m. Muaj 20 tus yees, qhov siab ntawm qhov siab.mus txog 80 meters. Cov phab ntsa ntawm lub Kremlin yog 3.5 txog 6.5 meters tuab, lawv yog 5 mus rau 15 meters siab.

Hnub no, ib qho kev tshwm sim nthuav tau tshwm sim hauv qhov chaw no - kev teeb tsa cov neeg saib xyuas hauv Kremlin. Nws muaj nyob rau ntawm Cathedral Square txhua hnub Saturday thaum 12 tav su. Lub sijhawm koj tuaj yeem saib cov neeg saib xyuas hauv Kremlin yog txij lub Plaub Hlis txog Lub Kaum Hli. Nws yooj yim heev rau cov neeg ncig tebchaws.

Lub Kremlin thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th tau nce ntau pom tias yog ib qho chaw tsim vaj tsev, keeb kwm thiab kab lis kev cai. Cov khoom muaj nqis los ntawm Patriarchal sacristy thiab Armory feem ntau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ntau yam thoob ntiaj teb thiab tag nrho cov-Lavxias exhibitions. Lub tom kawg twb yog ib lub tsev cia puav pheej palace nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua puv 19. Txawm li cas los xij, nws keeb kwm pib ntau dhau los. Rov qab rau xyoo 1547, thawj qhov hais txog Armory Order tau tsim nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd rov qab mus rau 1547. Thaum lub sij hawm ntawd, ib tug tub rog arsenal tau khaws cia ntawm no. Tom qab qee lub sijhawm, Armory pib hu ua lub txhab nyiaj loj, thiab lub npe paub peb tau tshwm sim nyob rau xyoo 1560. Lub tsev khaws puav pheej niaj hnub no muaj cov khoom pov thawj keeb kwm tshwj xeeb, suav nrog Cap ntawm Monomakh, nrog rau cov ntaub qub qub, cov zwm txwv ntawm Lavxias teb sab huab tais, riam phom thiab ntau ntxiv.

Keeb kwm ntawm Kremlin txuas ntxiv mus, ib yam li keeb kwm ntawm peb lub xeev, uas nws yog lub cim. Thiab lub xyoo pua 21st tseem yuav sau nws nplooj ntawv hauv nws.