Kamchatsky roob hluav taws Shiveluch: cov ntaub ntawv yooj yim

2024 Tus sau: Harold Hamphrey | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:14

Shiveluch Volcano yog lub roob hluav taws kub sab qaum teb tshaj plaws hauv Kamchatka thiab yog ib qho loj tshaj plaws ntawm cov ceg av qab teb. Txoj kab uas hla ntawm nws lub hauv paus yog tsib caug kilometers. Nws zoo li muaj ob ntu - Laus thiab Hluas Shiveluch.

qhov ntev ntawm lub roob hluav taws qub

Lub qub roob hluav taws Kamchatka Shiveluch yog stratovolcano. Nws yog tsim los ntawm coarse clastic khoom, uas yog interbedded nrog lava. Lub ntuj tsim no yog crowned nrog ib tug loj caldera, lub cheeb ntawm uas yog cuaj kilometers. Nws cov ledges yog khaws cia zoo heev, lawv qhov siab txawv ntawm ntau pua meters mus rau ib thiab ib nrab kilometers nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam ntawm lub ntsiab ncov. Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm nws tsim, ntau tshaj li rau caum cubic kilometers ntawm pyroclastic cov ntaub ntawv tau ejected los ntawm lub plab hnyuv siab raum ntawm lub ntiaj teb, kis mus rau ib tug es loj ib ncig: nws mus txog lub channel ntawm tus dej Kamchatka thiab txawm ntxiv.

Qhov loj ntawm lub roob hluav taws kub

Nyob hauv qab ntawm lub caldera no, ze rau nws sab qaum teb sab hnub poob, muaj ib tug hluas volcano Shiveluch. Nws yog sawv cev los ntawm ob peb extrusive merged domes (Ob chav, Suelich, Central thiab lwm yam) nrog me me lava ntws uas muaj andesitic thiabandesite-dacite compositions. Txoj kab uas hla ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm qhov tsim no yog xya kilometers. Xyoo 1964, lub roob hluav taws Shiveluch tau tawg, vim muaj kev tawg muaj zog, cov domes no yuav luag tag nrho, thiab ob lub qhov dej loj loj tau tsim nyob rau hauv lawv qhov chaw. Nws txoj kab uas hla yog 1.7 km rau sab qaum teb thiab 2 mais rau sab qab teb. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov tawg, cov khoom raug tshem tawm ntawm lub plab zom mov, uas tau muab tso rau sab qab teb txoj kab nqes hauv ib lub tsho txuas ntxiv, nws lub thickness yog los ntawm ib mus rau tsib caug meters. Lub cheeb tsam ntawm cov cheeb tsam yog ntau tshaj li ib puas square kilometers, thiab lub ntim yog ib thiab ib nrab cubic kilometers. Nyob rau hauv 1980, ib tug tshiab extrusive dome pib tsim nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb crater, uas muaj andesite. Kev loj hlob ntawm qhov kev tsim no txuas ntxiv mus txog niaj hnub no. Nws yog nrog los ntawm kev tawg ntawm ntau lub zog. Qhov kev sib tw tshaj plaws ntawm lub dome tau tshwm sim hauv xyoo 1993. Tom qab ntawd nws tau nyob yuav luag tag nrho thaj chaw ntawm sab qaum teb crater.

History of the Volcano

Muab cov qauv piav qhia saum toj no, lub roob hluav taws Shiveluch yog cais raws li cov qauv hluav taws xob ntawm cov chav kawm Somma-Vesuvius. Qhov kev tsim no yog cov qauv loj tshaj plaws ntawm hom no. Kev tshwm sim thiab kev loj hlob ntawm lub roob hluav taws, raws li geologists, tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub era ntawm Upper Pleistocene, txog xya caum txhiab xyoo dhau los. Qhov kev puas tsuaj loj tshaj plaws tshwm sim nrog ntau zaus ntawm ib puas mus rau peb puas xyoo. Qhov kawg ntawm lawv tau sau tseg hauv 1854 thiab xyoo 1964, uas yog, lub sijhawm yog 110 xyoo. Nruab nrab-lub zog thiab qaug zog eruptions tshwm sim ntau zaus, feem ntaulawv tau nrog kev loj hlob ntawm extrusive domes. Qhov no tau pom tam sim no.

Cov ntaub ntawv dav dav: lub roob hluav taws Shiveluch nyob qhov twg?

Raws li qhov loj thiab ntim ntawm cov khoom tawg, qhov zaus ntawm qhov muaj zog tawg, tus nqi ntawm kev tshem tawm cov teeb meem, qhov tsim ntuj tsim no yog ib lub roob hluav taws tshwj xeeb tshaj plaws hauv Kamchatka, nrog rau Kuril Islands. Lub active geological yam khoom no yog ib tug ntawm cov loj tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub ceg av qab teb. Shiveluch nyob rau yim caum kilometers sab qaum teb ntawm lub roob hluav taws Klyuchevskoy. Nws yog nyob rau ntawm tus dej Kamchatka, nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm ib tug swamp-pauv lowland stretching rau ntau kaum kilometers. Yog hais tias tus kws kos duab muaj lub hom phiaj ntawm kev piav qhia txog tus txiv neej laus uas ua phem rau lub neej nyob rau hauv lub ntsej muag ntawm lub ntuj, ces Shiveluch volcano yuav tsum tau coj mus rau qhov xwm txheej. Qhov no yog ib yam khoom ntuj tsim loj heev, suav nrog lub khob tsim ntawm ntau hom thiab muaj hnub nyoog, riddled nrog gorges, craters thiab kev ua tsis tiav, uas tau muaj nyob rau ntau txhiab xyoo, tseem txuas ntxiv mus rau qee lub sijhawm kom tawg mus rau qhov kev puas tsuaj loj uas rhuav tshem tag nrho lub neej.

Txhob qhov chaw

Tom qab tsim lub ntsiab lub khob hliav qab ntawm lub roob hluav taws uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev ua tsis tiav thiab tawg hauv nws sab qab teb, ib qho caldera dav tau tsim. Ib lub khob me me tshwm rau hauv. Tom qab ntawd, lwm caldera-crater loj hlob nyob rau hauv thawj caldera. Nws rhuav tshem ib feem ntawm lub khob me me. Nws yog nyob rau hauv qhov chaw no, raws li lub thinnest, uas tom qab eruptions pib tshwm sim. Ib feem uas tau muaj sia nyob mus txog hnub noLub khob hliav qab thaum ub hu ua "Main Peak", nws yog qhov chaw siab tshaj ntawm qhov khoom siv geological. Thiab lub khob me me yog hu ua Crater Summit. Qhov siab ntawm lub roob hluav taws Shiveluch ntawm nws qhov siab tshaj plaws yog 3335 meters, thiab nyob rau hauv nws cov hluas - 2700 meters.

History of eruptions

Kev tawg ntawm lub roob hluav taws Shiveluch hauv Kamchatka tau tawg. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua xeem, emissions tshwm sim nyob rau hauv 1925, 1944, 1950, 1964. Qhov kawg eruption yog luv heev, tab sis tsis tshua muaj zog. Yog li ntawd, huab cua tawg tau nce mus rau qhov siab kaum tsib-kilometer siab thiab tsiv mus rau dej hiav txwv. Nws lub thickness yog tas li txiav los ntawm ci ntsa iab. Tag nrho cov cheeb tsam mus rau sab hnub tuaj ntawm lub roob hluav taws, mus txog Ust-Kamchatsk thiab txawm ntxiv, plunged rau hauv qhov tsaus ntuj. Ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm blasted pob zeb tau muab pov tseg mus rau ib tug deb ntawm 15 kilometers, nws npog hauv av nrog ib tug tuab txheej, uas nyob rau hauv tej qhov chaw mus txog los ntawm ob peb mus rau kaum meters. Txhua tsob ntoo thiab hav zoov tau raug faus lossis hlawv, txhua yam muaj sia uas tsis tuaj yeem khiav los yog ya mus ua ntej tuag. Nws paub tias ntau tus noog thiab tsiaj tuaj yeem cia siab tias yuav muaj av qeeg thiab volcanic eruptions: lawv nkag los ntawm lawv lub qhov, pib muaj kev ntxhov siab, thiab nyiam tawm ntawm qhov chaw. Yog li, qhov kev puas tsuaj loj tshwm sim ntawm lub roob hluav taws Shiveluch thaum lub Kaum Ib Hlis 1964 tau ua ntej los ntawm seismic tremors uas pib ib hlis ua ntej ejections lawv tus kheej. Txhua hnub lawv qhov kev siv zog tau nce ntxiv. Thiab ob hnub ua ntej qhov tawg, tus lej tau mus txog ntau dua ib puas ib hnub. Lub sijhawm no cov tsiaj coj li cas?

Los ntawm cov dab neeg ntawm cov neeg qub

Qhov no yog qhov uas tus neeg yos hav zoov hauv zos A. M. Chudinov qhia (thaum lub sijhawm nws muaj kaum cuaj xyoo). Ob lossis peb hnub ua ntej qhov tawg, ib tus tuaj yeem pom qhov kev hloov pauv loj heev thiab txawv txav ntawm bears los ntawm sab laug ntug dej mus rau sab xis-bank hav ntawm Kamchatka. Thiab qhov no txawm tias lub Kaum Ib Hlis tag nrho cov tsiaj mus rau hauv hibernation, tab sis lub premonition ntawm kev puas tsuaj yuav yuam kom lawv tawm hauv lawv qhov chaw sov so thiab mus rau hauv hav zoov tshaib plab thiab txias rau lawv nyob rau lub caij ntuj no. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, tus naj npawb ntawm lwm yam tsiaj, xws li hares thiab hma liab, tau nce loj nyob rau hauv txoj cai bank. Thaj, lawv kuj tsiv los ntawm hauv qab Shiveluch.

Tam sim ua ntej pib qhov tawg, nce seismic kev ua si tuaj yeem pom pom. Yog li, raws li cov dab neeg ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv lub Keys, nyob rau hauv siab siab saum toj no hiav txwv theem, nws tau pom yuav ua li cas ib tug series ntawm nthwv dej dhau los ntawm ib tug loj, ice-them pas dej Kurchazhnoye, dag nyob rau hauv lwm yam sab ntawm tus dej..

Tom qab xyoo 1964 eruption, tsuas yog kev ua fumarolic pom ntawm Shiveluch. Lub roob hluav taws nws tus kheej nyob hauv thaj chaw deb, tsis tshua muaj kev ncig xyuas nws.

2014

Hnub sawv ntxov ntawm Lub Rau Hli 1, 2014, lub roob hluav taws Shiveluch tau ua kom muaj tshauv muaj zog. Nws qhov siab yog ntau tshaj xya kilometers. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub plume pib kis mus rau sab qab teb sab hnub tuaj mus rau Kamchatka Bay. Niaj hnub no, cov khoom siv geological no tau muab rau cov txiv kab ntxwv code (ib qho txaus ntshai tshaj plaws). Nws txoj haujlwmpib nce txij li xyoo 2009, thaum lub sijhawm ntawd muaj qhov tob ntawm 30 meters sib sib zog nqus tsim rau saum. Raws li qhov nce hauv seismic kev ua si, cov kws tshawb fawb xaus lus tias tam sim no muaj "kev npaj" rau qhov muaj zog tom ntej ntawm Shiveluch.