Sights of Bukhara. Keeb kwm monuments ntawm Bukhara

2024 Tus sau: Harold Hamphrey | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:14

Leej twg tsis nyiam mus ncig thiab nrhiav qhov chaw tshiab zoo nkauj? Ntawm chav kawm, lub hiav txwv, lub hnub thiab lub puam yog lub ntsiab so rau cov neeg nkees ntawm grey txhua hnub lub neej, tab sis koj yuav tsum lees tias nws tsis yog tsawg nthuav thiab zoo siab kom paub lub ntiaj teb no thiab keeb kwm muaj nuj nqis ntawm txawv. lub teb chaws. Tus nyeem ntawv hauv peb qhov kev mus ncig yog tos rau lub nroog Bukhara (Uzbekistan). Thov kom peb kawm txog txhua qhov pom ntawm lub ces kaum zoo nkauj ntawm peb lub ntiaj teb no.

lus dab neeg ntawm Uzbekistan

Bukhara yog ib lub nroog uas tau muab zais rau hauv cov lus zais thiab cov lus dab neeg. Cov keeb kwm hais tias nws tau tsim los ntawm tus yawm Siyavush, uas, raws li cov lus dab neeg, yog tus tub ntawm Iranian huab tais Kay-Kavus thiab zoo nkauj Turan uas khiav tawm ntawm leej txiv siab phem. Nws yog Siyavush - ib tug neeg siab tawv thiab siab tawv tub rog - uas tau tsim thawj Bukhara citadel Ark, ntawm lub qhov rooj sab hnub tuaj uas nws tau faus tom qab nws tuag ntawm tes ntawm Afrasiab, tus huab tais ntawm Turan. Cov neeg nyob hauv Bukhara tau nchuav tag nrho lawv txoj kev tu siab rau tus tub rog tua rau hauv lub voj voog hu ua "Lub Cry of the Mugs", thiab cov neeg qhuas ntawm Siyavush tseem tua qaib rau thawj hnub ntawm Xyoo Tshiab nyob ze ntawm phab ntsa ntawm Bukhara. citadel hauvnco txog tus tsim lub nroog. Los ntawm txoj kev, txoj kev zoo nkauj heev Silk Road, txoj kev txuas rau sab hnub tuaj thiab sab hnub poob, hla dhau lub nroog ntawm Uzbekistan, uas yog los ntawm Bukhara.

Kev ntseeg thiab niaj hnub

Hnub no, Bukhara yog lub nroog uas tsis yog tsuas yog qhov chaw ntawm kab lis kev cai ntawm Uzbekistan niaj hnub no, tab sis kuj yog thaj chaw nruab nrab ntawm lub tebchaws no. Cov Uzbeks lawv tus kheej hu lub nroog no tus ncej ntawm Islam. Raws li ib qho ntawm ntau cov lus dab neeg, txhua lub nroog uas nyob hauv Muslims tau ntim rau hauv lub teeb dawb huv ci los ntawm lub ntuj, thiab tsuas yog saum Bukhara nws maj nrawm mus rau saum ntuj.

Thiab qhov tseeb, tsis yog txhua lub nroog ntawm Uzbekistan tuaj yeem khav ntawm ntau lub tsev teev ntuj sib txawv thiab qhov ntxa ntawm cov neeg Muslim zoo tau nce mus rau cov neeg ntseeg. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov pom ntawm Bukhara tsis yog tsuas yog qhov chaw rau kev thov Vajtswv rau Allah. Lub nroog no muaj ntau qhov chaw steeped hauv keeb kwm thiab fairy tales. Nws nyob ntawm no, hauv Bukhara, uas cov neeg zoo li Avicenna thiab Omar Khayyam tsim paj huam thiab kev tshawb fawb.

Qhov chaw rau kev tshoov siab

Thaum koj pom koj tus kheej hauv lub nroog no, koj tam sim nkag siab tias Bukhara qub nrog nws cov lus dab neeg zoo sib xws nrog cov tshiab, niaj hnub Bukhara. Nws txoj kev yog mysterious thiab winding, thiab cov phab ntsa ntawm newfangled vaj tse nyob kaj siab lug coexist nrog phab ntsa ntawm lub tsev nrog ib tug ntev keeb kwm. Qhov no yog lub nroog ntawm qhov sib txawv, saturated nrog tus ntsuj plig ntawm antiquity thiab oriental kev txawj ntse.

Nws yooj yim tsis tuaj yeem pom qhov pom ntawm Bukhara hauv ib hnub - lawv muaj ntau heev. Kev tsis saib xyuas ib tug ntawm lawv zoo li nyob Paris thiab tsis pomEiffel Ntauwd. Txhawm rau nqus tau qhov ntxim nyiam ntawm lub nroog no nrog txhua lub xov tooj ntawm lub cev, koj tuaj yeem tshawb txog kev ncig mus rau Bukhara muaj los ntawm ntau tus neeg ncig xyuas ncig xyuas. Thiab, yog tias nws tsis tuaj yeem tshawb xyuas tag nrho cov nooks thiab crannies ntawm lub hlaws ntawm Uzbekistan, peb xav kom koj twv yuav raug hu mus xyuas Mausoleum ntawm Samandins, Ark Citadel, Miri Arab Madrasah, Kalyan Mosque, Chor-Minor Madrasah. thiab Trading Domes. Cov no yog cov kev nthuav dav tshaj plaws ntawm Bukhara, uas ua rau muaj kev xav tsis thoob rau cov neeg ncig tebchaws.

Dynasty Legacy

Ib qho ntawm cov tsev qub Muslim keeb kwm tau tsim nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 10th yog Mausoleum ntawm Samandins. Txij li thaum nws tau ua los ntawm cib nrog ib tug scratched qauv, nws muaj peev xwm rightfully xam tau tias yog ib yam ntawm monument rau lub cib ntau lawm lub sij hawm. Lub mausoleum tsis raug puas tsuaj thaum lub sij hawm Mongol ntxeem tau ntawm Bukhara thiab tau zoo kawg nkaus khaws cia rau peb lub sij hawm, vim hais tias nws tau npog nrog xuab zeb thiab tawg tawg lub tsev. Tsis tas li ntawd, ib tug ancient lus dab neeg hais tias qhov zoo nkauj grandeur ntawm lub Mausoleum ua xws li ib tug zoo kawg nkaus impression rau cov invaders uas, hneev rau qhov zoo nkauj ntawm lub tsev, lawv tsis hlawv nws, cia nws untouched. Qhov kev tshawb pom ntawm lub tsev yog los ntawm Soviet archaeologist Vasily Afanasyevich Shishkin, uas nrhiav tau nyob rau hauv 1934 thaum lub sij hawm excavations.

Lub Mausoleum ntawm Samandins yog qhov chaw zaum kawg uas cov tswv cuab ntawm Samandins dynasty - Ismail Samani (tus thawj coj ntawm Bukhara thiab tus neeg sawv cev kawg ntawm Persian dynasty) thiab nws tus tub Ahmad ibn Ismail nrhiav tau nyob mus ib txhis.

MausoleumSamandinov tsis yog tsuas yog ib lub monument ntawm ancient tsev kab lis kev cai, nws yog ib tug tag nrho zaj dab neeg ntawm kev sawv rov los ntawm lub nroog tom qab tsov rog tsis muaj kawg nrog cov Arabs.

Temple of Knowledge

Pom qhov pom ntawm Bukhara, nws tsis tuaj yeem mus xyuas Miri Arab Madrassah. Qhov no tsis yog tsuas yog ib qho chaw txhawb siab xwb, tab sis kuj yog ib qho ntawm thawj lub tsev kawm ntawv, uas nyob rau hauv lub era ntawm lub USSR tsuas yog ib qho ntawm nws hom rau cov neeg uas yog Islam.

Lawv hais tias tus tsim ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv no, Sheikh Miri Arab, tau yaum tus thawj coj ntawm Bukhara kom muag 3,000 tus neeg Iranian raug ntes los tsim Madrasah nrog cov nyiaj tau los. Txog thaum nruab nrab xyoo pua 20, nws yog lub tsev kawm ntawv muaj koob npe tshaj plaws.

Nyob rau xyoo 1941, ua ntej Tsov Rog Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob, Bolsheviks tau teeb tsa kev sau npe tub rog thiab tub rog hauv lub tsev no, thaum lub sijhawm muaj kev kub ntxhov, cov neeg tawg rog tau dim hauv qab lub domes ntawm Madrasah.

Nyob rau hauv peb lub sijhawm, txawm hais tias muaj ntau lub tsev kawm qib siab sib txawv, Miri Arab Madrasah tseem suav tias yog ib qho zoo tshaj plaws, thiab kev sib tw rau cov neeg thov yog qhov zoo siab - kwv yees li 14 tus neeg rau ib qho chaw.

Lub tsev nws tus kheej yog nplua nuj nrog cov yeeb yuj mosaics uas tau hloov mus ua ornaments thiab paj. Qhov chaw zoo nkauj tshaj plaws ntawm Miri Arab Madrasah yog lub qhov ntxa uas Sheikh Abdullah Yamani, mudarris Muhammad Kasym thiab Ubaydullah Khan raug faus.

qhov chaw thov Vajtswv

Kalyan Mosque yog lub tsev qub tshaj plaws rau kev thov Vajtswv hauv Central Asia, uas tau tsim nyob rau xyoo pua 15th. Cov cheeb tsam ntawm lub tsev tuaj yeem haumthaum hnub caiv kev cai dab qhuas txog 12,000 tus neeg.

Cov chav tsev ntawm Kalyan Mosque, ntsia ntawm 208 kab, muaj 288 domes, thiab xiav domes yog hom cim ntawm Bukhara.

plaub ntug

Chor-Me Madrasah yog kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm kev zoo nkauj thiab kev zoo nkauj. Lub npe Chor-Me nyob rau hauv kev txhais lus txhais tau tias "plaub minarets", uas tsim ib daim ntawv refined ntawm madrasah thiab yog cov cim ntawm sab qab teb, North, West thiab East. Cov kws tshawb fawb keeb kwm hais tias ib zaug ib tus neeg lag luam nplua nuj nyob hauv cov ntaub pua plag thiab cov nees zoo nkauj Niyazkul-bek tau mus ncig Is Nrias teb thiab mus xyuas Taj Mahal. Nws zoo siab heev rau cov qauv no uas thaum nws rov qab los rau nws lub tebchaws nws tau txiav txim siab tsim ib lub tsev zoo sib xws. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws muab tso rau ntau qhov yuav tsum tau ua rau cov kws kos duab.

Ua ntej, lub tsev yuav tsum tau txhim tsa ntawm Txoj Kev Silk Road kom cov tub lag luam thiab cov neeg taug kev hla tsis tau.

Thib ob - lub ntsej muag ntawm madrasah yuav tsum cim plaub lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb thiab qhia txhua tus neeg hauv ntiaj teb no sib npaug ib yam li lawv.

Ib qhov chaw xav paub

Vim Bukhara nyob ntawm Txoj Kev Silk, nws tau ua lag luam loj loj rau ntau pua xyoo. Nws nyob ntawm no tias cov tub lag luam los ntawm cov teb chaws nyob deb tshaj tuaj txog nrog cov khoom.

txhawm rau txhawm rau txhim kho qhov chaw rau kev ua lag luam kev lag luam, kev lag luam zoo nkauj Domes tau tsim. Nws tau nyob hauv lawv lub khw muag khoom, qhov twg ntau yam khoom muag thiab yuav - los ntawm cov khoom noj khoom haus banal mus rau txawv teb chaws xav paub.

Ntauxyoo dhau los, txhua yam khoom muaj nws tus kheej dome. Niaj hnub no, txoj hauv kev no tau dhau los ua tsis cuam tshuam, thiab tsuas yog peb ntawm lawv tau siv rau kev lag luam.