Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug: peev, cheeb tsam thiab nroog

2024 Tus sau: Harold Hamphrey | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:14

Tsab qaum teb qaum teb zoo nkauj thiab nyob deb. Cov lus txhais no siv tau rau Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. Nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws no, nyob ib puag ncig los ntawm pristine xwm, haiv neeg hauv paus txawm nyob raws li kev cai ntawm lawv cov poj koob yawm txwv, thiab nplua nuj subsoil yog tsim los ntawm niaj hnub technologies. Yamal ib txwm nyiam cov neeg taug kev nrog nws qhov tshwj xeeb zoo li. Ntawm no, nyob rau hauv txoj kev zoo tshaj plaws, lub stinginess ntawm lub hnub thiab originality ntawm xwm, qhov hnyav ntawm kev nyab xeeb thiab kev tos txais ntawm cov neeg hauv zos, lub palette zoo heev ntawm lub caij nplooj zeeg thiab ntsiag to whiteness ntawm lub caij ntuj no yog ua ke nyob rau hauv txoj kev amazing tshaj plaws. Cov kws tshawb fawb nyiam Yamal rau nws txoj kev coj noj coj ua thiab qhov tshwj xeeb. Yog li ntawd, nco ntsoov tuaj rau Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug (lub peev ntawm Salekhard) txhawm rau kom txaus siab rau huab cua huv tshaj plaws thiab pom kev zoo nkauj ntawm tej thaj chaw deb ntawm peb lub tebchaws loj.

geography

Russia zoo nkauj thiab nplua nuj: Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug yog lub hlaws dub ntawm sab qaum teb ntawm peb lub tebchaws. Thiab nws occupies tsis ntau los yog tsawg - 770 txhiab square kilometers ntawm West Siberian Plain. Hauv paus tsev kawm ntawv suav nrog: Gydanskyceg av qab teb, Tazovsky ceg av qab teb thiab, ntawm chav kawm, lub Yamal ceg av qab teb. Feem ntau ntawm koog tsev kawm ntawv yog nyob dhau ntawm Arctic Circle. Los ntawm sab qaum teb, YNAO raug ntxuav los ntawm Hiav Txwv Kara, los ntawm sab qab teb nws txuas nrog Khanty-Mansiysk Okrug, nws cov neeg nyob sab hnub tuaj yog Taimyr thiab Evenk Autonomous Regions, thiab sab hnub poob nws ciam teb rau thaj tsam Arkhangelsk thiab Komi koom pheej. Lub nyem ntawm Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug tuaj yeem muab faib ua tiaj thiab roob. Tag nrho peb ceg av qab teb yog dotted nrog me me dej ntws, hollows, ravines thiab swamps. Lub roob stretches rau ob puas kilometers nyob rau hauv ib tug nqaim sawb raws lub Polar Urals. Kev nyab xeeb ntawm YaNAO yog lub teb chaws loj heev, hnyav, muab faib ua peb thaj chaw: sab qaum teb ntawm sab hnub poob Siberian lowland, subarctic thiab arctic. Cov pejxeem muaj kwv yees li 500 txhiab tus neeg uas muaj qhov ntom ntom tsawg dua ib tus neeg ib square kilometers.

Flora

Cov zaub npog hauv YNAO muaj cov lus hais latitudinal zonality. Tsib thaj chaw toj roob hauv pes tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv: sab qaum teb taiga, hav zoov tundra, tsob ntoo, moss-lichen thiab arctic tundra. Nyob rau sab qaum teb tshaj plaws, thaj tsam arctic, cov nroj tsuag yog sparse. Ntawm no koj tuaj yeem pom tsuas yog mosses, lichens thiab sedges. Cov bushes me me thiab tshuaj ntsuab twb loj hlob nyob rau hauv moss-lichen tundra. Nyob rau hauv lub tom ntej no cheeb tsam (cov nroj tsuag tundra), dwarf birches thiab willows loj hlob, raws tus dej ntws - berries thiab nceb. Muaj ntau ntau swamps thiab me me dej hauv hav zoov-tundra. Ntawm no loj hlob dwarf birch, larch, me spruce. Nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam yav qab teb ntawm Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug - taiga, muaj ntau lub pas dej, swamps, dej ntws. Tag nrho thaj chaw yog them nrog tuab lub teeb thiab tsaus ntuj nti hav zoov.

fauna

Yog YNAO cov teb chaws txom nyem heev ces tsiaj ntiaj teb thiaj nplua nuj thiab ntau haiv neeg. Peb caug yim hom tsiaj nyob hauv lub nroog tsib cheeb tsam huab cua. Feem ntau ntawm tag nrho cov muaj predators thiab nas - kaum plaub hom txhua. Tsib lub npe ntawm pinnipeds, peb - insectivores, ob - ungulates. Nees nkaum hom tsiaj plaub yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev lag luam.

Mineral natural resources

Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug (lub peev ntawm Salekhard) yog nto moo rau nws cov hydrocarbon reserves. Kwv yees li 78% ntawm tag nrho cov reserves ntawm Lavxias teb sab roj thiab roj yog concentrated ntawm no. YNAO yog lub ntiaj teb loj tshaj plaws hydrocarbon peev txheej. Kev tsim kho rau kev rho tawm cov khoom tseem ceeb raw khoom tau ua nyob rau ntawm Nakhodka thiab Urengoy roj, Ety-Purovskoye, Yuzhno-Russkoye, thiab Yamburgskoye roj teb. Kwv yees li 8% ntawm tag nrho cov khoom ntawm "dub" kub thiab txog 80% ntawm "xiav kub" yog mined txhua xyoo hauv Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. Chromium, molybdenum, tin, hlau, lead, phosphorites, barites thiab lwm yam minerals yog mined nyob rau hauv lub Polar Urals.

Cov neeg hauv paus txawm ntawm Yamal-Nenets Okrug

Neeg neeg nyob hauv Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. Tab sis cov neeg hauv paus txawm tiag tiag yog Khanty, Nenets, Selkups thiab Komi-Izhemtsy, uas tau nyob hauv thaj chaw no txij thaum immemorial. Cov so tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua nees nkaum. Qhov no yog vim txoj kev loj hlob ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Far North nyob rau hauv lub era ntawm lub Soviet Union.

Khanty: txij thaum ub, cov neeg no nyob hauv thaj chaw ntawm Khanty-Mansiysk thiab Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. Cov kab lis kev cai, lus thiab kev lis kev cai ntawm cov neeg no yog heterogeneous. Qhov no yog vim qhov tseeb tias Khanty tau nyob ntawm thaj chaw loj heev thiab yog li ntawd tau tawg me ntsis.

Cov Nenets nyob hauv thaj chaw loj ntawm Russia - los ntawm Taimyr Peninsula mus rau ntug dej hiav txwv Arctic. Cov neeg no tau tsiv teb tsaws los ntawm Siberia yav qab teb hauv thawj xyoo txhiab ntawm peb lub sijhawm. Nws zwm rau pawg Samoyedic.

Tseem paub tias cov neeg Komi tau nyob hauv thaj chaw no txij thaum 1 txhiab xyoo BC. Cov neeg no tau muab faib ua sab qaum teb thiab sab qab teb Komi. Thawj zaug los ntawm lub sij hawm immemorial tau koom nrog reindeer herding, nuv ntses thiab yos hav zoov. Cov tom kawg yog neeg yos hav zoov thiab nuv ntses.

Selkups yog cov neeg coob coob nyob rau sab qaum teb. Cov Selkups ib txwm koom nrog kev nuv ntses thiab yos hav zoov. Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov neeg uas nyob ntawm qhov chaw siab dua tseem muab mos lwj.

Administrative Center

Lub peev ntawm YaNAO yog lub nroog Salekhard. Nws nyob ntawm ntug dej ntawm Ob (ntawm sab xis). Lub nroog nyob ntawm Arctic Circle (tsuas yog ib qho hauv ntiaj teb). Cov pejxeem yog kwv yees li 40 txhiab tus neeg. Lub nroog tau tsim nyob rau hauv 1595. Thaum xub thawj nws yog ib lub tsev loj cuj me hu ua Obdorsky. Ib nrab xyoo tom qab nws lub hauv paus, cov neeg nyob ruaj khov tshwm sim ntawm no. Txij li thaum xyoo 1923, lub zos ntawm Obdorsk tau dhau los ua qhov chaw ntawm Obdorsky koog tsev kawm ntawv ntawm thaj av Ural. Thiab twb nyob rau hauv 1930, lub zos tau muab cov xwm txheej ntawm lub chaw tswj hwm ntawm Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. Peb xyoos tom qab, Obdorsk tau hloov npe hu ua Salekhard. Niaj hnub no, Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, lub peev ntawm AO tshwj xeeb,tab tom txhim kho ntawm qhov nrawm nrawm. Muaj ntau lub lag luam ua haujlwm hauv nroog: Yamalzoloto, qhov chaw nres nkoj dej, ntses cannery, Yamalflot thiab lwm yam. Lub nroog tau qhib Yamalo-Nenets Cheeb Tsam Tsev khaws puav pheej thiab Exhibition Complex, uas muaj chaw ua yeeb yam, lub tsev khaws puav pheej keeb kwm hauv zos thiab lub tsev qiv ntawv tshawb fawb. Tseem nyob hauv Salekhard yog District House of Crafts - lub xeev pob nyiaj siv kev coj noj coj ua ntawm Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. Muaj ntau ceg ntawm ntau lub tsev kawm ntawv qib siab hauv lub nroog YaNAO. Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug (lub peev ntawm Salekhard) tab tom ntsib teeb meem loj nrog kev nkag mus rau Is Taws Nem. Qhov tseeb yog tias tsis muaj fiber ntau optic network hauv cheeb tsam tsis tau.

Lub nroog thiab cheeb tsam ntawm Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug

YNAO suav nrog xya lub nroog, yim lub nroog, tsib lub nroog hauv nroog thiab plaub caug-ib txoj kev tswj hwm nyob deb nroog. Cov cheeb tsam ntawm Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug: Yamalsky, Shuryshkarsky, Tazovsky, Purovsky, Priuralsky, Nadymsky thiab Krasnoselkupsky. Raws li tau hais los saum toj no, cov pej xeem ceev yog tsawg heev. Txawm hais tias thaj chaw loj heev, muaj ob peb lub nroog hauv Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. Lub zos: Noyabrsk (97 txhiab), Novy Urengoy (89.8 txhiab), Nadym (45.2 txhiab), Muravlenko (36.4 txhiab), Salekhard (32.9 txhiab), Labytnangi (26, 7 txhiab), Gubkinsky (21.1 txhiab tus neeg nyob). Hauv qab no, qee lub nroog ntawm YaNAO yuav piav qhia ntxaws ntxiv.

Gubkinsky

Lub nroog Gubkinsky (Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug) hauv xyoo 1996 tau los ua lub nroog tseem ceeb hauv cheeb tsam thiab tau muab npe tom qab Soviet geologist. Gubkin Ivan Mikhailovich Nws nyob ntawm sab laug ntug dej ntawm Pyakupur River, ob puas kilometers ntawm Arctic Circle. Lub nroog no tau tsim los ua lub hauv paus chaw rau kev txhim kho cov roj deposits. Vim Gubkinsky (Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug), feem ntau tshwj xeeb hauv kev tsim cov roj thiab roj thiab kev lag luam. Lub nroog muaj kev ua haujlwm zoo nrog cov tub ntxhais hluas: muaj chaw ua kis las thiab kab lis kev cai, tsev kawm ua las voos, muaj lub studio kaw. Cov tub ntxhais hluas muaj lub cib fim mus kawm ntawv hauv lawv lub zos.

Muravlenko. Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug

Lub nroog tau tsim muaj xyoo 1984. Nws tau txais cov xwm txheej ntawm ib cheeb tsam hauv xyoo 1990. Nws tau muaj npe tom qab tus kws ua haujlwm roj Viktor Ivanovich Muravlenko. Hauv paus, cov peev nyiaj hauv nroog tau rov ua dua ntawm cov nqi ntawm cov lag luam roj. Muravlenko (Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug) muaj nws lub tuam txhab xov tooj cua thiab TV. Cov ntawv xov xwm tau tshaj tawm: "Peb Lub Nroog", "Kopeyka", "Lord of a Oilman".

Noyabrsk. Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug

Tom qab Novy Urengoy, Noyabrsk yog ob tus neeg coob tshaj plaws hauv YaNAO. Hnub ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm lub nroog tuaj yeem suav hais tias yog xyoo 1973, thaum thawj qhov dej tau drilled ntawm qhov chaw ntawm Noyabrsk hnub no. Ob xyoos tom qab, thawj cov neeg nyob hauv tsev tuaj txog ntawm no, uas feem ntau yog cov neeg ua haujlwm. Rov qab rau xyoo 1976, lub zos Noyabrsk tsuas tuaj yeem pom ntawm daim duab qhia chaw ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm roj, thiab nyob rau xyoo 1982, lub zos tau muab cov xwm txheej ntawm ib cheeb tsam nroog. Cov roj thiab roj thiab roj kev lag luam yog tsim tau zoo heev. Ntau tshaj peb caug lub tuam txhab ua haujlwm hauv daim teb no.