Kev ncig xyuas kev ncig ntawm Voronezh txhua xyoo nyiam ntau txhiab tus neeg taug kev. Thiab qhov no tsis yog kev huam yuaj. Lub reserves ntawm cheeb tsam Voronezh yog qhov chaw uas xwm tau khaws cia yuav luag nyob rau hauv ib tug nkauj xwb lub xeev. Cov duab zoo nkauj no tau ua tib zoo tiv thaiv tsis yog los ntawm tsoomfwv Lavxias, tab sis kuj los ntawm qee lub koom haum thoob ntiaj teb. Ib qhov chaw no yog "Divnogorye".
Lub chaw khaws cia no muaj cov toj roob hauv pes tshwj xeeb. Nws nyob ntawm qhov sib txuam ntawm Don thiab Quiet Pine Rivers. Lub tsev khaws puav pheej no txhua xyoo attracts lovers ntawm xwm, huv si, huab cua ntshiab. Ntau yam architectural monuments raug sau rau hauv qhov chaw tshwj xeeb no. Yog li, ntawm no yog Vaj Qhia Assumption monastery complex, uas nyob rau hauv sib txawv xyoo muaj ib tug sanatorium, ces ib tug so lub tsev, tab sis thaum xub thawj nws yog ib tug monastery. Qhov thib ob nrov qhov chaw yog Voronezh State Reserve. Dab tsi yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws untouched no thiab dab tsi inhabitants nyob rau hauv nws, peb yuav nrhiav tau tawmntxiv los ntawm kab lus.
Keeb Kwm Keeb Kwm
Voronezh Biosphere Reserve nyob 40 km ntawm lub nroog nruab nrab. Nws tau tsim nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav khaws cov naj npawb ntawm cov dej beavers. Ua tsaug rau kev saib xyuas raws sij hawm, hom tsiaj no tsis tsuas yog tsis ploj, tab sis kuj nce nws cov pej xeem. Los ntawm txoj kev, lub ntuj complex yog tib lub beaver chaw zov me nyuam nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. Thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, lub reserve tau txais cov xwm txheej ntawm UNESCO biosphere reserve. Thiab thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua tom ntej, Ministry of Natural Resources ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation tau qhia nws los tiv thaiv ob lub reserves. Lawv yog "Stone Steppe" thiab "Voronezh".
Tam sim no ciam teb
Lub Voronezh Biosphere Reserve qhia txog thaj tsam ntawm thaj chaw qub Usmansky ntoo thuv los ntawm peb sab. Lub ntuj complex yog nyob rau ntawm ib cheeb tsam tiaj tus, nyob rau sab laug ntug dej. Los ntawm sab hnub poob, tus ciam teb ntawm ciam teb rau 5 km ua ke mus rau lub channel ntawm cov dej ntws. Nyob rau sab qab teb, nws khiav raws txoj kab tsheb ciav hlau. Los ntawm txoj kev, tsuas yog ob peb mais ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb Grafskaya, uas nyob rau ntawm ntu ntawm txoj kev, yog Central Estate of the Reserve. Nws muaj ib qho kev mus ncig ua si thiab kev tswj hwm txoj haujlwm, kev sim beaver chaw zov me nyuam thiab cov chaw soj ntsuam tshawb fawb. Tsis tas li ntawd, ntawm no koj tuaj yeem mus saib lub Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Nature.
Reservoir
Tus dej Voronezh thiab Usmanka hla dhau thaj chaw ntawm qhov chaw ntuj tsim. Thawj, qhov tob tob, dej ntws nyob ze ntawm lub zos Ramon. Tus dej thib obyog ib tug tributary ntawm lub Voronezh thiab muaj ib tug xov tooj ntawm low-flow pas dej - mus txog. Cov khoom no yog sib cuam tshuam los ntawm cov kwj deg nqaim nrog swampy backwaters thiab ntug dej. Usmanka txoj kev tsuas yog khiav ntawm hav zoov. Nyob rau xyoo qhuav, cov dej ntws ntws ntws qis heev.
Natural we alth
Xyaum tag nrho thaj chaw uas Voronezhsky Reserve nyob yog them los ntawm Usmansky Bor, uas nws cov hav zoov muaj cov cim kob. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov neeg sawv cev ntawm steppe flora thiab cov nroj tsuag ntawm feem ntau sab qaum teb hav zoov muaj nyob ntawm no. Lub npe "boron" tsis yog tag nrho siv rau lub ntuj tsim. Txawm hais tias cov ntoo thuv hav zoov feem ntau pom nyob ntawm no, qhov sib xyaw ua ke, av heterogeneity, thiab qhov sib txawv ntawm cov dej hauv av tau ua rau muaj kev sib txawv tseem ceeb hauv cov nroj tsuag. Tus txiv neej kuj muaj hwj chim loj. Yog li ntawd, niaj hnub no ntoo thuv hav zoov occupies tsis muaj ntau tshaj li ib feem peb ntawm cov cheeb tsam ntawm lub reserve. Dab tsi yog yam ntxwv, nyob rau sab hnub poob ntawm lub ntuj complex, pines muaj qhov txawv txawv rau hom no. Ntawd yog, cov ntoo tsis muaj qhov "nkoj" qhov ntev, thiab lawv cov pob tw muaj zog nkhaus. Cov xwm txheej zoo li no cuam tshuam nrog cov dej tsis zoo ntawm cov chaw no thiab, raws li, kev noj zaub mov tsis zoo.
Ntawm thaj chaw uas Voronezh Biosphere Reserve nyob, nyob ntawm cov av noo, roob tshauv, broom thiab steppe cherry tuaj yeem loj hlob ntawm ntoo qhib. Cov nyom npog feem ntau yog cov nroj tsuag toj roob hauv pes. Qhov no yog heth sedge thiab palmate,plaub hau hawk, grey-haired veronica thiab hais txog. Yuav luag tag nrho cov av ntawm lub ntuj complex yog them nrog lichen thiab moss. 29% ntawm thaj chaw ntawm lub ntuj complex yog nyob los ntawm broad-leaved forests. Lawv feem ntau nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw siab tshaj ntawm Voronezh-Usmanka watershed. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov xwm txheej ntuj no tuaj yeem pom nyob rau sab hnub tuaj, raws ciam teb nrog steppe. Oak forests ntawm sedge, noog cherry thiab sedge-snotweed yog muaj nyob rau hauv lub hav zoov no. Nyob rau hauv thawj theem ntawm deciduous massif, feem ntau centenarians (oaks txog 160 xyoo) predominate. Tshauv kuj pom ntawm lawv. Hauv qhov thib ob, ntxiv rau cov hom no, elm thiab linden loj hlob. Thiab nyob rau hauv lub undergrowth muaj tsuas yog euonymus, hazel thiab noog cherry. Cov av ntawm deciduous forests ntawm lub reserve yog them nrog plaub hau sedge, goutweed, lungwort thiab lwm yam nyom. Ntxiv nrog rau ntoo thuv thiab ntoo qhib hav zoov, birch thiab aspen hav zoov muaj ntau nyob rau hauv lub ntuj complex ntawm Voronezh. Tsis tas li ntawd, yuav luag 2.5% ntawm thaj chaw yog swampy.
Nyob zoo ib tsoom phooj ywg sawv daws
Nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov, qhov chaw ntawm lub reservoir ntawm lub cia yog them nrog paj paj lilies, dej-xim thiab qe-pods. Nyob ze ntawm cov kwj dej thiab cov dej ntws ntawm Ivnitsa River hauv qhov chaw ntxoov ntxoo koj tuaj yeem pom cov nroj tsuag zoo nkauj heev - cov paj ntoo ostrich. Tsis tas li ntawd, nyob rau thaj chaw uas nyob los ntawm Voronezh Reserve, ntau yam cuav reed hlob. Raws li ntau tus kws tshawb fawb botanists, cov nroj tsuag no yog ib qho khoom plig ntawm lub sijhawm tom qab glacial. Qhov txuj ci txuj ci tseem ceeb no tuaj yeem pom tsuas yog hauv ib qho ntawm qhov chaw cia - ze Lake Chistoe.
Nyob ntiaj teb
FaunaLub reserves feem ntau yog ua los ntawm cov tsiaj hav zoov. Ntawm cov naj npawb ntawm cov ungulates, cov boars qus yog feem ntau txawv, inhabiting deciduous forests. Tus nab npawb ntawm roe mos lwj kuj yog heev. Lawv qhov chaw nyob yog qhov chaw densely overgrown nrog ntoo lossis shrubs. Muaj ob peb moose, cov neeg sawv cev ntawm thaj tsam taiga, thiab mos lwj liab. Qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm lawv cov naj npawb tuaj nyob rau hauv 1970. Tom qab ntawd lawv tus lej tau mus txog 1200 tus neeg. Tab sis cov hma uas tshwm sim hauv hav zoov xyaum tua mos lwj cov pej xeem. Tam sim no, tsuas yog ob peb lub kaum xwb nyob. Tus dev raccoon thiab hma liab muaj ntau nyob hauv thaj av.
Tus dej beaver, ua tsaug uas Voronezhsky Reserve pib nws lub neej, yooj yim nyob rau hauv ntau lub reservoir. Nws tsim ib qho kev ua haujlwm hnyav nyob rau ntawd, tsim cov dams thiab khawb qhov tob. Nyob rau qhov siab ntawm deciduous forests muaj badger "lub zos". Nyob rau hauv cov khoom burrows txuas los ntawm ib txoj kab ntawm txoj kab, cov tsiaj no nyob tau ntau tshaj li kaum xyoo. Ermine, weasel thiab marten yog ib txwm muaj rau cov cia. Asmeskas mink stalks nws cov tsiaj nyob ze ntawm lub pas dej. Los ntawm no nws hloov nws European "kwv tij" twb nyob rau hauv lub peb caug xyoo ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th. Cov kob hav zoov-steppe ntoo thuv hav zoov yog nyob ntawm nas zoo li nas. Qhov chaw nyob ntawm lub zais hav zoov dormouse yog ntoo qhib hav zoov. Muaj ntau ntawm lawv ntawm no dua li cov protein. Jerboas thiab pom hauv av squirrel nyob hauv qhov qhib steppes, tab sis lawv cov lej tau poob ntau xyoo. Lub hollows ntawm cov ntoo qub ua lub tsev rau ntau hom (lawvmuaj 12) pob. Brown earflaps, puav (tsob hav zoov thiab dwarf) yog nrov. Qee yam ntawm cov tsiaj no txawv nyob rau hauv zaus thiab txwv kev faib tawm.
Birds
137 hom noog nyob hauv Voronezh Reserve. Cov tswv ntawm ntoo qhib hav zoov thiab cov hav zoov sib xyaw yog cov passeriformes, uas ua rau yuav luag ib nrab ntawm tag nrho cov noog. Bluethroats nrog ntau xim "apron" thiab daj taub hau wagtails nyob hauv cov tiaj nyom ntub dej nrog cov nroj tsuag, hauv dej nyab ntawm cov dej ntws. Cov kingfisher ib txwm xaiv cov ntug dej hiav txwv ze ntawm dej ua lub tsev. Cov ntses me me no tab sis agile diver tuaj yeem txawv ntawm lwm cov noog los ntawm nws lub hauv siab rufous thiab xiav-ntsuab rov qab. Shrike Shrike nyiam clearings nrog bushes. Ntawm no koj tuaj yeem pom greenfinch nrog ntsuab plumage thiab hawk warbler. Tus noog tau txais lub npe qub rau nws qhov zoo ib yam li tus noog. Nrog lub qhov muag daj thiab lub hauv siab lub hauv siab nrog cov pob tsaus, nws zoo ib yam li tus tsiaj no. Cov cranes feem ntau xaiv cov thickets ntawm dub alder nyob rau hauv qis nce mus txog ntawm tus dej rau lawv cov vaj tse. Tus naj npawb ntawm cov khub niam txiv nyob ntawd txawv ntawm 6 txog 15. Tus Dej Ivnitsa tau nyob ib thaj chaw loj ntawm cov noog no (150 khub) nyob ze nws. Ib tug iab loj nyob hauv thaj chaw swampy, thaum me me iab nyiam tsuas yog steppe reservoirs. Cov stork dawb - ib qho ntawm cov noog zoo nkauj thiab zoo nkauj - kuj tau tsim cov zes ntawm no tsis ntev los no. Cov me me grebe, ib hom noog uas tsis tshua muaj heev, tuaj yeem pom hauv hav zoov reservoir, thiab nyob rau hauv lub steppe - ib tug loj los yog dub-caj dab. Ntau hom wadersxaiv cov ntug dej thiab cov kwj deg ua lawv qhov chaw nyob.
Birds of Prey
Lawv fauna kwv yees li ntawm kaum tsib hom. Nrog rau cov neeg sawv cev ib txwm muaj ntawm thaj chaw nruab nrab, cov tib neeg tsis tshua muaj nyob ntawm no. Peb tab tom tham txog eagle luv-toed, pygmy eagle, zib ntab buzzard, ntau dua pom dav dav dav, imperial eagle, golden eagle, dawb-tailed dav dawb hau. Cov noog xws li cov qaib ntxhw, ntev-eared thiab luv-eared owl muaj ntau. Lub tom kawg tsim kev sib haum xeeb ntawm ib hom semi-colonial nyob rau hauv meadows. Nyob rau lub caij nplooj zeeg thiab caij nplooj ntoos hlav, 39 hom noog tsiv mus rau Voronezh Reserve, ib daim duab uas tuaj yeem pom hauv kab lus. Qee tus nres nyob rau hauv pob ntawv suav nrog ntau pua tus neeg. Nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav, cov no yog cov rooks, thiab nyob rau lub caij nplooj zeeg - geese (dawb-fronted thiab taum goose).
Cov tsiaj reptiles
Marsh vaub kib nyob hauv dej tob. Tsis muaj ntau ntawm lawv, vim tias muaj ob peb qhov chaw tsim nyog rau nteg qe. Nws tau xav tias ntses yog cov zaub mov tseem ceeb ntawm cov tsiaj reptile no. Yog li ntawd, tus vaub kib tau pom tias muaj kev phom sij rau kev lag luam dej. Tab sis nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, nws pub rau worms, kab thiab lawv larvae, tadpoles, newts, me ntses, kab ntsig, ntau hom locusts. Nyob rau hauv lub ecological system, tus vaub kib yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw ntawm ib hom kev txiav txim thiab xaiv, tshem tawm cov kab mob los yog tuag.
Amphibians
Nws tsis yog ib qho yooj yim mus ntsib ib qho tshiab. Muaj tsib hom qav. Feem ntau ntawm lawv yog cov hom spadefoot. Nws yog lub npe vim li cas. Nyob ze dej lub cev, lub teeb grey toad nrog xim av me ntsis emits ib qho tsw los ntawm cov qog,zoo ib yam li aroma ntawm qej. Nrog kev pab los ntawm nws ob txhais ceg, nws deftly burrows rau hauv av nyob rau hauv ib tug yuav luag ntsug txoj hauj lwm. Pom kev phom sij, nws tuaj yeem ntsib nws tim ntsej tim muag. Puffing, ua suab ceeb toom, tus nquab yuav headbutt tus yeeb ncuab.
Pisces
Tus Dej Voronezh tuaj yeem txaus siab rau ntau haiv neeg ntawm lawv hom. Nws yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si loj cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov tsiaj ntiaj teb reservoir (pike, burbot, catfish), raws li zoo raws li nruab nrab thiab me me sawv daws yuav. Ib tug ntawm lawv yog bull-calf. Nws tshuav xws li lub npe lom zem rau nws qhov tsos. Lub qhov ntswg txuas mus rau hauv cov hlab, zoo ib yam li pob ntseg ntawm ib tug spaniel, dai rau saum daim di ncauj. Cov tsos mob thiab qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm kev txav mus rau hauv dej, zoo li sniffing txhua yam, yog qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb uas cov ntses tau txais lub npe lom zem.
