Paphos Archaeological Park: piav qhia. Archaeological open-air tsev cia puav pheej

2024 Tus sau: Harold Hamphrey | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:14

Tsis muaj leej twg tuaj yeem hais tias muaj pes tsawg tus zais zais hauv qab av thiab xuab zeb, tshwm sim los ntawm ntau pua xyoo. Feem ntau kev tshawb nrhiav thiab kev tshawb pom yog ua los ntawm kev sib tsoo. Qhov no yog li cas ib tug neeg ua teb nyob rau hauv Cyprus dawm rau ntawm ib lub vaj huam sib luag ua los ntawm mosaics thaum nws tab tom plowing av. Nws tshwm sim xyoo 1962 nyob ze ntawm qhov chaw nres nkoj ntawm Paphos. Ua tsaug rau qhov kev tshawb pom no thiab kev khawb tom ntej, Archaeological Park ntawm Paphos tau tshwm sim hauv Cyprus.

Dab tsi yog qhov kev khawb av qhia txog

Nws tsis yog qhov xav tsis thoob tias qhov kev khawb av uas tau pib ntawm qhov chaw ntawm qhov pom mosaic, maj mam, txheej los ntawm txheej, nrhiav pom tshiab, nthuav cov kab ntawm kev vam meej uas ib zaug nyob hauv cov kob no. Keeb kwm ntawm Cyprus yog heev nthuav. Thaum nws tau los ntawm Greeks thiab Loos. Tom qab ntawd keeb kwm hais txog kev koom nrog ntawm Paphos mus rau Byzantine, thiab tom qab ntawd lub teb chaws Ottoman. Lub UK kuj muaj cov kob. Excavations txuas ntxiv mus txog niaj hnub no. Thaum lub sij hawm tsim kho cov khoom, ib co artifacts los ntawm ancient lub tsev yog paub tseeb tias yuav pom.

Pom cov mosaic thaum ub tau nyiam ntau tus kws tshawb fawb thiabarchaeologists. Rau 20 xyoo, archaeological ntoj ke mus kawm los ntawm txawv teb chaws tau sau me ntsis los ntawm me ntsis ib tug tshwj xeeb txheej, ua, raws li nws muab tawm, nyob rau hauv lub richest villas ntawm lub 2nd - 3rd centuries AD. Nws yog qhov zoo uas cov mosaic tsis tau poob nws cov xim. Ntxiv nrog rau cov mosaics thiab cov tsev qub, cov tuam tsev, phab ntsa hauv nroog, tus choj, basilicas, txoj kev pob zeb tau hais tias "dua" tawm ntawm av.

Archaeological Park

Txhua yam pom thaum lub sijhawm khawb av yog ib qho chaw loj, uas yog hu ua Paphos Archaeological Park. Txij li thaum xyoo 1980, lub tiaj ua si tau ua cov cuab yeej cuab tam ntiaj teb thiab nyob rau hauv kev tiv thaiv ntawm UNESCO. Muaj nuj nqis mosaics pom thawj zaug yog nyob rau hauv lub npe villas ntawm Dionysus, Aeon, Theseus thiab Orpheus. Cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws tuaj yeem tuaj xyuas lawv.

Cov npe ntawm lub tsev yog muab los ntawm cov phab ej ntawm Greek mythology tau piav qhia ntawm thaj chaw mosaic, tau kawg, tsis muaj leej twg paub cov npe ntawm cov tswv tiag tiag ntawm lub villas. Ntawm kev txaus siab yog lub amphitheatre, zoo khaws cia nyob rau hauv cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg ntawm cov av thiab lub ruins ntawm lub Forty Columns tsev fuabtais, uas ua hauj lwm raws li ib tug fortress. Lub rooj sab laj, lub tuam tsev ntawm tus vajtswv kho Asclepius thiab lub basilica yog qhib rau pej xeem.

Park tours

Cov keeb kwm complex yog qhib rau cov neeg tuaj ncig xyuas txhua xyoo. Tus nqi nkag yog hais txog 4-5 euros. Cov chaw tseem tab tom khawb av raug kaw rau pej xeem. Muaj cov neeg uas nyiam taug kev ncig lub tiaj ua si yam tsis muaj ib pab pawg, zaum ntawm cov kauj ruam ntawm lub amphitheatre, xav txog qhov tshwm sim ntawm no ntau txhiab xyoo dhau los. Yog, thiab ntau lub sij hawm mus saib cov relics, thaij duab. Feem ntau nws yuav siv sij hawm tsawg kawg yog plaub teev mus xyuas lub tiaj ua si.teev.

Rau cov pab pawg neeg ncig tebchaws, kev ncig ua si yog ua nrog cov lus qhia uas, coj cov pab pawg los ntawm txoj kev ntawm lub tsev khaws khoom qub qub qub, qhia txog keeb kwm tseeb thiab dab neeg dab neeg cuam tshuam nrog ib lossis lwm yam khoom qub ntawm lub tiaj ua si. Kev ncig xyuas pib los ntawm cov ruins ntawm plaub villas, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv Paphos Archaeological Park, thiab hnub rov qab mus rau ib ncig ntawm 3rd - 5th centuries AD. e. Cov mosaics pom thaum lub sijhawm khawb ntawm cov villas no, sib sau ua ke los ntawm cov khoom me me, khaws cia cov duab ntawm cov vajtswv thiab tus phab ej ntawm tim Nkij teb chaws thiab Ancient Rome.

Villa of Dionysus

Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev khawb, ib daim duab ntawm lub tsev nrog cov phab ntsa puas, tab sis nrog cov mosaic flooring zoo, tau tshwm sim rau cov kws tshawb fawb keeb kwm. Nws tau xav tias lub villa ntawm Dionysus, nyob rau hauv lub tsev khaws puav pheej archaeological, nyob thaj tsam ntawm 500 square meters. meters thiab muaj plaub caug chav. Tom qab ntawd, nws tau pom tias lub villa no tau tsim los ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm lub tsev qub qub, uas kuj muaj cov mosaic hauv pem teb. Lub tsev nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 2nd AD. e. Hmoov tsis zoo, Villa ntawm Dionysus thiab lwm cov qauv hauv Paphos raug puas tsuaj los ntawm av qeeg nyob rau xyoo pua 4.

Mosaic Floor Technology

Koj yuav tsum xyuam xim rau cov mosaics tsim los ntawm lub pob zeb yooj yim nrog cov qauv geometric yooj yim hauv peb xim: dub, xim av, dawb. Tom qab ntawd cov mosaics tau dhau los ua qhov nyuaj. Kev siv tshuab ua mosaic hauv pem teb tau hloov pauv. Lawv tau nteg tawm raws li ib tug tshwj xeeb technology ntawm pob zeb nrog txiv qaub. Ntawm no "lub hauv ncoo" tau muab tso rau cov qauv thiab paintings los ntawm qhov tsawg tshaj plawspebbles, tshwj xeeb iav thiab marble chips, uas tau coj mus rau Cyprus. Nws yog ib yam khoom kim heev. Tsuas yog cov neeg nplua nuj heev tuaj yeem them tau cov khoom kim heev ntawm cov mosaic hauv pem teb.

Tam sim ntawd ntawm qhov nkag mus rau lub tsev, hauv pem teb tau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog ib qho ntawm cov mosaic qub ntawm Cyprus. Nws depicts Scylla, piav nyob rau hauv Homer's paj huam "Lub Odyssey". Nyob ze yog ib khub dolphins. Geometric qauv hauv tricolor. Los ntawm txoj kev, cov mosaic tau pom los ntawm kev sib tsoo thaum lawv pib tsim ib lub ru tsev ntawm cov khoom pov thawj tseem ceeb pom los ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd.

Nyob rau hauv qhov tob ntawm lub tsev ntawm Archaeological Park ntawm Paphos, tom qab mosaic pem teb. Ntawm no yog ib txoj hauv kev sib txawv rau cov xim xim ntawm cov mosaic nteg. Ntawm ib qho ntawm cov mosaics yog cov duab ntawm Narcissus, framed los ntawm nteg tawm cov duab kos ntawm lub caij thiab lub caij. Nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm cov qhua, nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov ntaub pua plag, yos hav zoov scenes, dluab ntawm cov tsiaj, bunches ntawm grapes tshwm nyob rau hauv mosaics. Mosaics ntawm lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev hlub zaj dab neeg tau raug nthuav tawm los ntawm cov kws ua yeeb yam ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd.

Villa Theseus

Los ntawm mythology, peb paub txog kev ua yeeb yam ntawm Theseus, uas tau kov yeej Minotaur hauv labyrinth. Lub villa npe tom qab nws yog ib lub tsev loj. Thaum av qeeg, nws tsis tiv taus, tab sis tau rov tsim dua. Txawm li cas los xij, lub villa raug rhuav tshem los ntawm Arabs nyob rau xyoo pua 7.

Nyob rau hauv cov mosaics ua ntej av qeeg, Roman technologies los ua mosaic pem teb twb pom lawm. Ib qho ntawm cov mosaics ntawm lub tiaj ua si archaeological depicts ib scene nyob rau hauv uas Theseus fights Minotaur. Lub mosaic hnub tim 3 xyoo pua AD. e.

Nyob ze no mosaic qhia qhiaib zaj dab neeg hais txog kev tsis nco qab koj cov lus cog tseg. Thiab Theseus, tau tua Minotaur, tsis nco qab hloov lub nkoj ntawm nws lub nkoj mus rau dawb, yog li tshaj tawm nws yeej rau nws txiv. Nws caij nkoj hauv tsev hauv qab cov nkoj dub. Thiab thaum Theseus txiv Aegeus pom cov nkoj dub, nws paub tias nws tus tub tuag lawm thiab nws txiv muab nws tus kheej tawm ntawm pob tsuas mus rau hauv hiav txwv, coj nws txoj sia. Raws li cov lus dab neeg no, lub hiav txwv hu ua Aegea - Aegean.

Tsev ntawm Orpheus

Txawm tias ua ntej kev khawb av pib, cov ruins ntawm Paphos twb paub lawm. Ntau cov khoom qub txeeg qub teg tau poob rau hauv qhov tsis txaus ntseeg, thiab qee qhov ntawm cov pob zeb puas tau siv los ua tsev, txij li xyoo ntawd tsis muaj leej twg xav txog keeb kwm muaj nqis ntawm cov ruins no. Cov txheej txheem ntawm ob peb chav tau khaws cia. Cov mosaics uas nyob rau hauv pem teb hnub rov qab mus rau lub xyoo pua 2nd AD. e. Cov duab kos yog geometric thiab raws li cov lus Greek thaum ub ntawm cov mosaic, nws tuaj yeem nkag siab tias lub tsev no tau koom nrog Roman pej xeem Titus Gaius Restitutu. Txawm li cas los xij, lub tsev muaj npe, zoo li yav dhau los, los ntawm cov duab tseem ceeb ntawm mosaic. Nws yog Orpheus, ua si lub lyre, ncig los ntawm cov tsiaj hav zoov.

Eona Villa

Nyob rau sab ntawm txoj kev yog nyob rau hauv ib chav tsev uas tsis muaj tsawg nthuav lub tsev, cov excavation ntawm uas yog tseem tsis tu ncua. Tab sis txawm yog dab tsi qhib rau pej xeem hais txog nws cov nyiaj txiag. Nyob rau hauv lub ruined seem ntawm phab ntsa, tshwj xeeb frescoes yog pom. Cov plag tsev yog them nrog mosaics. Tab sis qhov txawv tshaj plaws yog qhov kev pab cuam ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm lub tsev. Nws depicts tus vaj tswv ntawm kev ncaj ncees Eon.

Cov ntaub ntawv no yog tsim los ntawm qhov tsawg tshaj plawscov iav, granite thiab pebbles. Nws qhia qhov ntim hauv daim duab ntawm lub ntsej muag ntawm mosaic canvases. Ntawm lwm cov mosaics - cov duab ntawm mythological scenes txog Cassiopeia, Apollo thiab Zeus. Cov mosaic hnub rov qab mus rau lub xyoo pua 4th AD. e. Cov kev tshawb nrhiav tsis tu ncua yuav tsum tau nthuav tawm ntau cov plag tsev mosaic thiab phab ntsa frescoes.

Forty Kem Castle

Lub tsev fuabtais majestic ntawm Saranta Kolones tau tsim los ntawm Byzantines nyob rau xyoo pua 7th ntawm plaub caug bas alt kab nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov qauv tiv thaiv. Nws tau destined los tsim thiab rhuav tshem, rov yug dua thiab rhuav tshem dua.

Thaum Crusaders ntes tau lub fortress nyob rau hauv 1191, King Richard lub Lionheart tsis tsuas yog rebuilt lub tsev fuabtais, tab sis kuj tsim ib tug zoo tiv thaiv complex nyob ib ncig ntawm nws. Ib qho av qeeg loj heev hauv 1222 tau rhuav tshem lub fortress no. Ntawm cov ruins ntawm lub tsev fuabtais ib zaug ntawm Saranta Kolones, cov neeg tuaj saib tuaj yeem pom cov phab ntsa tawg, ruins ntawm lub tsev thiab ib lub koov los ntawm lub rooj vag ua rau lub tsev fuabtais.

Lwm chaw ua si

Agora lossis kev lag luam square ua los ntawm pob zeb slabs hauv daim duab plaub. Nws txoj kev tsim kho hnub rov qab mus rau xyoo pua 2 AD. e. Zoo li txhua lub xwmfab hauv nroog, qhov no hauv Paphos yog qhov chaw sib tham thiab kev lag luam rau cov neeg hauv nroog. Nws raug rhuav tshem, zoo li txhua lub tsev, vim muaj av qeeg nyob rau xyoo pua 4th. Lub amphitheatre kuj raug puas tsuaj thaum av qeeg. Tab sis nws tau rov qab los: nws tau sau ua los ntawm cov pob zeb pob zeb pom thaum lub sijhawm khawb, nyob rau hauv kab ntawm amphitheatre. Tam sim no qhib-air amphitheatre yog qhib. Los ntawm 25 kab ib zauguas twb muaj lawm, kho thiab kho dua tshiab 11. Raws li cov lus qhia, kev ua yeeb yam ntawm Greek cov xwm txheej thaum ub tau tshwm sim ntawm no.

Ntawm rau cov neeg tuaj xyuas Tuam Tsev ntawm Asclepius. Qhov no yog ib tug complex ntawm ntau lub tsev ua nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua II BC. e. Cov tsev no tau siv los kho cov neeg. Thiab lub tsev tseem ceeb ntawm Asklepion yog tus qauv ntawm cov tsev kho mob tam sim no. Ib txoj kab nqes hav ua rau dej hiav txwv, tag nrho hauv cov qhov tsua pob zeb. Muaj ib zaug, pob zeb tau muab los ntawm lawv los tsim kho.

Thiab qhov no tseem yog Paphos

Dab tsi ntxiv uas cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws tuaj yeem pom hauv lub nroog keeb kwm no nrog ib puas xyoo keeb kwm? Muaj ib lub tsev khaws puav pheej ethnographic loj ntawm no nrog ntau yam kev sau, nrhiav tau los ntawm ib tug txiv neej uas nyiam kev kos duab pej xeem, keeb kwm, archaeology - Eliades George. Lub tsev khaws puav pheej nthuav tawm cov khoom pov thawj txij li Neolithic mus rau niaj hnub no. Nws tuaj yeem raug hu ua ib qho ntawm archaeological tsev cia puav pheej ntawm Cyprus.

Ib qho ntawm cov attractions ntawm Paphos yog Byzantine Tsev khaws puav pheej. Npis Sov Chrysosstomos pib nws txoj kev tsim. Kev nthuav tawm ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej yog cov cim ntawm 7th-8th centuries, kuj tseem muaj cov cim pleev xim rau hauv Byzantine style ntawm 12th-14th centuries. Txhua lub cim yog nyob rau hauv qhov zoo. Lub tsev khaws puav pheej nthuav qhia lub ceremonial robes ntawm cov pov thawj. Ib phau ntawv teev dab qhuas loj kuj muaj nyob rau ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej no.

Muaj qee yam pom hauv Paphos sab nraum phab ntsa ntawm tsev cia puav pheej. Cov no yog faus qhov ntxa los ntawm lub xyoo pua 4 BC, nyob ze ntawm Paphos chaw nres nkoj. e. mus txog rau xyoo pua 3 AD. e. Muaj ntau tshaj 100 qhov ntxa nyob rau hauv cov crypts carved rau hauv pob zeb. Kuj tseem muaj kev faus neeg - qhov no yog ib qho necropolis, uas muaj ntaunthuav artifacts. Thiab qhov no yog qhov ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov pov thawj ntawm lub neej thiab lub neej ntawm cov neeg uas nyob ntawm no.

Txhawm rau pom tag nrho cov kev pom no, koj tuaj yeem yuav daim npav ncig tebchaws thiab ya Moscow - Paphos mus rau Paphos International Airport. Los ntawm txoj kev, yog tias koj raug rub mus rau Cyprus mus taug kev los ntawm lub ruins ntawm ancient nroog, nws yog zoo dua mus rau lub teb chaws ntawm Aphrodite los ntawm lub kaum ib hlis mus rau lub Plaub Hlis. Ua ntej, nws tsis kub, thiab qhov thib ob, koj yuav txaus siab rau qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov chaw zoo heev, thiab tsis languish hauv tshav kub. Daim pib ya davhlau Moscow - Paphos yuav luag txhua lub sijhawm.